MTAP 1

Question 1

It is the process of Preservation; 1st and most critical step

Answer 1

Fixation

Question 2

Calcium or lime salts are removed from the tissues

Optional process: for calcified tissues only such as
bones and teeth

Answer 2

Decalcification

Question 3

Desiccation

Removing intracellular and extracellular fluid/water

Answer 3

Dehydration

Question 4

De-alcoholization

Removing the alcohol used in dehydration

Answer 4

Clearing

Question 5

Impregnation

Answer 5

Infiltration

Question 6

Infiltration

Answer 6

Impregnation

Question 7

Casting or Blocking

Answer 7

Embedding

Question 8

Removing excess wax from the tissue block

Optional process: not all tissue blocks have excess wax

Answer 8

Trimming

Question 9

Section cutting

Cutting tissue blocks into uniformly thin slices

Answer 9

Sectioning

Question 10

It is the process of dyeing

Answer 10

Staining

Question 11

The process after staining or dyeing

Answer 11

Mounting

Question 12

Process of proper labelling

Answer 12

labelling

Question 13

A tissue used that is examined when there is an immediate need for evaluation

Answer 13

Fresh tissues

Question 14

A tissue that is routinely done in the histopathology section.

Answer 14

Preserved tissues

Question 15

What are the observed activities seen using fresh tissue

Answer 15

Mitosis
Motion
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis

Question 16

The disadvantage of using fresh tissue

Answer 16

it is not permanent

Question 17

What are the primary signs of death

Answer 17

CNS failure
Respiratory failure
Cardiovascular failure

Question 18

What are the secondary signs of death

Answer 18

Algor Mortis
Rigor Mortis
Livor Mortis
Post-Mortem Clot
Autolysis
Putrefaction

Question 19

What is the cooling body range in Algor Mortis

Answer 19

(7F/hr or 1-1.5C/hr)

Question 20

It is where the 1st demonstrable change is seen

Answer 20

Algor Mortis

Question 21

This is where the stiffening of the skeletal muscles is seen

Answer 21

Rigor Mortis

Question 22

Post-mortem lividity or post-mortem suggilation

Purplish discoloration

Answer 22

Livor Mortis

Question 23

The destruction of the tissues (breaking down of the protein of the cell) by enzymes which are produced by the tissues and eventually liquefy it.

It is the first to occur among all post-mortem changes

Answer 23

Autolysis

Question 24

It is the first to occur among all post-mortem changes

Answer 24

Autolysis

Question 25

The decomposition of organic matter under the influence of microorganisms accompanied by the development of disagreeable odors.

Answer 25

Putrefaction or Decomposition

Question 26

A retrogressive pathologic process in cells in which the cytoplasm undergoes deterioration while the nucleus is preserved.

Answer 26

Degeneration

Question 27

What are the methods for fresh tissue examination

Answer 27

Teasing or Dissociation Squash preparation Crushing Frozen section Smearing

Question 28

A process wherein a selected tissue specimen is immersed in a watch glass containing isotonic salt solution (NSS or Ringer’s lactate),

Answer 28

Teasing or Dissociation

Question 29

what are the solutions used in teasing or dissociation

Answer 29

Isotonic salt solution (NSS) Ringer's lactate

Question 30

A process where small pieces of tissue not more than in diameter is placed in a microscopic slide and forcibly compressed with another slide or with coverglass.

Answer 30

Squash preparation or Crushing

Question 31

Is normally utilized when a rapid diagnosis of the tissue in question is required, and is especially recommended when lipids and nervous tissue elements are to be demonstrated.

Answer 31

Frozen section

Question 32

It is useful in cytological examinations, particularly for cancer diagnosis.

Answer 32

Smearing

Question 33

What are the smearing techniques

Answer 33

Streaking Spreading technique Pull-apart technique Touch preparation or impression smear

Question 34

How long are the specimens kept?

Answer 34

1 month - 1 year

Question 35

How long are the tissue blocks kept?

Answer 35

3-10 years

Question 36

The slides are kept

Answer 36

indefinitely

Question 37

The records in histopathology are kept

Answer 37

permanently

Question 38

The result forms must be in triplicate system

Answer 38

Pathologist Patient Laboratory

Question 39

The preparation for an organism identification

Answer 39

Whole mount

Question 40

What is the thickness of whole mount

Answer 40

0.2 - 0.5 mm

Question 41

What is the most common mountant for whole mount

Answer 41

Canada balsam

Question 42

Canada balsam's refractive index

Answer 42

1.524

Question 43

It is a histopathological method for the majority of preparation

Answer 43

Sectioning

Question 44

Sectioning preparation thickness is

Answer 44

3-5 mm

Question 45

It is a histopathological method for the cytological examination

Answer 45

Smearing

Question 46

Simply means microscopic examination of cells from different body sites for diagnostic purposes

Answer 46

Diagnostic Cytology

Question 47

Deals with the microscopic study of cells that have been desquamated from epithelial surfaces

Answer 47

Exfoliative Cytology

Question 48

It is also referred as "dissection/separation"

Answer 48

Teasing/Dissociation

Question 49

Unstained smear are usually observed under what type of microscopy

Answer 49

Phase-contrast microscope

Question 50

In squashing/crushing the thickness of sample is

Answer 50

<1mm between two slides

Question 51

What microscope often used to examine the ash residue of the incinerated section (SPODOGRAM)

Answer 51

Polarizing microscope

Question 52

Directly injection of radioactive isotopes into organs It determines the relationship and location of the isotopes and cells to be studied

Answer 52

Autoradiography

Question 53

The specimen-to-fixative volume ratio is

Answer 53

1:20

Question 54

The pH of fixative

Answer 54

pH 6-8

Question 55

For fixating the nuclear component the pH of the fixative must be

Answer 55

>4.6 pH

Question 56

For fixating the cytoplasmic component the pH of the fixative must be

Answer 56

<4.6 pH

Question 57

The temperature of fixative

Answer 57

Room temperature or 20-22 degree celsius

Question 58

The temperature of fixative for DNA

Answer 58

65-degree celsius

Question 59

The temperature of fixative for RNA

Answer 59

45-degree celsius

Question 60

Formaldehyde is used to preservation of

Answer 60

fats mucin glycogen

Question 61

Stock solution of formaldehyde

Answer 61

37-40%

Question 62

Formaldehyde is from

Answer 62

oxidized methanol

Question 63

most widely used for Electron Microscopy

Answer 63

Glutaraldehyde

Question 64

Glutaraldehyde is widely used for

Answer 64

Electron Microscopy

Question 65

It is the best fixative of choice for enzyme histochemistry

Answer 65

Glutaraldehyde

Question 66

Glutaraldehyde is the best fixative of choice for enzyme histochemistry

Answer 66

Enzyme histochemistry

Question 67

How many percent of glutaraldehyde for small tissues

Answer 67

2.5%

Question 68

How many percent of glutaraldehyde for big tissues

Answer 68

4.0%

Question 69

What is the fixative for connective tissue mucin

Answer 69

Lead fixative

Question 70

Lead fixative is an

Answer 70

Acid mucopolysaccharide

Question 71

The concentration of Lead Fixative

Answer 71

4%

Question 72

Best fixation: 3-degrees celsius for 16-18 hours

Answer 72

Newcomer's fluid

Question 73

It is made up of mercuric chloride stock solu. In which glacial acetic acid added before use

Answer 73

Zenker's Fluid

Question 74

Zenker's fluid is used for fixating

Answer 74

Connective tissue Liver Spleen Nuclei

Question 75

It is the most rapid fixative

Answer 75

Carnoy's fluid

Question 76

Carnoy's fluid is also used for what granules

Answer 76

Nissle granules

Question 77

It is the most common fixative, also used for fixating renal tissue, connective tissue, muscle, and fibrin

Answer 77

Mercuric Chloride

Question 78

Mercuric Chloride is used to fixate

Answer 78

Renal tissue Connective tissue Muscle Fibrin

Question 79

Fixative tissue choice for Tissue photography

Answer 79

Mercuric chloride

Question 80

Helly's Fluid is used to fixate

Answer 80

Pituitary gland Bone marrow Blood-containing organs like spleen and liver

Question 81

Helly's Fluid other name is

Answer 81

Zenker's Formol

Question 82

The composition of Helly's Fluid

Answer 82

Mercuric chloride Formaldehyde Potassium dichromate

Question 83

REGAUD’S FLUID / MOLLER’S FLUID is for

Answer 83

Mitochondira Mitotic figures Chromatin Colloid Containing Tissues RBCs Golgi bodies

Question 84

Fixative for embryo

Answer 84

Bouin's Fluid

Question 85

Early degenerative processes and tissue necrosis

Answer 85

Orth's Fluid

Question 86

For tumor biopsies of the skin

Answer 86

Heidenhain's susa

Question 87

Post-mortem changes Research tissues Surgical storage tissues

Answer 87

10% NEUTRAL BUFFERED FORMALIN

Question 88

For glycogen

Answer 88

BRASIL’S ALCOHOLIC PICROFORMOL SOLUTION

Question 89

For nuclear structures

Answer 89

FLEMMING’S FLUID WITH GLACIAL ACETIC ACID

Question 90

For cytoplasmic structures

Answer 90

LEMMING’S FLUID W/O GLACIAL ACETIC ACID

Question 91

It is stain and fixative; glycogen

Answer 91

Picrid acid

Question 92

It solidifies at 17OC; precipitates chromosomes and chromatin

Answer 92

Glacial Acetic Acid

Question 93

fixative and dehydrant brain damage; rabies diagnosis

Answer 93

ACETONE

Question 94

fixative and dehydrant; ideal for small bone fragments

Answer 94

Alcohol

Question 95

For bacteriologic smears

Answer 95

Heat

Question 96

Fixative and decalcifying agent

Answer 96

Chromic acid

Question 97

For sputum

Answer 97

GENDRE’S FLUID

Question 98

Most common, routine purposes, urgent biopsies for decalcification

Answer 98

NITRIC ACID

Question 99

For surface tissue block

Answer 99

HYDROCHLORIC ACID

Question 100

Pieces of bones and teeth

Answer 100

VON EBNER’S FLUID

Question 101

Most rapid decalcifier; urgent works

Answer 101

PHLOROGLUCIN NITRIC ACID

Question 102

Decalcifier and tissue softener Maceration is avoided

Answer 102

PERENYI’S FLUID

Question 103

Most common, cheap and not poisonous dehydrant agent

Answer 103

ETHANOL

Question 104

Blood and tissue films and smears

Answer 104

METHANOL

Question 105

Plant and animal tissue microtechniques

Answer 105

BUTANOL

Question 106

A Carcinogenic clearing agent: bone marrow damage; aplastic anemia

Answer 106

Benzene

Question 107

CNS tissues & Cytological studies

Answer 107

CEDARWOOD OIL

Question 108

The direction is from heel-to-toe

Answer 108

Honing

Question 109

The direction is from toe-to-heel

Answer 109

Stropping

Question 110

Clearance angel

Answer 110

5-15 degree angle

Question 111

Wedge-plane

Answer 111

15-degree angle

Question 112

Biconcave

Answer 112

27-32 degree angle

Question 113

Refractive index of Canada balsam

Answer 113

1.524

Question 114

Refractive index of Canada balsam

Answer 114

answer: 1.532