Multisystem Infections

Question 1

virulence attributes required to cause multisystem infections

Answer 1

antigenic variation
serum resistance
cloaking (with host proteins to avoid immune system)
cell invasion
tissue invasion

Question 2

How is Lyme disease Borrelia virulent?

Answer 2

recombinatines VIs locus-antigenic variation

Question 3

Which species binds to, enters, and replicates in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells?

Answer 3

Rickettsia

Question 4

Which species binds to, enters, and repicates in late endosomes of netorphils

Answer 4

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Question 5

Which species binds to , enters and replicates in early endosomes of monocytic cells?

Answer 5

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Question 6

Define transstadial transmission

Answer 6

pathogen is transmitted/maintained in the different life stages of the same individual vector

Question 7

Transovarial transmission

Answer 7

pathogen is transmitted from one vector generation to next generation

Question 8

Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis vector, stain, location, shape, site of replication

Answer 8

tick
gram negative
bacilli
intracellular
replicates in vacuoles

Question 9

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Rickettsiosis) vector, stain, location, shape, site of replication

Answer 9

tick
gram negative
bacilli
intracellular
replicates in cytoplasm

Question 10

Lyme disease vector, stain, location, shape, site of replication

Answer 10

tick
gram negative
spirochete
extracellular
replicates outside of host cell

Question 11

Zoonotic infection

Answer 11

I scapularis (lyme disease, anaplasmosis)

Question 12

Lyme disease occurs most often in what season

Answer 12

summer

Question 13

I scapularis infections are transmitted usually by what form of the species?

Answer 13

nymph

Question 14

Ehrlichiosis stain, shape, replication site, special features, invades what type cells

Answer 14

gram negative
coccobacilli
vacuoles
NO LPS OR PEPTIDOGLYCAN
type IV secretion
invades monocytes, neutrophils

Question 15

Symptoms of Anaplasmosis and Ehrlichiosis infections

Answer 15

fever, chills
headache, myalgia
anorexia
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia
increased liver aminotransferases

Question 16

Unique feature of Rickettsia rickettsii

Answer 16

transovarial AND transstadial transmission in ticks

Question 17

Where are cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever mostly found?

Answer 17

in the eastern belt Missouri area horizontally

Question 18

Rickettsia rickettsii stain, shape, site of replication, type of cell invaded

Answer 18

Gram negative
coccobacilli
replicates in the cytoplasm
invades endothelial cells–moves within and to new cells by actin polymerization

Question 19

Symptoms of Rickettsiosis

Answer 19

fever
malaise
headache
myalgia
anorexia
abdominal pain
nausea
RASH 3-5 DAYS AFTER ONSET (begins at ankles, wrists, forehead)

Question 20

Where is LYme disease frequently seen?

Answer 20

WI, MN, Northeastern US

Question 21

Borrelia burgdorferi tick infects humans in what form?

Answer 21

Nymph

Question 22

Borrelia burgdorferi stain, shape, any LPS/toxins/special secretion systems?

Answer 22

gram negative
spirochete
NO LPS, TOXINS, OR SPECIAL SECRETION SYSTEMS

Question 23

what is special about lyme disease transmission?

Answer 23

it takes more than 36 hours for it to move up gut of tick and into human

Question 24

Lyme disease symptoms

Answer 24

Early localized: Erythema migrans (bulls eye sometimes ) greater than 5 cm
Early, disseminated: fever, malaise, arthralgia, facial palsy on one side, AV block, polyradiculopathy
Late, in months to years: arthritis, encephalopathy, polyradiculopathy

Question 25

Diagnosis of Lyme disease

Answer 25

if see EM lesion and tick encounter, enough to start the therapy if no EM lesion, then can do ELISA and then immunoblot

Question 26

Why do these vector borne bacterial pathogens have few virulence factors identified?

Answer 26

b/c difficult to grow on culture

Question 27

How are diagnoses made for these vector borne bacterial infections?

Answer 27

througouh history and clinical suspician, don't rely on culture, gram stain hard to see

Question 28

Enzootic cycle of Treponema pallidum

Answer 28

none, no vector, just in humans

Question 29

Describe primary syphilis

Answer 29

lesion that is painless

Question 30

Secondary syphilis symptoms

Answer 30

6 weeks to 6 months after primary syphilis diffuse rash all over, even palms and soles myalgias, arthralgias fever condyloma latum (wart like lesions)

Question 31

Tertiary syphilis symptoms

Answer 31

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Question 32

These Multisystem infections can cause disease in what hosts?

Answer 32

immunocompetent

Question 33

These multisystem infections are characterized by what kind of diagnositics?

Answer 33

no culture reliance because difficult to grow