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World Geography Studying > MT8: Oceania & Antartica > Flashcards

MT8: Oceania & Antartica Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three main islands of Oceania?

A

New Zealand
Australia
Papua New Guinea

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2
Q

What are the three large island groups of Oceania?

A

Melanesia
Micronesia
Polynesia

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3
Q

what is the difference between an island and a continent?

A

size

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4
Q

Name two things about the Australian outback.

A

Interior of Australia

low plateaus and plains

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5
Q

What is Melanesia?

A

a cluster of islands north and east of Australia and just south of the equator
It means Black islands. It is named after the native people to the area.

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6
Q

What is Micronesia

A

a cluster of islands on both sides of the equator
means tiny islands. named after the size of the islands
they are also made out of coral reefs

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7
Q

What is Polynesia

A

the largest grouping of islands
means many islands because of the number of islands
includes New Zealand, Tahiti, Samoa, Hawaii…
separated by hundreds of miles of sea

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8
Q

What is Antarctica covered with?

A

ice sheets

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9
Q

What are some of the climates that Australia and Oceania have?

A

Arid, semi-arid, tropical wet and dry, humid subtropical, marine west coast, Mediterranean, Highland (if there are mountains).

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10
Q

what is the coldest recorded temperature in Antarctica?

A

-129º Fahrenheit

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11
Q

What are two ways chaparral plants adapt to fires

A

resisting

growing back quickly.

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12
Q

How do historians believe that people came to Oceania and Australia?

A

Traveled by land bridge and water when necessary and possible.

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13
Q

who are Aborigines

A

first people to live in Australia

nomadic herders who were there about 50,000 years before Europeans.

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14
Q

Most south pacific islands were once colonies to what countries?

A

European

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15
Q

How was Australia colonized?

A

In 1788 Great Britain used Australia as a prison- ended in 1868.
1851- gold was discovered and people rushed in to get their share.

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16
Q

What percentage of people in Oceania live in urban areas?

A

70%

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17
Q

What is the predominant religion of Oceania?

A

christianity

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18
Q

European settlers brought what animals to Oceania

A

sheep and cattle

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19
Q

what is the sheep to people ration in New Zealand

A

12 to 1

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20
Q

what are the precious metals of Australia

A

gold
silver
copper

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21
Q

what is copra

A

dried coconut meal

cash crop

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22
Q

what is commercial fishing

A

when people fish to make money to support their families.

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23
Q

how much of earth does the pacific ocean cover

A

70%

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24
Q

What are volcanic islands?

Give an example.

A

an island formed when an underwater volcano builds up enough lava and ash to rise above sea level.
Hawaii

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25
What are Atolls? | Give an example
a ring of coral island and reefs that surround a shallow body of ocean water called a lagoon. Bikini Atoll
26
What are continental islands? | Give an example
an island that was once part of a continent but now the land bridge is covered in water. Madagascar
27
how many islands are in the Pacific Ocean
20,000+
28
how many countries are located on the Pacific islands
14
29
how do ocean currents work?
winds blow across the water and move it in circular patterns like the wind. water near the equator is warmed. when the warm water is close to land it heats up the air around.
30
what is a tsunami
a giant sea wave caused by underwater earthquakes and volcanic eruptions: cause major flooding and destruction.
31
what is a typhoon
a tropical storm in the region of the Indian or western Pacific oceans
32
what are different resources that come from the Pacific ocean
1. many different plants and animals 2. medicines from different species 3. pearls 4. metals such as nickel, copper, and manganese 5. oil and natural gasses 6. tourism
33
Physical features of New Zealand
``` 2 large continental islands about the size of California volcanos rivers, lakes, hot springs, geysers, hot mud pools the southern Alps fjords ```
34
climate of New Zealand
``` marine west coast mostly sunny uneven but regular rain west of the southern alps get the most east of the southern Alps is located in a rain shadow ```
35
Economy of New Zealand
``` farming- fertile land Meat and dairy from cows' wool from sheep Tuna and other types of fish tourism ```
36
Human adaptations of New Zealand
a few large cities on the north island with a lot of people summer= light jackets winter= warm clothes skiing, hiking, surfing, swimming, white water rafting natural spas cars and trains to get around the islands planes to get to the mainland
37
Physical Features of Tahiti
the largest island of French Polynesia 402 square miles 1/3 the size of Rhode Island Big and Small Tahiti connected by an isthmus many cliffs and waterfalls and sleeping volcanos
38
Climate of Tahiti
wet and dry seasons | Tropical wet and dry
39
Economy of Tahiti
breadfruit, coconut palms, citrus fruits, orchids most foods were grown but now is imported tourism black pearls fishing
40
Human adaptations of Tahiti
home to 1/2 population of French polynesia Housing is more advanced now but still not as advanced as the U.S variety of recreation modern airport open air busses
41
Physical Features of Kwajalein
``` largest coral atoll in the world 97 islands 6.5 square miles in total 600 square miles of lagoon between the islands only 12-15 feet above sea level floods easily rivers and springs bring freshwater desalinisation plants ```
42
Climate of Kwajalein
Tropical wet 80-88º rain every day the difference between seasons is the length of storms coral protects the islands from large waves
43
Economy of Kwajalein
``` not good for farming coconut palm, breadfruit, arrowroot fishing U.S military base tourism ```
44
Human Adaptations of Kwajalein
people live on only 14 out of the 97 islands the rain and salty air rusts everything cars only belong to the U.S military Mostly ferries, planes, and bikes are travel options U.S army owns all the housing they dress like us.
45
what is the average temperature of the south pole?
-74º Fahrenheit
46
Define Global Warming
a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere
47
define the greenhouse effect
a process that occurs when gasses in the atmosphere prevent heat from the surface of the earth from escaping
48
why does Antarctica get so cold
most distant from the equator | receives less sun
49
what percentage of Antarctica is a covered in glaciers or ice sheets how thick are they
98% | well over a mile
50
what is the antartic treaty
stated that antartica is a peaceful place for scientific investagatioins
51
what are the three key ideas of global warming
climate is getting warmer caused by humans harmful to both humans and biomes
52
what are the 3 most common greenhouse gasses
carbon dioxiode methane water vapor
53
what is the reason that greenhouse gas levels are rising
humans burn fossil fules such as coal oil and natural gas
54
name three pieces of evidence to support the global warming theory.
climate records glacier records rising levels of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere
55
name three terrible consequences that scientist warn of global warming
some places will lose plants and animals not adapted to the warmer crop-failure will lead to worldwide hunger ocean temps will rise and melt the glaciers: coastal cities will be flooded
56
list the counter arguments to global warming
temeratures show little signs of warming most surface temps are measured in big cities which are warmer because of buildings and concrete some glaciers are growing
57
how do researchers study ice shelves
placing satellites to track them | spend time at observation posts examining temperature changes
58
name two facts about penguins of Antarctica
the most common are the Adelie penguins | nest in places with no ice or snow
59
What is the capital of Australia
Canberra
60
What is the capital of Papua New Guinea
port Moresby
61
What is the capital of Fiji
suva
62
What is the capital of Samoa
Apia
63
What is the capital of Vanuatu
port vila
64
What is the capital of New Zealand
Wellington

World Geography Studying (7 decks)

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