Multistore model Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is the definition of memory span?
The sequence length that yields perfect recall on 50% of the trials
Can be a non-integer number (e.g., 6.5)
What is the magic number related to memory span according to Miller (1956)?
7±2 chunks
This played a historical role in the cognitive revolution.
What is a better estimate for memory span according to Cowan (2001)?
4±1 chunks
How did C.F. improve his memory span?
By using encoding and retrieval strategies, including chunking
Example: Chunking ‘3492’ as ‘3 min 49.2 sec’.
What is the purpose of the USA Memory Championship?
To compete in various memory-related events such as names and faces, speed numbers, and speed cards.
What are the three types of memory stores in the Multi-Store Model?
- Sensory register(s)
- Short-term store
- Long-term store
What control processes are involved in the Multi-Store Model?
- Attention
- Rehearsal
- Organization
- Retrieval
- Elaboration
What evidence supports the existence of iconic memory?
George Sperling’s partial report paradigm
What is the difference between short-term store (STS) and long-term store (LTS) in terms of error patterns?
STS uses a phonological code, while LTS uses an elaborate code focused on semantics.
What effect does faster presentation rates have on serial position effects?
Faster rates affect the early portion of the curve but do not affect the recency portion.
What is the Brown-Peterson distractor task designed to measure?
The retention interval and the impact of retroactive interference
What is an example of a single-dissociation in neuropsychology?
A TV set that has sound but no picture shows that sound and picture are not completely independent.
What is a double-dissociation in neuropsychology?
A pattern where two tasks depend on separate mechanisms as evidenced by two patients with different brain lesions.
What was the performance pattern of Patient H.M.?
Good STM, impaired LTM
What was the performance pattern of Patient K.F.?
Good LTM, impaired STM
What does the double dissociation between Patients H.M. and K.F. support?
The multi-store model of memory
What does the depth of processing determine?
Transfer to long-term memory
Fill in the blank: The Multi-Store Model was proposed by _______.
Atkinson & Shiffrin
What is the role of rehearsal in memory according to Rundus (1970)?
Items that are rehearsed more often develop a stronger trace in long-term memory.
What is the significance of inference to the best explanation in cognitive science?
It allows for drawing inferences about the organization of the mind based on behavioral data.
What happens to the recency effect in delayed free recall?
It is abolished after a delay period.
What is the result of interference during retention intervals?
It leads to a significant drop in recall performance.
What determines transfer to long-term memory (LTM)?
Depth of Processing
Includes shallow processing and speechlike rehearsal
What factors influence memory capacity?
External factors:
* List length
* Presentation rate
Internal factors:
* Instructions
* Depth of processing
