Multicellular Organisms

Question 1

What are hormones?

Answer 1

They are chemical messengers

Question 2

What releases hormones into the bloodstream?

Answer 2

The endocrine glands

Question 3

What is glucagon and what does it do?

Answer 3

Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas which triggers glucose conversion into glycogen

Question 4

What is glycogen?

Answer 4

Glycogen is stored carbohydrates

Question 5

What is the pancreas?

Answer 5

The pancreas is the organ that produces digestive enzymes and the hormones glucagon and insulin

Question 6

What is the liver?

Answer 6

The liver is the large organ involved in blood glucose conversion

Question 7

What does the cerebellum control?

Answer 7

It controls coordination, movement and balance

Question 8

What does the cerebrum control?

Answer 8

It controls memory conscious thought, intelligence and emotions

Question 9

What does the medulla control?

Answer 9

It controls breathing and heart rate

Question 10

What are the structures in the brain?

Answer 10

The cerebellum, medulla and cerebrum

Question 11

What is the nervous system?

Answer 11

It is a communication system that uses electrical impulses tp send messages from one part of the body to another
CNS= Brain + spinal cord

Question 12

What is a motor neuron?

Answer 12

Nerve cells that carry electrical impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands. This can be a rapid or slow response

Question 13

What is an inter neuron?

Answer 13

Nerve cells that are found in the CNS where they connect with other neurons

Question 14

What is a sensory neuron?

Answer 14

Nerve cells that carry electrical impulses from sense organs to the CNS

Question 15

What is a chromosome compliment?

Answer 15

The number of chromosomes found in a cell

Question 16

What is a chromosome?

Answer 16

Chromosomes are thread like structures found inside the nucleus.
They carry genetic information

Question 17

What part of the cell controls mitosis?

Answer 17

The nucleus

Question 18

What is mitosis?

Answer 18

Mitosis is the process of cell division where the nucleus is duplicated.

Question 19

What is a chromatid?

Answer 19

It is a replicated copy of a chromosome

Question 20

What are stem cells and what do they divide to produce?

Answer 20

Stem cells are unspecialised cells

they divide to produce either more stem cells or cells that develop into specialised cells

Question 21

What is the sequence of events in mitosis?

Answer 21

Start with chromosomes replicating to become visible pairs of chromatids.
Chromosomes line up along the equator and get pulled apart by spindle fibres.
2 Nuclei form.
Cell cytoplasm’s separate and 2 identical daughter cells are formed.

Question 22

What is haploid?

Answer 22

Haploid means the cell contains only 1 set of chromosomes

Question 23

Are gametes haploid or diploid?

Answer 23

Gametes are haploid

Question 24

What is an allele?

Answer 24

The form of a gene.

Different alleles will result in variation of characteristics

Question 25

What is a gene?

Answer 25

A gene is the basic unit of inheritance and many genes together make up a chromosome. Each gene controls an inherited characteristic.

Question 26

What is continuous variation?

Answer 26

Continuous variation is the polygenic inheritance of characteristics where there is a range of values from one extreme to another. (eg. height)

Question 27

What is discrete variation?

Answer 27

Discrete variation is the dingle gene inheritance of characteristics where measurements fall into distinct groups. (eg. blood types)

Question 28

What is fertilisation?

Answer 28

Fertilisation is the fusion of the nuclei of the 2 haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote, which divides to form an embryo.

Question 29

What organ produces the female gamete in animals?

Answer 29

The ovaries | they produce the female gamete ova (egg)

Question 30

What organ produces the male gamete in animals?

Answer 30

The testes | testes produce the male gamete sperm

Question 31

What organ produces the female gamete in a plant?

Answer 31

The ovaries | Ovaries contain ovules which contain the female gamete.

Question 32

What organ produces the male gamete in a plant?

Answer 32

The anther | It produces pollen grains that contain the male gamete.

Question 33

What is a zygote?

Answer 33

Zygotes are produced when 2 haploid cells fuse together to produce a diploid cell.

Question 34

What is a gamete?

Answer 34

Gametes are sex cells and can either be male or female.

Question 35

What is diploid?

Answer 35

Diploid means the cell contains 2 sets of chromosomes.

Question 36

What is transported in xylem vessels?

Answer 36

Water and dissolved minerals

Question 37

What is transported in phloem?

Answer 37

Sugar/food

Question 38

What is xylem made from and is it dead or alive?

Answer 38

Xylem are tubes of hollow dead cells | They are strengthened by rings of lignin.

Question 39

What are plant organs?

Answer 39

Plant organs are roots, stems and leaves

Question 40

What are the 7 parts of a leaf?

Answer 40

Palisade mesophyll, Upper epidermis, Spongy mesophyll, vein (consisting of phloem and xylem), Guard cells. Stomata, Lower epidermis

Question 41

How do water and minerals move into the plant?

Answer 41

It enters through root hairs via osmosis and are the transported in xylem vessels.

Question 42

Why do xylem cells have rings of lignin?

Answer 42

To support the cell and withstand changes of pressure as water moves through the plant.

Question 43

What is transpiration?

Answer 43

Transpiration is the process of water moving through a plant and its evaporation through the stomata

Question 44

What factors affect rate of transpiration and do they increase or decrease it?

Answer 44

Increased Wind Speed = Increase Increased Humidity = Decrease Increased Temperature = Increase Increased Surface Area = Increase

Question 45

What is the function of a guard cell?

Answer 45

It controls the opening and closing of stoma and when closed it can prevent water loss

Question 46

What is the function of the upper epidermis?

Answer 46

This is a single layer of cells containing few or no chloroplasts. The cells are fairly transparent and allow most of the light to pass through to the cells below them.

Question 47

What is the function of the lower epidermis?

Answer 47

The lower epidermis contains stomata cells that help control water loss and help regulate gas exchange.