Mucous Membranes Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
True or False?
The mucous membrane of the mouth is considered to be an organ because it consists of multiple types of tissues working together in harmony
A
TRUE
2
Q
Name the 2 types of tissues that make up the oral mucous membrane
A
- Oral Epithelium
- Connective Tissue
3
Q
What all makes up the connective tissue of the oral mucosa?
A
- Lamina Propria & ****sometimes a submucosa layer
- Blood vessels
- Minor salivary glands
- Ducts of both major and minor salivary glands
4
Q
Type of tissue tht is embedded in the oral mucosa at the lingual and palatine tonsils
A
Lymphoid Tissue
5
Q
What part of the oral mucosa serves at the protective barrier?
A
Epithelium
6
Q
What part of the oral mucosa serves as anti-microbial protection?
A
- Lamina Propria’s Immune Cells
- Epithelial cells synthesize and secrete several antimicrobial molecules such as beta-defensins
7
Q
TERM – cysteine-rich, cationic, bind to negative charges on bacterial membranes and permeabilize
A
Beta-Defensins
8
Q
True or False?
The oral mucosa is highly innervated
A
TRUE
9
Q
Which option is more capable of more types of sensations?
- Oral Mucosa
- Pulp/dentin & PDL
A
Oral Mucosa
10
Q
Dentin and Pulp receive sensations of?
A
PAIN
11
Q
The PDL receives sensations of _____ &_____?
A
Pain and Proprioception
12
Q
The oral mucosa receives sensations of…
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
- Touch
- Pain
- Innocuous Thermal
- Taste
13
Q
True or False
The oral mucosa varies by region but is consistent with 2 types of tissue:
- Epithelium
- Submucosa
A
FALSE
- Epithelium
- Connective Tissue
(Submucosa is not always present in the connective tissue layer) – Basal Lamina IS present
14
Q
TERM – defines ALL oral epithelium
A
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
15
Q
The deepest layers of the oral epithelium are responsible for _____ ______ while the superficial layers are mature and are sloughed off
A
Cell Division
16
Q
Name another type of organ that has the same type of tissue as the oral mucosa?
A
Skin
17
Q
Name the type of epithelium in blood vessels
A
Simple Squamous Epithelium
18
Q
A fast epithelial turnover can be
Great for?
Bad for?
A
Great – speed healing
Bad – more vulnerable to conditions that affect cell division
19
Q
Rank the following in order from fastest to slowest epithelial turnover rates
- taste buds
- cheek
- junctional epithelium
- gingiva
- gut
- skin
A
- Gut
- Junctional Epithelium
- Taste Buds
- Cheek
- Gingiva
- Skin
20
Q
TERM – time is takes for the epithelium to entirely replace itself
A
Turnover Time
21
Q
A faster turnover can be harmful for patients that under go __________ for cancer
A
Chemotherapy
22
Q
True or False?
Effects of head/neck radiotherapy can lead to diffuse mucositis/ulcers
A
TRUE
23
Q
TERM – most numerous cell type in the epithelium
A
Keratinocytes
24
Q
Keratinocytes are named based off of a their expressed protein called ____
A
cytokeratin
25
True or False?
Most of the epithelial volume is occupied by cells
TRUE
26
True or False?
The oral epithelium only consists of keratinocytes
False!
Non-keratinocytes too!
27
Name the 3 types of non-keratinized cells of the oral epithelium
1. Merkel Cells
2. Melanocytes
3. Langerhans
28
These 2 non-keratinized cell types are located in the _______ layer and which one produces a 'halo' cytoplasm?
1.
2.
1. Merkel Cells
2. Melanocytes -- halo
Located in the **basal** layer
29
What type of non-keratinocytes have immune functions and are also considered to be dendritic cells?
Langerhans
30
You would be able to differentiate a Merkel cell from a Langerhans cell by atleast 3 characteristics:
1.
2.
3.
1. Merkel Cell --NO halo
2. Langerhan is more supra-basal compared to Merkel cells (and melanocytes) in the basal layer
3. Langerhan cells have dendritic cell processes
31
How would you be able to distinguish a Langerhan cell from a Melanocyte?
LOCATION
1. Melanocytes are @ the basal layer
32
What is responsible for the "halo" effect in non-keratinized epithelial cells?
Lack of cytokeratin -- no staining of cytokeratin
33
Type of non-keratinocyte that contains melanin pigment packed in melanosomes
Melanocyte
34
Keratinized or Non Keratinized?
Alveolar Mucosa?
Gingiva?
Alveolar Mucosa? -- Non-keratinized
Gingiva? -- Keratinized
35
True or False
Keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium do not have distinctive clinical appearances
FALSE - they dooo
36
True or False?
Both Keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium contain keratinocytes that express cytokeratins
TRUE
37
Major function for cytokeratins?
Provide skeletal support when assembled into intermediate filaments
38
Types of Cytokeratinocytes (progression)
??
1. Monomer
2. Parallel Dimer
3. Antiparallel Tetramer
4. Intermediate Filament
39
Different sets of cytokeratins are expressed by
1. Different ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
2. Different ______ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
1. Different Epithelial Layers
2. Different Epithelial Tissues
40
TERM --
- not only do these provide mechanical support to cells...
- they are an intracellular component of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes
Cytokeratins
41
**Name this clinical defect**
- Mutations in cytokeratins 5/14 -- basal layer
- Rare
- Blistering in response to minor trauma
- most severe in **epidermis** but can also have oral consequences
- Sensitive to the slight touches (toothbrush)
Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex (EB Simplex)
42
True or False
Non-keratinized epithelium is tougher and more impermeable compared to keratinized epithelium which is more flexible
FALSE
**Keratinized epithelium** is tougher and more impermeable compared to **non-keratinized** epithelium which is more flexible
43
Which is Non-keratinized epithelium?
- gingiva
- buccal mucosa
- hard palate
Buccal Mucosa
44
Which is Keratinized epithelium?
- gingiva
- buccal mucosa
- soft palate
- Alveolar mucosa
Gingiva
45
True or False?
Both Keratinized and Non-keratinized epithelium have a basal layer and prickle cell layer
TRUE
46
When viewing a histological image, how might you determine the difference between keratinized vs non-keratinized epithelium?
Look at the most superficial layer
Non-keratinized epithelium WILL have cells with organelles in the SF layer unlike Keratinized epithelium which will have a layer of dehydrated cells with NO organelles
47
True or False
Reguardless of keratinized vs non-keratinized epithelium, the amount of cytokeratin INCREASES in superficial layers
TRUE
48
Different cytokeratinocytes contribute to differences in _________ properties of keratinized and non-keratinized epithelial
Mechanical
49
What properties do cytokeratins have in keratinized epithelium?
1. Promote aggregation
2. Promote binding to fillagrin
3. Superficial layers consist of very flat cells, dehydrated, no organelles, packed with cytokeratin
50
What properties do cytokeratins have in non-keratinized epithelium?
1. Do NOT promote aggregation
2. Superficial layers are NOT flat or dehydrated, retain nuclei and organelles, contain cytokeratin tonofilaments
51
Keratinized epithelium is _______ but less ________ than non-keratinized epithelium
Tougher
Flexible
52
Are desmosomes more numerous in keratinized or non-keratinized epithelium?
Keratinized
53
What contribute to permeability factors in the different types of epithelium?
Desmosomes
54
Membrane coated granules:
1. Filled with?
2. First appear in what layer?
3. Released in what layer?
4. Non-keratinized or keratinized or both?
5. Serves as an _____ \_\_\_\_ to aqueous substances
6. What creates the effectiveness of the barrier in keratinized epithelium?
1. Glycolipids
2. Upper prickle cell layer
3. Released in more superficial layers to coat cell
4. BOTH keratinized and non-keratinized epithelium
5. **inter**cellular barrier
6. differences in chemical composition
55
True or False?
Membrane thickening is more pronounced in keratinized epithelium
True
56
The cornified envelope which is more pronounced in ________ epithelium consists of 15nm cross-linked protein sheat comprised of ________ & other proteins
Keratinized
Loricril
57
TERM-- name for epithelium which is a hybrid between keratinized and non-keratinized epitheilium
Parakeratinized Epithelium
58
True or False?
Some nuclei are retained in parakeratinized epithelium
True
59
Name 2 other types of keratinizaton
1. Incomplete keratinization
2. Hyperkeratiniztion
60
Unlike the epithelial layer, the lamina propria is occupied mostly by \_\_\_\_\_
ECM
61
Name the type of cell NOT present in the lamina propria layer
- fibroblasts
- macrophages
- keratinocytes
- mast cells
Keratinocytes
62
Most numerous cell type in the lamina propria?
Fibroblasts
63
Proteoglycans, GAG's, glycoproteins, collagen I&III and elastin are all components of the _____ in the lamina propria
ECM
64
A **more flexible** region of the oral cavity will have a greater amount of ____ collagen and lower amount of ______ collagen
Type III
Type I
65
Since the gingival is not as flexible as the buccal mucosa, what type of collagen would you suspect to see more of?
Type I
66
If you see tiny black dots that are stained for type I collagen, what is the histological technique?
Immunogold labeling
67
True or False?
Elastin is more prominent in the oral mucosa than in the pulp or PDL
TRUE
68
How is the epithelial and connective tissue layer connected?
Convoluted border consisting of **rete pegs** (epithelium) and **connective tissue papillae** (connective tissue) = PAPILLARY LAYER
69
True or False?
The length of rete pegs differs from location?
True
70
Areas in the oral cavity where mastication forces are strong will most likely have (short//long) rete pegs?
Long
71
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the gingiva reflects underlying pegs and connective tissue papillae
Stippling
72
What might be found in the submucosa layer (CT)
1. Large blood vessels
2. Nerves
3. Glands
\*\* supplying the lamina propria
73
The submucosa separates the lamina propria from \_\_\_\_?
Bone
74
True or False?
The submucosa layer is present in the tongue, gingiva, rugae region, and median raphe region
False
75
The **gingiva** and **hard palate** are examples of\_\_\_\_\_\_ mucosa
Mastictory
76
Masticatory Mucosa is more rigid or flexible than lining mucosa?
Rigid
77
The following are examples of ______ Mucosa
1. Alveolar Mucosa
2. Soft Palate
3. Cheek
4. Underside of tongue
5. Floor of mouth
Lining Mucosa
78
Would an injection site be more or less painful if given to areas of lining mucosa?
Less painful
79
What type of mucosa is less likely to gap if an incision is made?
Masticatory Mucosa
80
True or False?
The lining mucosa varies thickness levels between different areas of the oral cavity
TRUE
81
Is submucosa present in the lining mucosa?
Yes, usually
82
Compared to the masticatory mucosa, how would you describe the connective tissue papillae of the lining mucosa?
Short & Broad connective tissue papillae
83
What are the 3 regions of the lips?
1. Exterior Skin
2. Vermillion Zone
3. Labial Mucosa
84
True or False?
Of the lip region, the exterior skin and vermillion border are considered to be keratinized epithelium
True
85
Mucous glands are located on which part of the lip epithelium?
Labial Mucosa
86
What is a logical explanation for why the vermillion zone of the lips becomes very dry?
No sweat OR mucous glands
87
Hair follicles are associated with which part of lip epithelium?
Exterior skin
88
Why is the vermillion border a distinguishable red-pink "line"?
Very superficial blood vessels
89
Superficial _____ \_\_\_\_ are present in the connective tissue papillae of the vermillion border epithelium region of the lips
capillary loops
90
Describe the lamina propria of the masticatory mucosa
Very dense; more collagen fibers and less elastic fibers
91
The submucosa is variably present in the ____ \_\_\_\_
Hard palate
92
Instead of the submucosa, ______ is present in gingiva?
Mucoperiosteum
93
Describe the appearance of the connective tissue papillae
Many long and tin connective tissue papillae
94
TERM -- part of the free gingiva which faces the tooth, generally non-keratinized
Sulcular Epithelium
95
TERM --
- forms seat with hard tissue (enamel & cementum)
- oriented along the long axis of the tooth
- straight BM
- Simple epithelium -keratin expression
- relatively non-differentiated cells
- highly permeable
Junctional Epithelium
96
What consequences might a highly permeable junctional epithelium have?
1. Suseptibility to bacteria
2. Increased inflammatory molecules
97
Name the 2 types of basal lamina for the junctional epithelium
1. external -- JE/LP
2. internal -- JE/tooth
98
What 3 things are not present in **internal** BL but are present in **external** BL?
1. Type IV collagen
2. Proteoglycan BM-1
3. Type VII collagen
99
What collagen components of the basal lamina provide direct connection to the collagen fibrils of the lamina propria
1. Lamina Densa
2. Anchoring Fibril
100
Name 3 unique proteins that are produced by ameloblasts during the maturation phase (internal BL of JE)
1. AMTN -- amelotin
2. ODAM -- odontogenic ameloblast assoc.
3. SCPPPQ1 -- secretory calcium binding photphoproteins proline-glutamine rich 1
101
When the 3 unique proteins made by ameloblasts are mixed together, they form a _____ \_\_\_\_\_ hypothesized to facilitate sealing of the JE to tooth surface
Porous Stucture
102
True or False?
JE can regenerate rapidly
Can also occur around implants
TRUE
103
Vascular supply of what 3 components go to supply the gingiva
1. PDL
2. Interdental septa
3. Oral Mucosa
104
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ________ demonstrates the blood vessels in the papillary layer of the gingiva using crevicular fluid
Fluorescein Angiopathy
