multicellular and tissue levels chapter 9

Question 1

porifera

Answer 1

sponges

Question 2

osculum

Answer 2

opening at the top where water exits

Question 3

spongocoel

Answer 3

large chamber

Question 4

spicules

Answer 4

skeleton of calcium carbonate, slender rods 3-4 rayed

Question 5

choanocytes

Answer 5

flagellated collar cells lining the inside canals, maintain current of water, they trap and phagocytize food particles

Question 6

archaeocytes

Answer 6

free cells, may function in digestion or secretion of spicules or collagen

Question 7

mesoglea

Answer 7

gelatinous “connective tissue” layer between cells

Question 8

what are the 3 types of sponges?

Answer 8

Asconoid Sponge, Sychnoid sponge, Leuconoid sponge

Question 9

Monoecious

Answer 9

having both female and males sexes in one body

Question 10

asexual reproduction includes…

Answer 10

regeneration, budding and gemmules

Question 11

gemmules

Answer 11

internal buds (dormant), masses of cells that are encapsulated and survive periods of harsh conditions

Question 12

regeneration

Answer 12

replacement of lost parts

Question 13

budding

Answer 13

external buds of tissue drop pff pf parent

Question 14

Asconoid

Answer 14

simple sponges; small, shallow-water marine sponge, vase or tube like

Question 15

sychoid sponge

Answer 15

larger than asconoid sponge; tubular body but body wall is thicker and more complex canals

Question 16

Leuconoid sponges

Answer 16

form large colonial masses each member having own osculum, flagellated chambers that led to canals then to osculum

Question 17

sessile

Answer 17

does not move

Question 18

cnidocytes

Answer 18

stinging capsules

Question 19

ectoderm

Answer 19

becomes epidermis

Question 20

endoderm

Answer 20

becomes gastrodermis

Question 21

mesoglea cells

Answer 21

jellylike layer between epidermis and gastrodermis

Question 22

what is the function of cnidae?

Answer 22

1. attachment - have stick secretions that help anchor
2. defense - spines that penetrate
3. feeding - spines with hollow tips to discharge paralyzing toxins

Question 23

Medusa

Answer 23

tentacles and mouth down, dioecious and free swimming

Question 24

polyp

Answer 24

tentacles and mouth up, asexual and sessile

Question 25

hydrozoans taxonomy

Answer 25

Kingdom: animalia Phylum: cnidarian Class: Hydrozoa

Question 26

hydrozoa habitat

Answer 26

freshwater

Question 27

hydrozoa features

Answer 27

- polyp tubular body (tentacle up) - nematocysts - cnidocytes (hold and produce nemacysts)

Question 28

nematocytes

Answer 28

the coiled filament, located on the cnidocytes allow to sting and paralyze prey

Question 29

statocyst

Answer 29

small sac containg CaCO3 moves in response to gravity

Question 30

epidermis

Answer 30

cuboidal cells outside

Question 31

Jelly fish taxonomy

Answer 31

Phylum: cnidarian Class: Scyphozoa

Question 32

the dominant stage for a jelly fish (scyphozoa)

Answer 32

medusa stage

Question 33

meaning of scyphozoa

Answer 33

"cup" and zoon "animal"

Question 34

meaning of anthozoa

Answer 34

"flower animals"

Question 35

anthozoa organism

Answer 35

Corals and Sea Anemones

Question 36

Sea anemone has which stage

Answer 36

polyp stage, no medusa stage

Question 37

sea anemone reproduction

Answer 37

Sexually (depending on the species) | Asexually (regeneration, fission)

Question 38

planula

Answer 38

solid ball of cells

Question 39

what are the 3 reefs?

Answer 39

fringing reef, barrier reef, atoll reef

Question 40

list organisms in each class Hydrozoa, Anthozoa, Scyphozoa

Answer 40

Hydrozoa: hydras Anthozoa: sea anemone Scyphozoa: jelly fish

Question 41

how does a sponge obtain food?

Answer 41

feed on plankton and bacteria, the choancyte collar collects food with finger like microvilli

Question 42

pinacocytes

Answer 42

regulate water circulation

Question 43

how do cnidarians use nematocysts to obtain food?

Answer 43

nematocysts harpoon prey, paralyze prey and engulf with mouth

Question 44

different methods of reproduction in sponge

Answer 44

sexually and asexually