Mts Unit 2 Flashcards
(39 cards)
What are animal and plant cells made of?
Eukaryotic cells
What does every cell maintain?
Homeostasis
What is cell metabolism?
involved in converting carbohydrates, fats and proteins into the energy needed for cellular functions.
Energy is then generated through cell metabolism and is used for muscle contraction, membrane, transport and synthesis of enzymes
What is ATP
Adenosine triphosphate is a “unit of currency” for transferring energy in living cells
What do ATP molecules consist off?
Adenosine a nitrogenous base add three phosphate groups
Last two phosphate groups are joined to the remainder of the molecule by high energy bonds
How is a ADP formed?
(Adenosine diphosphate)
It is formed when ATP is hydrolysed and loses one high energy bond, and then AMP (Adenosine monophosphate) with the loss of two such bonds
What are the two types of energy production?
Anaerobic respiration without oxygen occurring in the cytoplasm
Aerobic respiration without oxygen occurring in the mitochondria
How are eukaryotic cells are defined?
By the presence of the membrane bound nucleus, and the presence of the membrane, bound organelles, such as the mitochondria
What is metabolism?
All chemical reactions in the body
It is a balance between the energy, input and output of anabolism and catabolism
What is catabolism?
Breaking down of the complex molecules, catabolic reactions are exergonic.
What is anabolism?
Building of complex molecules, it is and endergonic
How do catabolic reactions work?
The transfer energy into high energy phosphate bonds of ATP
What time be released easily and quickly, and ATP can diffuse through the cell
What are the functions of the cell membrane?
Act as a barrier to prevent general ingress
To control movement of desirable material into the cell
To communicate with the outside world, it has various receptors, the combined with specific chemical messengers
To make a physical connections with the exception of fluid tissues
What is the plasma membrane predominantly composed off?
Phospholipid bilayer, where in the pool is phosphate heads, oriented toward the Polar cytosol inside the cell on the water in medium outside
What are anchoring proteins?
Can attach the inner membrane to the cytoskeleton
What are recognition proteins?
They are glycoproteins and are important in making sure the immune system can see the cell as ntomel part of the body
What are receptor proteins?
It enables the cell to be sensitive to signals via specific Liggiands
What are carrier proteins?
They are used to transport certain molecules across the membrane
It changes the shape to allow material to come in and then goes back to its normal shape shape
What are channel proteins?
Can allow specific passage of a very small materials in and out of the cell
What is a glycocalyx?
A sticky viscous layer that lubricates and protects the cell membrane
Which molecules pass through the membrane rapidly?
Hydrophobic, small molecules and gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide crossmember in the rapidly?
Which molecules does the cell membrane restrict diffusion?
Highly charged molecules such as sodium, potassium and larger molecules, such as sugars and amino acids
What are transporters?
Specialised membrane, spanning proteins that assist in the movement of ions, peptides, small, molecules and lipids
What is diffusion?
Spontaneous movement of the membrane, permeable substance across the membrane down the concentration gradient
