Multiple Choice

Question 1

What is the primary function of glucose in cells?
A. Energy storage and fuel or
B. Protein synthesis?

Answer 1

A. Energy storage and fuel

Question 2

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
A. Nucleus or
b. Mitochondria

Answer 2

B mitochondria

Question 3

What is the main difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
A. Ability to reproduce
B. Membrane bound nucleus

Answer 3

B. Membrane bound nucleus
( prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles)

Question 4

What process involves the movement of water molecules across a membrane?
A.) diffusion
B. ) osmosis

Answer 4

B. Osmosis

Question 5

What are the building blocks of proteins?
A. Amino acids
B.) nucleotides

Answer 5

A.) amino acids

Question 6

What structure contains genetic material in eukaryotic cells?
A. ) nucleus
b.) plasma membrane

Answer 6

A.) nucleus

Question 7

What type of organism makes its own food through photosynthesis?
A.) heterotrophic
B.) autotrophic

Answer 7

B.) autotrophic
(Autotrophs can produce its own food from sunlight, they are at the base of food chains)

Question 8

Which molecule stores genetic information?
A) lipid
B.) nucleic acids

Answer 8

B. Nucleic acids

Question 9

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
A.) energy production
B.) selective barrier

Answer 9

B. Selective barrier

Question 10

Which type of organism belongs to neither the plant or animal kingdom?
A) protist b) bacteria

Answer 10

A. ) protist

Question 11

What is main component of plant cell walls?
A. Proteins b, cellulose

Answer 11

B. Cellulose

Question 12

Which process converts light energy into chemical energy?
A. Respiration
B. Photosynthesis

Answer 12

B. Photosynthesis

Question 13

What are genes made of?
A. Lipids
B. DNA segments

Answer 13

B. DNA segments

Question 14

What is a complex carbohydrate found in plants?
A. ) proteins
B. ) starch

Answer 14

B. Starch

Question 15

Which theory states all living things are made of cells?
A. Atomic theory
B.) cell theory

Answer 15

B. Cell theory

Question 16

What are nucleotides the building blocks of?
A.) proteins
B.) dna and rna

Answer 16

B. DNA and rna

Question 17

What process involves molecules moving from high to low concentration?
A. Diffusion
B active transport

Answer 17

A. Diffusion

Question 18

What type of organisms must obtain food from other sources
A. Autotrophic
B. Heterotropic

Answer 18

B. Hererotrophic
( heterotrophs can not make their own food, they are consumers that must eat other plants or animals for energy)

Question 19

What structure is found in plant cells but not animal cells?
A. Cell walls
B. Plasma membrane

Answer 19

A. Cell walls

Question 20

What is the primary energy source for cellular respiration?
A.) water
B.) glucose

Answer 20

B. Glucose

Question 21

What process results in the formation of four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
A. Cytokinesis
B.) meiosis

Answer 21

B. Meiosis

Question 22

In a food web what is the primary source of energy?
A. Herbivores
B. Sunlight

Answer 22

B sunlight

Question 23

What term describes an organism that shows the dominant form of a trait and has two different alleles (Tt)
A. Homozygous recessive
B.) heterozygous

Answer 23

B. Heterozygous

•Heterozygous means the organism has two different alleles for a particular gene: one dominant allele (T) and one recessive allele (t).
•The dominant allele (T) determines the organism’s outward appearance (phenotype), so the organism will exhibit the dominant trait.
•The recessive allele (t) is masked in the presence of the dominant allele.

Question 24

Which scientist is known as the “Father of Genetics “ a. Charles Darwin
B. Gregor Mendel

Answer 24

B. Mendel

The father of genetics is Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk and scientist. Mendel conducted groundbreaking experiments with pea plants in the mid-1800s, discovering the fundamental laws of inheritance. His work revealed how traits are passed from one generation to the next through discrete units of inheritance, now known as genes. Mendel’s laws of inheritance (the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment) laid the foundation for modern genetics.

Question 25

What is the role of ATP in cells? A. Break down proteins B. Energy storage and transfer

Answer 25

B. ) energy storage and transfer ATP (adenosine triphosphate) plays a crucial role in cells as the primary energy currency. It stores and provides energy for many cellular processes, including: 1. Cellular Work: ATP powers a wide range of cellular activities, including:       •   Active transport: Moving molecules across cell membranes against their concentration gradient (e.g., sodium-potassium pump).       •   Protein synthesis: Assembling amino acids into proteins.       •   Muscle contraction: Facilitating the sliding of actin and myosin filaments.       •   Cell division: Supporting the processes involved in mitosis and meiosis. 2. Energy Transfer: ATP stores energy in its high-energy phosphate bonds. When a cell needs energy, ATP is broken down into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), releasing energy that is used for cellular functions. 3. Metabolism: ATP is involved in both anabolic (energy-consuming) and catabolic (energy-releasing) reactions, facilitating the synthesis of molecules and the breakdown of nutrients. In summary, ATP is vital for nearly all cellular functions that require energy. Without ATP, cells would be unable to perform basic tasks essential for life.

Question 26

In energy pyramids what percentage of energy is typically transferred to the next level? A. 90% b. 50% c. 10%

Answer 26

A. 10% ( this one was wrong on your study sheet. Check the info. And your notes please . You had 90% marked. However : In an energy pyramid, approximately 10% of the energy is transferred to the next trophic level. This is known as the 10% rule. Explanation:    •   At each trophic level (e.g., producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers), energy is passed to the next level. However, only about 10% of the energy from one level is transferred to the next.    •   The remaining 90% of energy is lost as heat or used for metabolic processes like movement, reproduction, and maintaining body temperature. For example:    •   Producers (plants) capture solar energy and use it for photosynthesis.    •   Primary consumers (herbivores) eat plants, but only about 10% of the energy from the plants is transferred to the herbivores.    •   Secondary consumers (carnivores) eat the herbivores, but only about 10% of the energy from the herbivores is transferred to them. This significant loss of energy at each trophic level explains why there are fewer organisms at higher levels of the food chain.

Question 27

What are enzymes? A. Genetic material b.) biological catalysts

Answer 27

B.) biological catalysts

Question 28

What are enzymes? A. Genetic material b.) biological catalysts

Answer 28

B.) biological catalysts Yes, enzymes are biological catalysts. Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms

Question 29

Which law states that allele pairs separate during gamete formation? A. Law of independent assortment B. Law of segregation

Answer 29

B. Law of segregation Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that each individual has two alleles for each gene, one inherited from each parent, and these alleles separate (segregate) during the formation of gametes (egg and sperm cells). As a result, each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.

Question 30

What represents the physical appearance of a an organism? A. A phenotype B. A prototype

Answer 30

A. Phenotype

Question 31

In a food chain what are producers? A. Carnivores B. Organisms that make ( produce) their own food

Answer 31

B. Organisms that make their own food

Question 32

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes link up at the cells equator? A. Anaphase B. Metaphase

Answer 32

B. Metaphase

Question 33

Which term describes having two identical alleles for a trait? A. Heterozygous B. Homozygous

Answer 33

B. Homozygous The term for having two identical alleles for a trait is homozygous.    •   Homozygous dominant (e.g., TT) means having two identical dominant alleles.    •   Homozygous recessive (e.g., tt) means having two identical recessive alleles. In both cases, the alleles are the same for a particular gene.

Question 34

The gene chromosome theory states that A. Genes are made of protein B. That genes are located on chromosomes

Answer 34

B. Genes are located on chromosomes

Question 35

Which best describes a recessive trait? A. Always expressed in a phenotype B. Only expressed when two recessive alleles are present

Answer 35

B only expressed when two recessive alleles Are present

Question 36

How many chromosomes does a human body normally contain? A. 32. B) 46

Answer 36

46

Question 37

What is the primary function of an ecosystem? A) to produce oxygen B. To maintain energy flow

Answer 37

To maintain energy flow and nutrient cycling

Question 38

Which level of the energy pyramid has the most available energy? A. Primary consumers B. Producers

Answer 38

Producers

Question 39

What type of cells undergo meiosis? A. Reproductive cells B muscle cells

Answer 39

A. Reproductive cells

Question 40

What is the main evidence for evolution A fossil records B. Modern technologies

Answer 40

A. Fossil records

Question 41

What happens when enzymes are exposed to very high temperatures? A. They become denatured B. They multiply

Answer 41

A. Denatured When enzymes are exposed to very high temperatures, they can denature, which means their three-dimensional structure becomes altered. This change in structure affects the enzyme’s active site, where it binds to substrates, preventing it from functioning properly.