Multi-store model of memory Flashcards
(14 cards)
What are the 3 aspects of the MSM
Sensory register, short-term, Long-term
What are the features of sensory register
Visual, auditory, semantic
What is the capacity and duration of sensory register
Very large capacity but a duration of around .25 seconds
How does sensory register convert to short term memory
By encoding(acoustic) and paying attention
What is the capacity and duration of short-term memory
5-9 items and 30 seconds
How can we extend short-term memory
Rehearsal
How does short-term memory become long term memory
Semantic encoding/consolidation(chunking and chaining)
How can we convert long-term memory into short-term memory
Retrieval
What is the capacity and duration of LTM
Unlimited and unlimited
Strengths of the MSM(at least 2)
Clarity and Simplicity: The model clearly delineates three distinct memory stores—sensory register, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM)—making it easy to understand and apply.
Experimental Support: Studies like those by Peterson and Peterson 24 Psychology students recalling trigrams after counting backwards which concluded that short term memory has a limited duration when rehearsal is limited therefore supporting the MSM
Practical Application: It has been highly influential in both cognitive psychology and education, offering practical insights into improving memory retention (e.g., through rehearsal).
Neurophysiological Evidence: Brain studies, such as those examining patients with amnesia (e.g., HM), support the notion of separate memory stores. HM, for instance, retained STM but had impaired LTM, aligning with the MSM’s structure.
Weaknesses of MSM(at least 2)
Oversimplification: The model assumes a linear flow of information and does not account for the complexities of memory processes, such as how STM and LTM interact.
Rigid Distinction: The separation between stores is considered too rigid, as research (e.g., by Craik and Lockhart) suggests that memory is more fluid and interconnected.
Ignores Types of LTM: The MSM doesn’t differentiate between types of long-term memory, such as procedural, semantic, and episodic memory, which later models like Tulving’s expanded upon.
Rehearsal-Dependent: The model overemphasizes the role of rehearsal for transferring information from STM to LTM, whereas studies show that meaningful processing (semantic encoding) can occur without rehearsal.
Underemphasis on Individual Differences: It does not account for variations in memory abilities or strategies among individuals
What did Miller do
Conducted an research which discovered that the capacity of short term memory is 7+/- 2 and we learn this through chunking and chaining
What did Bahrick do
Conducted an experiment in the duration of long-term memory asking 392 uni students to recall who was in their high school photos from when they were back in school
What did Peterson and Peterson do
They conducted an experiment through the use of trigrams where they asked 24 psychology students to recall trigrams but avoiding rehearsal through counting down backwards they found without rehearsal at around 6 seconds, people started to forget the trigrams
