Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pathophysiology Exam > Multiple Interacting Systems > Flashcards

Multiple Interacting Systems Flashcards

Burns, Burn Shock, Fluid replacement/maintenance calculation, hypermetabolic phase, compartment syndrome, renal failure, multiple organ dysfunction disorder

1
Q

What does homeostasis require from the human body?

A

A balance between health and disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common burn a patient may experience?

A

Thermal burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the medical definition of a burn?

A

A traumatic injury to the skin that occurs primarily due to thermal or other acute exposures such as extreme cold, electricity, radiation or chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the most common burn a child may experience?

A

Scalds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the alternative name for a first-degree burn?

A

Superficial burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the alternative name for a second-degree burn?

A

A partial thickness burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the alternative name for a third-degree burn?

A

Full-thickness burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does it mean if the patient has a fourth-degree burn?

A

The burn has extended into the muscle, bone or joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of measuring the total burn surface area?

A

It measures the total percentage of the body surface area that is effected by burns?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the six main functions of the skin?

A
  • Protects body from external environment
  • Regulated body temperature
  • Detects cutaneous sensations
  • Excretes/absorbs substances
  • Synthesizes vitamin D
  • Stores blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does multiple organ dysfunction syndrome refer to?

A

The progressive dysfunction of two or more organ systems resulting from an uncontrolled inflammatory response to a severe illness or injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or False:
The organ dysfunction can progress to organ failure and death

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is multiple organ dysfunction syndrome managed?

A

Ideally by eliminating or controlling the inital inflammation, prevention, and support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the primary multiple organ dysfunction syndrome refer to?

A

The immediate local or mild systemic response to the triggering event or illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the main function of the outer cell of the epidermis?

A

Acts as a protection layer that forms a watertight seal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the main purpose of the deeper layers of the epidermis?

A

Contains pigment to protect against ultaviolet radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of burn only effects the epidermis layer?

A

A superficial burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of burn effects the epidermis and portions of the dermis?

A

A superficial, partial-thickness burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of burn effects the deep dermal layers, hair follicles and glandular tissue?

A

A deep, partial-thickness burn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of burn effects all the layers of the dermis and the underlying subcutaneous tissues?

A

Full-thickness burns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the dermis layer refer to?

A

Tought, elastic connective tissue which contains specialized structures including nerve endings, blood vessels, sweat glands, oil glands, and hair follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If a patient comes into the clinic with a superficial burn, what signs and symptoms would the nurse be able to notice?

A
  • Pain
  • Dry skin
  • Red skin
  • Blanch with pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Would there be blisters present on a patient with superficial burns?

A

No blisters would be present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In reference to a patient with a superficial, partial thickness burn, where would blisters form?

A

Blister forms between the epidermis and dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
In reference to a patient with a superficial, partial thickness burn, what would the blister look like?
- Red or Pink in colour - Weeping or moist - Shiny appearence
25
In reference to a patient with a deep, partial thickness burn, what would the blister look like?
- Blisters and bullae in deeper tissue - Pale ivory to red in colour (Variable mottled colour)
26
True or False: A patient with a deep, partial thickness burn will blanch
False
27
When is the palm method used to measure burns?
When a quick estimate of te burn surface area is required for small or patchy burns
28
In reference to full thickness burns, how are scars and wounds contracture minimized?
By early removal of the dead tissue and skin grafting
29
In reference to full thickness burns, why does the burn wound become dry and leathery?
The elastic dermis is completely lost
30
Why might a patient with full thickness burns not feel pain in the injured area?
The tactile receptors, thermoreceptors, and nociceptors are permanently damaged
31
Why might a patient with full thickness burns still complain about pain in the injured area?
The partial thickness burns intermix with the full thickness burn
32
Why do full thickness burns require hospitalization?
It takes more than three weeks to heal and requires hospitalization to close the area with grafts
33
What colour is a full thickness burn?
Colours can range from dry white, grey, brown, maroon or charred black
34
What do full thickness burns usually result in?
Eschar
35
In reference to the palm method, the palm of the patient's hand (excluding the fingers) is approximately what percent of the total body surface?
0.5%
36
In reference to the palm method, the palm of the patient's hand (including the fingers) is approximately what percent of the total body surface?
1%
37
In reference to the rule of 9s, the anterior and posterior head and neck make up what percent of the total body surface?
9%
38
In reference to the rule of 9s, the anterior and posterior upper limbs make up what percent of the total body surface?
18%
39
In reference to the rule of 9s, the anterior and posterior lower limbs make up what percent of the total body surface?
36%
40
In reference to the rule of 9s, the anterior and posterior trunk make up what percent of the total body surface?
36%
41
In reference to the rule of 9s, the perineum makes up what percent of the total body surface?
1%
42
What are the signs and symptoms of smoke inhalation within a patient?
- Cough, stridor, wheeze - Hoarseness - Facial or neck burns - Nares with inflammation or singed hair - Burnt matter in mouth or nose - Edema of oropharynx - Depressed mental status - Respiratory distress
43
In patients with caron monoxide poisoning, how long should a patient be treated with 100% oxygen?
Serum levels of carboxyhemoglobin level fall below 10%
44
In reference to a burn-related pulmonary injury, what predisposes the patient to pulmonary infections and sepsis?
Thermal and chemical damage to the major airways and lung parenchyma
45
In reference to a burn-related pulmonary injury, why would a patient require endotracheal intubation?
Upper airway occlusion caused by inhaled superheat air blisters and edema
46
List six potential burn complications?
- Hypovalemia - Hypothermia - Infections/Tetanus - Formation of Eschar - Renal or hepatic failure
47
What leads to compartment syndrome?
When the pressure inside the burned area increases due to edema/fluid overload
48
What is escharotomy?
Incision through the eschar
49
What is fasciotomy?
Incision through all the fascial layers
50
In reference to compartment syndrome, why might an escharotomy or fasciotomy need to be performed on a patient?
To release pressure off the burn area
51
What is hemodialysis?
A machine that filters wastes, salts and fluid from the blood due the inadequate kidney function
52
How many times does a patient need to go for hemodialysis per week?
x 3/Week for 4
53
What are some indications for pulmonary system failure?
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome - Dyspnea - Patchy infiltrates - Refractory hypoxemia - Respiratory acidosis - Abnormal oxygen levels - Pulmonary hypertension
54
What are some indications for gastrointestinal system failure?
- Abdominal distention - Intolerance to enteral feedings - Paralytic ileus - Upper and lower GI bleeding - Diarrhea - Ischemic colitis - Mucosal ulceration - Decreased bowel sounds - Bacterial overgrowth in stool
55
What are some indications for hepatic system failure?
- Increased serum bilirubin level - Increased liver enzyme levels - Increased serum ammonia level - Decreased serum transferrin level - Jaundice - Hepatomegaly
56
What are some indications for metabolic system failure?
- Decreased lean body mass - Muscle wasting - Severe weight loss - Negative nitrogen balance - Hyperglycemia - Increased serum lactate levels - Decreased serum albumin - Decreased serum transferrin - Decreased prealbumin - Decreased retinol-binding protein
56
What are some indications for renal system failure?
- Increased serum creatinine level - Increased blood urea nitrogen - Oliguria, anuria, or polyuria consistent with prerenal azotemia
57
What are some indications for hyperdynamic (high-output) cardiovascular failure?
- Decreased pulmonary capillary wedge - Decreased systemi vascular resistance - Decreased right atrial pressure - Decreased left ventricular stroke work index - Increased oxygen consumption - Increased cardiac output - Increased cardiac index - Increased heart rate
58
What are some indications for hypodynamic (low-output) cardiovascular failure?
- Increased systemic vascular resistence - Increased right atrial pressure - Increased left ventricular stroke work index - Decreased oxygen delivery and consumption - Decreased cardiac output - Decreased cardiac index
59
What is a common complication of hemodialysis?
Hypotension
60
Why would a nurse monitor a patient's blood pressure, heart rate, and fluid status during hemodialysis?
To assess for complications such as hypotension, air embolisms, vascular access problems, hemolysis of red blood cells or dialyzer reactions
61
Why might small amount of heparin be added to the dialyzer for hemodialysis?
To prevent clotting
62
What basic compenents are required for hemodialysis?
- Pressure gradients - Dialysate - Artificial kidney - Vascular access
63
How does hemodialysis operate?
A pressure gradient with dialysate fluid facilitates the removal of toxic waste products
64
The fluid runs in a _____________ flow to the patient’s blood flow within the artificial kidney
counter current
65
Why should disinfectants not be used on a burn wound?
It inhibits the healing process
66

Pathophysiology Exam (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions