MTP 2 MIDTERM

Question 1

What is the definition of lymphatic drainage?

Answer 1

the use of gentle/light, rhythmic, manual techniques to pump the lymphatic fluid through the superficial lymphatic capillaries.

Question 2

What are the 3 primary functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 2

1. Lymphatic vessels drain excess interstitial and leaked proteins from the tissue spaces and return them to the blood
2. Dietary lipids and lipid soluble vitamins are transported by the lymphatic vessels to the blood.
3. Lymphatic tissue initiates highly specific immune responses

Question 3

Lymph or blood: Contains plasma and a lesser number of WBCs and platelets.

Answer 3

Lymph

Question 4

Lymph or Blood: clots slowly due to the presence of less fibrinogen

Answer 4

Lymph

Question 5

Lymph or blood: flows quickly

Answer 5

blood

Question 6

Which duct receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck and chest and entire lower body?

Answer 6

Thoracic duct

Question 7

What maintains the flow of lymph?

Answer 7

skeletal muscle pump and respiratory pump

Question 8

What are the primary lymphatic organs and tissues?

Answer 8

Where stem cells divide and develop into mature B and T cells
red bone marrow
thymus

Question 9

What are secondary lymphtic organs and tissues?

Answer 9

sites where most immune responses occur:
lymph nodes
spleen
lymphatic nodules

Question 10

When treating local edema present in the acute or subacute stage of an injury, lymph drainage techniques should be applied first or after general SM?

Answer 10

applied first

Question 11

When treating chronic edema, deeper SM and MF techniques are applied when?

Answer 11

first

Question 12

What are CIs to LD?

Answer 12

acute inflammation w/ infection
malignancy
untreated or recent thrombosis
untreated allergic reaction
edema due to right sided congestive heart failure
kidney pathology
damaged lymphatic system (relative to training

Question 13

What are cautions to LD?

Answer 13

cardiac insufficiency or congestive heart failure
local application to thyroid hyperactivity
asthma, not in attack, avoid sternum
low blood pressure
traumatic injury

Question 14

What is the definition of edema?

Answer 14

a local or general accumulation of fluid in the interstitial tissue spaces

Question 15

Edema due to trauma is often what?

Answer 15

Hot, firm, local and sometimes distal to the injury

Question 16

Chronic edema feels like what in palpation?

Answer 16

cool due to ischemia or warm due to congestion.
maybe boggy or taut
possibly tender

Question 17

What are special tests for edema?

Answer 17

Pitted edema test
girth measurement

Question 18

What is muscle tension?

Answer 18

an increase in tone that is present with painful, dysfunctional muscles

Question 19

What is muscle tone?

Answer 19

the resistance of a relaxed muscle to passive stretch or elongation

Question 20

What is spasticity?

Answer 20

increased tone in response to stretch

Question 21

What is active tone?

Answer 21

contractile activity is minimal in relaxed, normally innervated healthy muscle tissue

Question 22

What is the vital low level, passive tension, and resistance to stretch that makes an important contribution to the maintenance of postural stability in balance equilibrium positions or when the body is supported against gravity?

Answer 22

Human Resting Muscle Tension (HRMT)

Question 23

What are signs and symptoms of tissue tension?

Answer 23

mm tightness/stiffness
pain w/ use, at rest or on palpation
decreased ROM of Jts crossed by tight muscle
decreased strength/function
increased mm tone or tension
ischemia

Question 24

What are the 2 types of atrophy?

Answer 24

true
disuse

Question 25

What is the result of mm testing in true atrophy?

Answer 25

weak/trace or nonexistent and painless

Question 26

What are CIs to true atrophy?

Answer 26

deep work - any work that stretches tissue extreme temperatures passive forced stretch

Question 27

What is a spasm?

Answer 27

involuntary sustained contraction of a muscle

Question 28

What is an extrinsic/reflex muscle spasm?

Answer 28

involuntary mm protective mechanis, aka mm splinting prolonged contractions in response to pain or painful stimuli generally when insult is removed pain goes away

Question 29

What is an intrinsic mm spasm?

Answer 29

prolonged contraction related to alteration in circ. or metabolic functioning of the mm. caused by trauma, emotional tension, post athletic event fatigue, cold, immobilization, inflammation or infection. can be a perpetuating pain/spasm cycle where it stays after insult is removed.

Question 30

What causes mm spasm?

Answer 30

pain circulatory stasis due to reflex mm guarding increase gamma neuron firing due to stress, anxiety, fatigue or overstretch injury chilling of mm leading ro reflex contraction impaired nutrition lack of vit D

Question 31

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

Answer 31

redness swelling/edema heat pain loss of function

Question 32

What are the 2 types of healing?

Answer 32

primary (first intention) healing secondary (second intention) healing

Question 33

What types of scar tissue are there?

Answer 33

contracture adhesion scar fibrotic adhesion proud flesh hypertrophic scarring keloid

Question 34

This type of scar is a dermal scar that extends beyond the boundaries of the original wound in a tumor like growth.

Answer 34

Keloid

Question 35

This is a shortening of CT supporting structures over or around a joint

Answer 35

Contracture

Question 36

This scar tissue connects two pieces of tissue that aren't meant to connect

Answer 36

Adhesion

Question 37

What is a mm strain?

Answer 37

trauma to a mm and/or it's tendon from overstretching, overuse or violent contraction

Question 38

What muscles are strained more often than others?

Answer 38

mm that cross 2 jts (hamstrings, gastroc, biceps long head)

Question 39

What is a sprain?

Answer 39

an overstretch injury to a ligament

Question 40

What is the most commons ligament sprained in the ankle?

Answer 40

talofibular ligament

Question 41

What is the most common ligament sprained in the knee?

Answer 41

medial and lateral collateral ligaments. Medial is more common