Multiple Sclerosis

Question 2

Define MS.

Answer 2

Question 3

How is MS classified? Describe each.

Answer 3

Question 4

How would you define a relapse or attack of MS?

Answer 4

Question 5

The prevalence of MS is increasing and increases with latitude (more UVB exposure). What is the gender distribution of MS?

Answer 5

3:1 F:M

Question 6

What are the RFs for MS?

Answer 6

Question 7

Explain the pathophysiology of MS.

Answer 7

Question 8

The symptoms of MS can be separated into optic, spinal cord ± brain, cerebellar and autonomic symptoms.
List the optic symptoms.

Answer 8

Question 9

What is Lhermitte’s sign and what does it indicate?

Answer 9

Question 10

What is Uhthoff’s phenomenon?

Answer 10

Uhthoff’s phenomenon refers to a temporary worsening of neurological symptoms in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) or other demyelinating disorders, typically triggered by an increase in body temperature.

Question 11

The symptoms of MS can be separated into optic, spinal cord ± brain, cerebellar and autonomic symptoms.
List the symptoms of spinal cord/ brain (non-cerebellar) involvement.

Answer 11

Question 12

The symptoms of MS can be separated into optic, spinal cord ± brain, cerebellar and autonomic symptoms.
List the symptoms of cerebellar involvement.

Answer 12

Question 13

The symptoms of MS can be separated into optic, spinal cord ± brain, cerebellar and autonomic symptoms.
List the symptoms indicative of autonomic dysfunction.

Answer 13

Question 14

What are the ddx for MS?

Answer 14

Question 15

List all the symptoms of MS.

Answer 15

Question 16

What exam findings would you expect in an MS patient on:
1. general inspection

Answer 16

Question 17

What exam findings would you expect in an MS patient on:
1. Cranial Nerve Exam

Answer 17

Question 18

What exam findings would you expect in an MS patient on:
1. Cerebellar Exam

Answer 18

Question 19

What exam findings would you expect in an MS patient on:
1. UL/LL Motor Exam

Answer 19

Question 20

What exam findings would you expect in an MS patient on:
1. UL/LL sensory Exam

Answer 20

Question 21

What special test can be offered for the exam portion of an MS case?

Answer 21

Question 22

Outline all the possible exam findings for MS.

Answer 22

Question 23

What criteria would you use to diagnose R-R MS? Explain the criteria.

Answer 23

Question 24

What criteria would you use to diagnose primary progressive MS? Explain the criteria.

Answer 24

Mc donald

Question 25

How are oligoclonal bands found?

Answer 25

Question 26

What would expect to see on MRI brain and spine of MS? What type of MRI is it?

Answer 26

Question 27

What is the purpose of Visual Evoked Potentials and SomatoSensory Evoked Potentials in the setting of MS?

Answer 27

Question 28

What investigations would you order to aid in the diagnosis of MS.

Answer 28

Question 29

What are poor prognostic factors of RRMS?

Answer 29

Question 30

What is the definition of an acute relapse of MS?

Answer 30

Question 31

Outline the acute management of an MS relapse.

Answer 31

Question 32

In the acute management of MS, what should be co-prescribed with the steroids?

Answer 32

Question 33

What is the 1st line long term management for R-RMS?

Answer 33

Interferon beta 1a/1b Glatiramer Acetate Teriflunomide

Question 34

What is the 2nd line long term management for R-RMS?

Answer 34

Dimethyl Fumarate (BG12) Fingolimod

Question 35

What is the 3rd line long term management for R-RMS?

Answer 35

Ocrelizumab Natalizumab

Question 36

How is the following medication administered? List the SEs. 1.Interferon beta 1a/1b

Answer 36

Question 37

How is the following medication administered? 1. Glatiramer Acetate

Answer 37

Question 38

How is the following medication administered? List the contraindications. 1. Teriflunomide

Answer 38

Question 39

How is the following medication administered? List the SEs. 1. Dimethyl Fumarate

Answer 39

Question 40

How is the following medication administered? What precautions should be taken for this medication. 1. Fingolimod

Answer 40

Question 41

How is the following medication administered? List the SEs. 1. Ocrelizumab

Answer 41

Question 42

How is the following medication administered? List the SEs. What test should be done before starting a patient on this drug? 1. Natalizumab

Answer 42

Question 43

What is the long term management of primary progressive MS?

Answer 43

Question 44

What is the long term management of secondary progressive MS? How is it administered?

Answer 44

Question 45

The treatment of MS requires an MDT approach to manage symptoms. What is involved in symptom management of spasticity?

Answer 45

Question 46

The treatment of MS requires an MDT approach to manage symptoms. What is involved in symptom management of fatigue?

Answer 46

Question 47

The treatment of MS requires an MDT approach to manage symptoms. What is involved in symptom management of neuropathic pain?

Answer 47

Question 48

The treatment of MS requires an MDT approach to manage symptoms. What is involved in symptom management of bladder dysfunction?

Answer 48

Question 49

The treatment of MS requires an MDT approach to manage symptoms. What is involved in symptom management of depression?

Answer 49

Question 50

Outline the full management of MS.

Answer 50