Mumbai Case Study Changing cities Flashcards
(21 cards)
1
Q
Top down strategies in Mumbai (Gorai Garbage Site Project)
A
- waste reshaped into gentle hill - covered in layers of lining material to prevent leaching - planted with grasses to create 19-hectare park
- adds sustainability - turns methane into electiricty - makes rivers clean for fishing
- more electricity going around - clean rivers for fishing boosts economy - appartments built as it is nicer to live there (more housing), less harmful gases being released
- increased property price - expensive (4 million pounds)
2
Q
Top down strategies in Mumbai (Mumbai Monorail)
A
- in 2005 - Mumbai’s city government decided that a monorail would be good solution to Mumbai’s public transport problems
- less people driving - reduces traffic congestion and air pollution
- can be constructed over built-up areas without having to clear existing property
- carries passengers quickly (40mph)
- doesn’t go through industrial areas - cost 310M
3
Q
Top down strategies in Mumbai (Slums)
A
- 1.1 million new low cost apartments to move people into water suppies and sanitation services
- better healthcare and education services
- less people in slums - reduces population density - improved health + education services - better quality of life
- affects Dharavai’s microbusiness as they wouldnt be able to continue tower blocks
4
Q
Bottom up strategies in Mumbai (SPARC community toilets)
A
- sparc is an Indian NGO - works with communites in Mumbai to build new toilet blocks - connected to city sewers and water supplies
- adds sustainability - promotes resource recovery, conserving water - raises awareness about sanitation practices
- very cheap to use, 25 rupees, safer to use at night and well designed
- relies on funding - requires maintenance - has rescource constraints
5
Q
How are limited services a problem in Mumbai?
A
- many people have problems accessing services
- new housing developments put up in areas without services
- rapid population growth has meant that housing has expanded more quickly than services
6
Q
How is housing a problem in Mumbai?
A
- hard to find places to live
- rents for property in Mumbai among highest in world
- Geography of city means space very limited - high population densities
7
Q
How is traffic congestion a problem in Mumbai?
A
- rapid rise in private cars - 1.8m cars in Mumbai - roads frequently gridlocked
- 90% of Mumbaikers travel by rail - huge strain on railway system - 8m people travel on suburban line
- trains have to be frequent to cope with high demand - delay to one train holds up 100s of thousands of people
8
Q
How are slums and squatter settlements a problem in Mumbai?
A
- chawls are old tenement buildings - really overcrowded - conditions same as or worse than slums
- 40% live in squatter settlements 20% in chawls
- high demand for little housing means lots of people have to live in these areas
9
Q
How are problems with water supply a problem in Mumbai?
A
- in Dharavi - limited or no piped water - people rely on communal taps - only run for few hours per day
- rapid urbanization + population growth increase demand for water - aging infrastructure can’t deliver enough
10
Q
How are problems with waste disposal a problem in Mumbai?
A
- high levels of air pollution - traffic congestion/vehicle emission/industrial activities
- 4,000 litres of sewage discharged each day - 1,200 tonnes of solid waste desposited at Gorai landfill every day
- more waste generation due to more people - strains existing desposal systems
11
Q
How are bad working conditions a problem in Mumbai?
A
- working conditions poor - no protection for workers - long hours - no ventilation to remove toxic fumes
- people dismantle ships in parts using only basic tools - work without safety equipment
- high demand for labour - people find it difficult to secure formal jobs
12
Q
3 reasons managing Mumbai is difficult?
A
- government in Mumbai inefficient + bureaucratic - takes long time for infrastructure improvements to be approved - new housing areas often have to wait long time for adequatae sanitation and waste disposal systems to be provided
- most of mumbai property rent controlled - limit put on how high rent can be - discourages property owners from making improvements or redeveloping housing - same rents for improved property than currently
- corruption - areas supposed to be redeveloped with affordable housing e.g. area of old textile mills - actually sold to property developers who built expensive apartment blocks for rich people
13
Q
3 reasons for differences in Quality of Life in Mumbai?
A
- to improve access to affordable housing - government would need to make sure more affordable housing was built - currently property developers make much more money building expensive apartments for rich people
- to improve working conditions in informal economy - government would have to impose new regulations and laws and make sure they were being obeyed
- to improve access to services - government would need to incentivise more companies to provide services in poorer areas
14
Q
How does squatter settlements provide economic and political challenges?
A
- squatter settlements close to city centre or railway stations - on valuable land
- property developers would pay government lots of money for the land if government moved residents
- residents want facilities where they live to be improved
- politcally difficult to move the residents - economically very difficult to let them stay
15
Q
How does traffic congestion provide economic and political challenges?
A
- super dense traffic congestion politically very unpopular
- building new transport infrastructure economically very expensive
16
Q
How does the informal sector provide economic and political challenges?
A
- government gets no taxes from informal economy - would benefit greatly if people worked in formal sector + payed taxes
- mumbaikers also benefit from laws on working conditions, pay and health and safety
- politcally challenging to make this change - people would feel they are losing money
17
Q
3 reasons for rapid population growth in Mumbai?
A
- natural increase
- increasing life expectancy
- rural to urban migration - people search for better quality of life
18
Q
How does rapid population growth affect pollution levels in the city?
A
- increased pollution
- more vehicle emissions - higher waste generation - intensified industrial activities
19
Q
How does rapid population growth affect the services available?
A
- more services needed - increases amount of jobs
- strained healthcare and education services
20
Q
How does rapid population growth affect employment in Mumbai?
A
- increased competitions for jobs - raise employment rates
- creates demand for more services - results in job creation - particularly in informal sector
21
Q
Bottom up strategies in Mumbai (Hamara foundation street children)
A
- provides social work services for street children - help them improve health - education - job skills
- raises awareness of issues - brings communities together
- reliance on donations and funding - resources constraints - maintenance of programs
