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Chemistry S2 MT2 > MT2 Flashcards > Flashcards

MT2 Flashcards

1
Q

How can chemical reactions be identified?

A

Energy changes

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2
Q

What are the two energy changes?

A

Exothermic reaction & Endothermic reaction

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3
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

An exothermic reaction RELEASES energy to their surroundings, the temperature will INCREASE and the PRODUCTS will have LESS chemical energy than the REACTANTS.

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4
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

An endothermic reaction ABSORBS energy, causing the temperature to DROP. The products (of the reaction) will have MORE chemical energy than the reactants.

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5
Q

What are reactants in a word equation?

A

The substances that react together

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6
Q

What are the products in a word equation?

A

The substances formed

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7
Q

What are the state symbols in a word equation?

A

Solid = (s)
Liquid = (l)
Gas = (g)
Aqueous solution = (aq) (means dissolved in pani)

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8
Q

What is a fuel?

A

A substance that BURNS in OXYGEN to release ENERGY

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9
Q

What is the composition of air?

A

Nitrogen (79%) Oxygen (19%) Carbon Dioxide (0.04%) Argon (1.96%)

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10
Q

What is combustion?

A

Combustion is another name for a chemical reaction of a fuel burning (in oxygen)

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11
Q

What does it mean when a substance burns?

A

Reacts with oxygen

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12
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

A

Oxygen relights a glowing splint.

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13
Q

When carbon burns in oxygen, what does it produce?

A

Carbon dioxide (CO₂). Or Carbon monoxide, if INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION takes place.

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14
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

Carbon dioxide turns lime water cloudy.

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15
Q

What is incomplete combustion?

A

When a lack of oxygen is produced.

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16
Q

What is produced as a result of incomplete combustion?

A

Carbon monoxide.

17
Q

What is the word equation for carbon dioxide?

A

carbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide

18
Q

What is the test for hydrogen?

A

Hydrogen burns with a squeaky pop.

19
Q

What is the word equation for water?

A

hydrogen + oxygen → hydrogen oxide (water)

20
Q

What are the three fossil fuels?

A

Crude oil, natural gas and coal

21
Q

When were fossil fuels formed?

A

Millions of years ago.

22
Q

How are crude oil and natural gas made?

A

They were made MILLIONS OF YEARS AGO when DEAD CREATURES UNDER THE SEA BED are exposed to HEAT and PRESSURE. Natural gas can also be found next to it.

23
Q

How is coal made?

A

Coal is made when trees/plants millions of years ago were exposed to HEAT and PRESSURE, causing them to change chemically.

24
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Hydrocarbons are compounds that only contain hydrogen and carbon.

25
Q

What is the word equation for burning a hydrocarbon?

A

hydrocarbon + oxygen → water + carbon dioxide

26
Q

How can we prove that water + carbon dioxide is produced from burning a hydrocarbon?

A

Lime water turned cloudy which indicates carbon dioxide is present
Water vapour condensed at 100°C

27
Q

What does it mean when fossil fuels are FINITE?

A

It means that they run out. Another way to say this is that they are NON-RENEWABLE.

28
Q

What is hydrogen being hailed as?

A

A fuel of the future because it is inexpensive and can be extracted from water. It is also the most abundant element in the universe

29
Q

A REACTION IS ENDOTHERMIC IF… (CHOOSE ONE)

A - energy is required to start the reaction

B - heat is released during the reaction

C - the temperature drops during the reaction

D - the temperature rises during the reaction

A

C - the temperature drops during the reaction

30
Q

A REACTION IS EXOTHERMIC IF… (CHOOSE ONE)

A - energy is absorbed from the surroundings

B - energy is released to the surroundings

C - energy is required to start the reaction

D - there is no energy change

A

B - energy is released to the surroundings

31
Q

What do crude oil and natural gas mainly consist of?

A

Hydrocarbons.

32
Q

What are the 3 things required for burning?

A

Oxygen, heat energy, fuel

33
Q

What are fossil fuels?

A

Fossil fuels are fuels that contain hydrocarbons, are finite and are made from plants, trees and animal remains millions of years ago.

Chemistry S2 MT2 (1 decks)

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