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Mucosal Immunity (Davis) Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s mucosal immunity referred to as?

A

regional immunity

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2
Q

How is the mucosal immune system anatomically distinct?

A
  • diff. antibodies
  • diff. types of T cells
  • includes B-1 and MZ B-2 B cells
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3
Q

How is the mucosal immune system functionally distinct?

A
  • diff. physiological activities
  • diff. mechanisms of antigen uptake
  • diff. means of inducing (inductive sites) & carrying out immune functions (effector sites)
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4
Q

(T/F) In mucosal immunity, antigen has to cross epithelial barriers

A

TRUE

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5
Q

what are inductive sites?

A

where antigen is taken up, presented, lymphocytes are activated, & B cells undergo isotype switching/SHM

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6
Q

(T/F) Clonal proliferation does NOT occur at inductive site

A

TRUE

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7
Q

What are effector sites?

A

lymphocytes home back to these & secrete effector molecules

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8
Q

Compartmentalization is achieved:

A

through strong lymphocyte homing for mucosal tissues (large homing effect)

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9
Q

(T/F) most of our lymphocytes are in mucosal tissues have more deltagamma T cells more than alphabeta T cells

A

TRUE

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10
Q

The independent fetal development of what makes for a distinct immune response?

A

mesenteric LN’s & Peyer’s patches

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11
Q

(inductive sites) where is the immune response is induced?

A

O-MALT

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12
Q

4 anatomical areas of O-MALT?

A
  • GALT
  • NALT
  • BALT
  • RALT
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13
Q

D-MALT contains what sites?

A

effector sites: where antibodies are secreted

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14
Q

What is spread throughout mucosal tissues and contains lamina propria, salivary glands?

A

D-MALT

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15
Q

Lamina propria is..?

A

underlying connective tissue that contains blood vessels, as well as specialized cells

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16
Q

(innate) the gut mucosa protects us from infxns by:

A
  • mucus
  • glycocalyx
  • antimicrobial peptides
  • C-type lectins
  • localized PRRs
  • mucin decoy molecules
  • ILCs
  • inhibition of inflammation
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17
Q

what induces the production of mucin molecules?

A

IL-5, IL-13

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18
Q

how does mucus help us?

A

thick layer keeps pathogens from reaching surface of gut epithelium

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19
Q

how does the glycocalyx act as a physical barrier?

A

prevents microbes from making contact w/ epithelial layer

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20
Q

(T/F) antimicrobial peptides affect our natural gut mucosa

A

FALSE; they do not affect

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21
Q

the main antimicrobial peptides in the small intestine are?

A

alpha defensins- produced by paneth cells

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22
Q

main antimicrobial peptides in large intestine are?

A

B-defensins- produced by absorptive epithelial cells

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23
Q

In response to inflammation, neutrophilic granules also contain what to help protect the colon?

A

alpha-defensins

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24
Q

What disease correlates with a defect in defensin production?

A

Chron’s disease

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25
Paneth cells secrete ____ called regenerating islet-derived proteins (REG III)
C-type lectins
26
What do REG III lectin proteins do..?
- block bacterial colonization of the mucosal epithelial surface - have bactericidal effects against G+ bacteria
27
TLR & NOD proteins are expressed only in certain cells/areas of the gut. they are activated upon what..?
upon bacterial invasion
28
TLR5 recognizes ___ and is expressed only on the basolateral surface of intestinal epithelial cells
flagellin
29
TLR signaling results in the secretion of..?
increased defensins, REG III protein lectins & IgA
30
TLR and NOD proteins are examples of?
localized PRRs
31
Mucin decoy molecules are shed from intestinal epithelial cells and bind to what..?
binds to adhesin proteins on the intestinal bacteria- this blocks them from binding to intestinal cells
32
Innate lymphoid cells secrete cytokines in response to ___ (ILC-activating cytokines IL-1B)
alarmins
33
Production of what increases production of mucus or defensins which enhance fxn of tight junctions?
Il-17, IL-22, IL-23
34
Some gut macrophages have unique phenotype that secrete which anti-inflammatory?
IL-10
35
(adaptive) The gut mucosa protects us from infxns by:
- IgA, IgG, IgM, - specialized anatomy - strong homing/lymphocyte trafficking
36
Isotype switching to IgA is induced by?
induced by TGF-B
37
B cells are activated in ____ undergo isotype switching to IgA
Peyer's patches
38
Plasma cells home back to the ____ where they secrete pIgA
lamina propria
39
The pIgA is taken up (via J chain) by the ___ and transcytosed into the lumen (SIgA)
pIgR
40
___ plays an important role in mucosal immunity of the oral cavity and minor role in the GI tract
IgG
41
_____ pentamer w/ a J chain is transcytosed via pIgR and is an adaptive immunity feature
IgM
42
Specialized anatomy that's part of the adaptive immunity feature include:
- peyer's patches - lamina propria - salivary glands
43
What's part of the O-MALT, found throughout the GI tract and is the inductive site of the mucosal immune response in the gut?
Peyer's patches
44
In the Peyer's patches, antigens enter via transcytosis through _____
M cells
45
The inductive site in the Peyer's patches are covered by the _____ area which lies beneath the FAE and contains large #'s of APCs & T follicular helper cells
dome area (mantle zone)
46
(peyer's patch) Under the dome area is the corona, is where what is located?
where the naive B cells are located
47
what is not organized into specialized lymphoid structures- D-MALT and is where most gut pIgA is produced?
Lamina propria
48
what is populated with memory mIgA+ B cells, IgA-secreting plasma cells, memory Th cells, DCs, macrophages, mast cells ?
lamina propria
49
____ is part of D-MALT and is the main source of IgA in the oral cavity
Salivary glands
50
What form IgA is produced in the salivary glands?
dimeric (pIgA)
51
what epithelium expresses class II HLA-Dx molecules & goblet cells; it's also organized into villi & crypts?
mucosal epithelium
52
mucosal epithelium have ___, ___, & _____ interspersed b/w & among the epithelial cells
lymphocytes, DCs, & macrophages
53
Mature, differentiated T cells that interspersed among the mucosal villous epithelial cells are _____
intraepithelial lymphocytes
54
what type of memory CD8+ CTLs?
aB memory cells
55
When a mucosal epithelial cell becomes infected, injured, or stressed, it expresses which certain protein on it's basolateral surface..?
MIC-A/MIC-B (stress proteins)
56
___ see stress proteins and kill cell
IPLs
57
What's a specialized epithelial layer that covers the Peyer's patches and contains M cells..?
Follicle Associated Epithelium (FAE)
58
what type of specialized antigen uptake cells of the FAE overlying O-MALT tissues?
M cells
59
main fxn of M cells?
uptake of luminal antigens | - actively pinocytic
60
Ingested antigen is transcytosed ____
intact (transcytosis)
61
Basolateral surface is invaginated, pockets contain:
DCs, naive lymphocytes
62
APCs take up antigen & present it to T cells in what area of the peyer's patches?
dome area
63
In an H. pylori infxn, what happens to mucus production?
it decreases
64
Where are goblet cells located?
located at top of villi and in FAE | - in large and small intestines
65
Paneth cells secrete ___
antibacterial peptides
66
Paneth cells contains granules with..?
lysozyme, defensins, & phospholipase enzymes
67
Main differentiating separates the mucosal immune system from the systemic is..?
homing of activated lymphocytes
68
How is antigen uptake different in mucosal immunity?
- must be taken across epithelial barrier by active vesicular transport - not phagocytosed by an APC until after it crosses the barrier - APC does NOT migrate to LN - antigen uptake is restricted

Immunology (10 decks)

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