Multiple Alleles/ Mutation

Question 1

Multiple alleles

Answer 1

3 or more of the same gene that code for a single trait

Question 2

In humans blood is determined by

Answer 2

3 alleles A,B and O

Question 3

Humans can only inherit

Answer 3

2 alleles

Question 4

Which are recessive and which are dominant

Answer 4

A and B is dominant and O is recessive

Question 5

Blood type A is
Blood type B is
Blood type AB is
Blood type O is

Answer 5

An antigen
an antigen
an antigen/ universal recipient
universal donor

Question 6

Mutation is

Answer 6

a sudden genetic change in the base pair sequence of DNA

Question 7

Mutation can be

Answer 7

harmful, beneficial, neutral

Question 8

If it is:
Harmful
Beneficial
Neutral

Answer 8

Organism is less able to survive
genetic disorders, cancer, death

Allows organism to better survive
provides genetic variation

neither harmful nor helpful to organisms

Question 9

Mutations can occur in these two ways

Answer 9

Chromosomal or gene/point

Question 10

chromosomal mutation

Answer 10

• Less common than a gene mutation
• Affects many genes rather than just one
• Caused by failure of the homologous
• Chromosome pairs no longer look the same

Question 11

Examples of chromosomal mutation

Answer 11

Down’s syndrome(trisomy 21)-47 chromosomes 1 extra chromosome at pair #21

Turner’s syndrome

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Question 12

Turner’s syndrome

Answer 12

only 45 chromosomes, missing a sex chromosome

girls affected- short, slow growth, heart problems

Question 13

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Answer 13

47 chromosomes, extra X chromosome (XXY)

boys affected- low testosterone levels, underdeveloped muscles, sparse facial hair

Question 14

Down’s syndrome(trisomy 21)

Answer 14

47 chromosomes 1 extra chromosome at pair #21

Question 15

What happens if an animal has an extra chromosome compared to plants

Answer 15

it is fatal for animals but it makes plants hardier and larger

Question 16

Gene/Point Mutation

Answer 16

Most common type of mutation and least drastic, only one gene is altered

Question 17

Substitution occurs when

Answer 17

one base pair is substituted

Ex: one nucleotide containing cystine is substituted for one with guanine

Question 18

Insertion occurs when

Answer 18

an extra base pair is added to a sequence of bases

Question 19

Deletion occurs when

Answer 19

a base pair is deleted from a sequence. A single nucleotide or entire sequences of nucleotide can be removed.

Question 20

Codon

Answer 20

When a group of three base pairs that codes for a DNA or RNA sequence

Question 21

Frameshift mutation occurs when

Answer 21

there is an insertion or deletion of the base pairs from the DNA structure
Ex: Recessive gene mutations

Question 22

Sickle Cell Anemia

Answer 22

Red blood cells are sickle shaped instead of round and cannot carry enough oxygen to the body tissues -

Question 23

What does Sickle Cell protect people from

Answer 23

it protects people from malaria (heterozygous condition)

Question 24

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 24

mucous builds up in the lungs

Question 25

Tay-Sachs Disease

Answer 25

deterioration of the nervous system

Question 26

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 26

An amino acid in milk that cannot be broken down and it builds up

Question 27

What does PKU cause and who is tested for it

Answer 27

it causes mental retardation, newborns are tested for it

Question 28

Dominant gene mutation:

Answer 28

Huntington's Disease, Dwarfism

Question 29

Huntington's Disease

Answer 29

gradual deterioration of brain tissue, shows up in middle age and is fatal

Question 30

Dwarfism

Answer 30

variety of skeletal abnormalities.