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Praxis > Multiple Choice PLT > Flashcards

Multiple Choice PLT Flashcards

1
Q

Bandura

A

behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning

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2
Q

Bloom

A

develop levels of intellectual behavior important in learning

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3
Q

Bruner

A

constructivist
learning is an active process
inspired spiral curriculum

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4
Q

Dewey

A

progressive education
schools reflect needs of society
critical thinking
democracy

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5
Q

Piaget

A

believed children construct an understanding of the world around them

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6
Q

Vygotsky

A

saw reasoning as emerging through practical activity in a social environment

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7
Q

Kohlberg

A

stages of moral development
pre-convential morality
conventional morality
post-conventional morality

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8
Q

metacognition

A

awareness and understanding of one’s own thought process

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9
Q

transfer

A

take what one has learned in one context and use it in another

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10
Q

self-efficacy

A

people’s beliefs about their capabilities to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance

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11
Q

self-regulation

A

capacity to control one’s impulses to have the power to stop a behavior or start a behavior

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12
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

Pavlov

predictable response to a stimuli

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13
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Skinner
changing behavior by the use of reinforcement
positive or negative conditioning

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14
Q

Zone of Proximal Development

A

Vygotsky

difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help

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15
Q

cognitive domain of human development

A

development in intellectual/mental abilities

thinking, reasoning, understanding

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16
Q

physical domain of human development

A

mastering movement, balance, fine and gross motor skills

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17
Q

social domain of human development

A

ability to make and maintain relationships

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18
Q

moral domain of human development

A

formation of a system of values

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19
Q

relationship between Learning Theory and human development

A

Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a world view, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained.

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20
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act

A

ADA

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21
Q

Individuals with Disabilities Act

A

IDEA

free and appropriate public education

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22
Q

Section 504, Rehabilitation Act

A

504
be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance

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23
Q

Thorndike

A

connectionism

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24
Q

Watson

A

coined behaviorism

prediction and control of behavior

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25
Q

Maslow

A 
Hierarchy of Needs 
physiological
safety
love/belonging
esteem
self-actualization
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26
Q

Skinner

A

any human action is the result of the consequences of the same action

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27
Q

Erikson

A 
trust v. mistrust
autonomy v. shame and doubt
initiative v. guilt
industry v. inferiority
idenity v. role confusion
28
Q

self-determination

A

intrinsic motivation to have an interest in learning, valuing of education

29
Q

attribution

A

process by which individuals explain the causes of behavior and events

30
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

examples,

31
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

inner motivation

32
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

mental stress or discomfort experienced by an individual who holds two or more contradictory beliefs

33
Q

positive reinforcement

A

event or stimulus is presented as a consequence of a behavior and behavior increases

34
Q

negative reinforcement

A

when a certain stimulus is removed after a particular behavior is exhibited

35
Q

Cognitivism

A

Cognitive development

how we think and gain knowledge

36
Q

schema

A

describes an organized pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them

37
Q

information processing

A

humans process the information they receive rather than merely responding to stimuli

38
Q

mapping

A

concept begin with main idea and then branch out with specific topics

39
Q

Social learning theory

A

Bandura

learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context can occur through direct observation or instruction

40
Q

modeling

A

learning occurs through observation

41
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

describes how the individual, the environment and behavior influence one another

42
Q

vicarious learning

A

instructional method that occurs when learners see and or hear a learning situation
Bandura

43
Q

Constructivism

A

people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences

44
Q

Behaviorism

A

John Watson

45
Q

scope

A

depth and breadth of the content to be taught at a specific grade level and development

46
Q

sequence

A

order in which the content should be taught for the best learning

47
Q

Bloom’s Taxonomy

A 
KCAASE
Knowledge
Comprehension
application
analysis
synthesis
evaluation
48
Q

remediation

A

reversing or stopping a behavior

49
Q

enrichment

A

something is made more valuable

50
Q

thematic instruction

A

organization of a curriculum around macro “themes”

integrates basic disciplines like reading, math, science

51
Q

Inductive Reasoning

A

supply strong evidence for the truth of the conclusion

bottom-up logic

52
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

process of reasoning from one or more statements to reach a logical conclusion
top-down logic

53
Q

Direct Instruction

A 
explicit teaching
drill and practice
lecture
demonstrations
guides for reading, listening and viewing
54
Q

Indirect Instruction

A 
problem solving
inquiry
case studies
concept mapping
reading for meaning
55
Q

Cloze procedures

A

used to gather information about reader’s abilities

a passage from text that contains blanks where words deliberately omitted

56
Q

independent instruction

A 
research projects
learning contracts
learning centers
computer mediated instruction
distance learning
57
Q

Experiential instruction

A 
field trips
experiments
role play
games
observations
58
Q

formative

A

used in order to modify teaching and learning activities to improve student attainment

59
Q

summative

A

used to evaluate student learning

60
Q

diagnostic

A

gathering and careful evaluation of detailed data using students knowledge and skills in a given learning area

61
Q

achievement test

A

measure skills and knowledge learned in a given grade

standardized tests

62
Q

aptitude test

A

determine future performance

example: SAT

63
Q

scaled score

A

raw score converted onto a consistent and standardized scale

64
Q

raw score

A

total number of correct questions

65
Q

validity

A

measures what it is supposed to measure

66
Q

reliability

A

having the same score on a same test

67
Q

members of an IEP team

A

parents of the child
not less than one regular education teacher
not less than one special education teacher
representative from the local education agency

Praxis (3 decks)

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