Multicellular Organisms

Question 1

What are the three parts of the nervous system?

Answer 1

The Brain
The Spinal Cord
Nerves

Question 2

What is the Central Nervous System (CNS) made up of?

Answer 2

The Brain
The Spinal Cord

Question 3

What are the 3 areas of the brain?

Answer 3

The Cerebrum
The Cerebellum
The Medulla

Question 4

What is the function of the Cerebrum?

Answer 4

Memory, Thought, Intelligence and Reasoning.

Question 5

What is the function of the Cerebellum?

Answer 5

Muscle and Balance Coordination.

Question 6

What is the function of the Medulla?

Answer 6

Heart rate and Breathing rate.

Question 7

What type of cell is a Neuron?

Answer 7

A nerve cell.

Question 8

What type of information/message is carried along neurons?

Answer 8

An electrical impulse.

Question 9

What are the three Neurons?

Answer 9

Sensory Neuron
Inter Neuron
Motor Neuron

Question 10

What does a Sensory Neuron do?

Answer 10

Passes information from receptors in sense organs to the CNS

Question 11

What does an Inter Neuron do?

Answer 11

Operates within the CNS. Passes information from the Sensory Neurons to the Motor Neurons.

Question 12

What does an Inter Neuron do?

Answer 12

Passes information from the CNS to an effector to enable a response.

Question 13

What is the gap between two nerves called?

Answer 13

A synapse.

Question 14

What type of information/message is passed along a synapse?

Answer 14

Chemical

Question 15

What is the function of a reflex arc?

Answer 15

To protect the body from harm.

Question 16

What is a hormone?

Answer 16

A chemical messenger.

Question 17

What are hormones made of?

Answer 17

Protein.

Question 18

How are hormones released into the bloodstream?

Answer 18

By Endocrine Glands.

Question 19

What type of receptor does a target tissue have?

Answer 19

Complementary receptor proteins.

Question 20

What is needed by Cells for Respiration?

Answer 20

Glucose.

Question 21

What are the two types of hormones that regulate the concentration of Glucose in the blood?

Answer 21

Insulin and Glucagon.

Question 22

Where are chromosomes present in cells?

Answer 22

The nucleus.

Question 23

How many sets of chromosomes does a Haploid cell contain?

Answer 23

Only one set of chromosomes.

Question 24

How many sets of chromosomes does a diploid cell contain?

Answer 24

Two sets of chromosomes - one from each parent.

Question 25

How many sells is a unicellular organism made up of? Give two examples.

Answer 25

Unicellular Organisms are made up of only one cell. Two examples are the Amoeba and Yeast.

Question 26

How many cells is a multicellular organism made up of? Give two examples.

Answer 26

Multicellular organism are made up of many cells. Two examples are Human and Mouse.

Question 27

Why is it important that each daughter cell contains the same genetic information as the original cell?

Answer 27

To ensure that no genetic information is lost.

Question 28

What is the importance of Mitosis?

Answer 28

Mitosis provides new cells for growth and repair of damaged cells.

Question 29

What happens during the first stage of Mitosis?

Answer 29

Chromosomes in the nucleus coil up, replicate and become visible on staining.

Question 30

What happens during the second stage of Mitosis?

Answer 30

Chromosomes now consist of two identical chromatids joined by a centromere.

Question 31

What happens during stage three of Mitosis?

Answer 31

Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell and spindle fibres form.

Question 32

What happens during the fourth stage of Mitosis?

Answer 32

Spindle Fibres pull the chromatids apart. They are now chromosomes and move towards opposite poles of the cell.

Question 33

What happens during the fifth stage of Mitosis

Answer 33

Two nuclear membranes form and the cytoplasm starts to divide.

Question 34

What happens during the sixth stage of Mitosis?

Answer 34

Two diploid daughter cells are formed which contain the same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell.

Question 35

What are stem cells?

Answer 35

Stem cells in animal are unspecialised cells involved in growth and repair.

Question 36

What are the two roles of Stem cells?

Answer 36

Cell division is order to self renew. Produce specialised cells.

Question 37

Where do stem cells come from in the human body?

Answer 37

1. Embryo - at a very early stage of development. 2. Certain adult tissues throughout life.

Question 38

What are the possible uses of stem cells?

Answer 38

1. In research - drug testing. 2. In therapy - to grow or replace damaged cells. E.g. skin grafts for burn victims.

Question 39

Why can stem cells raise ethical issues?

Answer 39

Using embryonic stem cells could be seen as unethical as is destroys an embyro.

Question 40

What are multicellular organisms?

Answer 40

Multicellular Organisms are made up of more than one cell type forming tissues and organs.

Question 41

What are cells?

Answer 41

Cells are the most basic unit of life.

Question 42

What are tissues?

Answer 42

Tissues are groups of similar cells working together to perform the same function.

Question 43

What are Organs?

Answer 43

Organs are groups of similar tissues working together to perform the same funtion.

Question 44

What are Organ Systems?

Answer 44

Organ systems are made up of groups of organs which work together. E.g. Nervous system.

Question 45

What is the hierarchy that exists in multicellular organisms?

Answer 45

Cells ---> Tissues ---> Organs ---> Organ Systems

Question 46

What is a specialised cell?

Answer 46

A cell that is adapted in some way to better suit it's function.

Question 47

What is the specialised structure of a sperm cell and what is it’s function?

Answer 47

A sperm cell's specialised structure is a tail. Fuction: Allows sperm to swim to the Egg for fertilisation.

Question 48

What is the specialised structure of an Egg cell and what is it’s function?

Answer 48

The egg cell's specialised structure is that is contains a food store. Function: Provides the developing embryo with energy.

Question 49

What is the specialised structure of a red blood cell and what is its function?

Answer 49

A red blood cell's specialised structure is that it has a biconcave shape and has no nucleus. Function: Carries more oxygen around the body.

Question 50

What is the specialised structure of a root hair cell and what is it’s function?

Answer 50

A root hair cell's specialised structure is that is has a large surface area. Function: Allows the cell to absorb more water by Osmosis.