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FIRST SHIFTINGS - SECOND SEMESTER > MT635 LEC/LAB - 1ST SHIFTINGS > Flashcards

MT635 LEC/LAB - 1ST SHIFTINGS Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

URINALYSIS detects the presence of kidney stones, this replies to what analysis?

A

Qualitative

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2
Q

Also known as wet chemical methods

A

Classical methods

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3
Q

T/F Classical methods involve the use of glassware and machines

A

False, glassware only

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4
Q

Relies mainly on the chemical properties of analytes

A

Classical methods

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5
Q

Classical methods involve separation of analytes by:

A

Precipitation, extraction, or distillation

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6
Q

Colors, boiling/melting points, solubilities, optical activities, refractive indexes

A

Qualitative analysis

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7
Q

Gravimetric or titrimetric techniques

A

Quantitative analysis

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8
Q

Method that relies on the measurement of physical properties

A

Instrumental method

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9
Q

Uses a device or machine

A

Instrumental method

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10
Q

involve separation employed in chromatography, electrophoresis, field flow fractionation

A

Instrumental methods

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11
Q

T/F The same instrumental method can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis

A

True

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12
Q

Measuring conductivity, electrode potential, light absorption or emission, mass to charge ratio, fluorescence of analytes is measured by:

A

Instrumental methods

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13
Q

Quanti or Quali: Mass or volume of the sample being analyzed

A

Quantitative

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14
Q

Quanti or Quali: Measurement of the quantity that is proportional to the amount of analyte in the sample

A

Quanti

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15
Q

Point of titration where titrant is equal to the concentration of the analyte

A

Equivalence

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16
Q

Determine the mass of the analyte or some compound chemically related to it

A

Gravimetric methods

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17
Q

Determine the volume of a standard reagent that reacts completely with the analyte

A

Volumetric (titrimetric) methods

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18
Q

Measurement of electrical properties

A

Electroanalytical methods

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19
Q

Measurement of interaction between emr and analyte atoms or molecules / production of radiation by analytes

A

Spectroscopic methods

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20
Q

Steps in a quantitative analysis

A
  1. Selection of a method
  2. Acquiring the sample
  3. processing the sample
  4. eliminating interferences
  5. measurement of physical/chemical property of the analyte
  6. calculating results
  7. estimation of reliability of results
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21
Q

species other than the analyte that affect the final measurement; it may enhance or attenuate the final measurement

A

interference

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22
Q

elimination of an interference by converting it to a non interfering form

A

masking

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23
Q

refers to the difference between a measured value and the true/known value;

A

error

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24
Q

denotes the estimated uncertainity in a measurement

A

error

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25
fraction of a solution in which the other components are dissolved
solvent
26
a substance that is dissolved in a solvent to produce a solution
solute
27
type of solution where the solvent contains the maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved at equilibrium at a given temperature
saturated solution
28
type of solution that contains less than the maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved
unsaturated solution
29
type of solution that contains more than the equilibrium amount of solute that can be dissolved.
Supersaturated solution
30
Refers to the agreement of a particular value with the true value.
Accuracy
31
Defines how close the measurements are to the true value.
Accuracy
32
Defines how close the measurements are to the true value.
Precision
33
Defines how close a set of measurements are to each other, not necessarily to the true value.
Precision
34
A digit that must be estimated is called
Uncertain
35
T/F A measurement always has some degree of uncertainty.
true
36
WHY IS THERE UNCERTAINTY IN MEASUREMENTS?
Measurements are performed with instruments. No instrument can read to an infinite number of decimal places.
37
anything that contributes to having a measurement different from the “true” value.
Error
38
T/F It is POSSIBLE for the analytical results to be free of errors or uncertainties.
False, it is impossible
39
Factors that affect systematic errors
procedural or instrumental factors
40
an error that also means that it is reproducible.
Consistent error
41
Ways to detect systematic errors
Analyze a known sample, such as a certified reference material. Use blank samples. Use different analytical methods to measure the same quantity. Round robin experiment
42
Ways to minimize and correct systematic errors
Proper training Regular maintenance of equipment and calibration Well-kept of notebook to note unusual trends and identify the source of errors
43
Types of systematic errors
Instrumental errors, method errors, personal errors
44
Errors that Result from the carelessness, inattention, or personal limitations of the experimenter
Personal errors
45
Errors that arise from non-ideal chemical or physical behavior of analytical systems.
Method errors
46
Errors that are caused by imperfections in measuring devices and instabilities in their components.
Instrumental errors
47
Measures how closely the data are clustered about the mean
Standard deviation
48
Any property of a solution that depends on the number of solute particles
Colligative properties
49
T/F colligative properties are applicable only to dilute solutions
True
50
4 colligative properties
1. vapor pressure lowering 2. boiling point elevation 3. freezing point depression 4. osmotic pressure
51
pressure exerted by vapor on the surface on the liquid
vapor pressure
52
law that is a solute is nonvolatile, the vapor pressure of the solution is always less than the pure solvent
Raoult's law
53
what affects the changes in boiling and freezing points
presence of solute particles
54
selective passage of solvent molecules through a porous membrane from a dilute solution to a more concentrated one
osmosis
55
pressure required to stop osmosis
osmotic pressure
56
measure of the extent of ionization or dissociation of the electrolyte in the solution
van’t hoff factor
57
The ability to sense the smallest weight that will produce a certain measurable response.
Sensitivity
58
The smallest discernable scale division (which may or may not be the sensitivity of the equipment)
Readability
59
T/F Lower readability, higher accuracy
True
60
Produces steady readings in wider environmental conditions as opposed to analytical balance.
Top loading balance
61
Has a readability of 0.01 – 0.001 g.
Top loading balance
62
Highly sensitive instrument designed for accurate weight measurement.
Analytical balance
63
Has a readability range between 0.1mg – 0.01 mg.
Analytical balance
64
Return the weights back to zero position after using the balance.
Tare
65
Approximate weight
Top loading balance
66
Accurate weight
Analytical balance
67
Types of glassware
TD type – to deliver TC type – to contain
68
Glassware used to measure approximately or accurately the volume of liquids.
TD Type glassware
69
Glassware that cannot contain 100% of the liquid from the TD since there will be some residue left in TD that cannot be transferred.
TC type glassware
70
To estimate, eye should be at the same level as the bottom of the meniscus to avoid what?
Parallax error
71
In reading the meniscus, concave is referred the lower meniscus. This is for what solutions?
Clear / transparent
72
In reading the meniscus, the convex part is observed in what solution?
Dark / colored solutions
73
TD-type glassware use to accurately deliver single (volumetric pipette) or variable (measuring pipette) volumes of liquid
Glass pipettes
74
long, highly uniformed diameter tube marked with volume graduations and filtered with Teflon stopcock.
Universal burette
75
process of adding small amount of reagent of known concentration (usually contained in a burette) to a flask containing reactant until the reaction is complete.
Titration
76
For dilution and preparation of solution
Volumetric flask

FIRST SHIFTINGS - SECOND SEMESTER (2 decks)

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