murmurs

Question 1

Systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur

Answer 1

aortic stenosis

Question 2

Harsh mid-systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur

Answer 2

pulmonic stenosis

Question 3

Blowing holosystolic murmur

Answer 3

mitral regurgitation

Question 4

Holosystolic, blowing, high-pitched murmur

Answer 4

tricuspid regurgitation

Question 5

Mid-late systolic ejection click

Answer 5

MVP

Question 6

Diastolic blowing decrescendo murmur

Answer 6

aortic regurgitation

Question 7

brief decrescendo early diastolic murmur

Answer 7

pulmonic regurgitation

Question 8

what is a brief decrescendo early diastolic murmur known as?

Answer 8

Graham-Steell Murmur

Question 9

Mid-diastolic murmur

Answer 9

tricuspid stenosis

Question 10

Low-pitched, mid-diastolic rumbling murmur

Answer 10

mitral stenosis

Question 11

opening snap, prominent S1

Answer 11

mitral stenosis

Question 12

list the L sided murmurs

Answer 12

MS
AR
MR
AS

Question 13

list the R sided murmurs

Answer 13

PS
TR
PR
TS

Question 14

what sitting position accentuates ALL aortic murmurs

Answer 14

sitting up and leaning forwards

Question 15

what sitting position accentuates ALL mitral murmurs

Answer 15

laying on decubitus side

Question 16

what increases and decreases afterload?

Answer 16

increase: handgrip
decrease: amyl nitrate

Question 16

what maneuver increases ALL murmurs including the opening snap?

Answer 16

squatting, leg raise, lying down

(you’re pulling gravity down)

***exception is HOCM

Question 17

what murmurs increase with handgrip?

Answer 17

regurgitant murmurs (AR, MR) ↑ w/ handgrip

Question 18

what murmurs decrease with handgrip?

Answer 18

Outflow murmurs (AS, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) ↓ w/ handgrip

Question 19

what murmurs increase with amyl nitrate?

Answer 19

AS, MVP, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy murmur ↑ w/ amyl nitrate,

Question 20

what murmurs decrease with amyl nitrate?

Answer 20

regurgitant murmurs (AR, MR) ↓ w/ amyl nitrate

Question 21

what drugs should you avoid in AS prior to surgery?

Answer 21

BB, CCB, nitrates

Question 22

AS tx

Answer 22

replacement

Question 23

PS tx

Answer 23

balloon valvuloplasty

Question 24

MS tx

Answer 24

balloon valvuloplasty

Question 25

What is ↑ intensity w/ inspiration called and what is it seen in?

Answer 25

Carvallo Sign TR

Question 26

what is the MCC of MR in the US?

Answer 26

MVP

Question 27

what happens if a pt with MVP has a small L ventricle?

Answer 27

Smaller LV = ↓ preload = earlier click *Valsalva, standing

Question 28

what happens if a pt with MVP has a big L ventricle?

Answer 28

Bigger LV = ↑ preload = delayed click *squatting, supine, leg raise *handgrip

Question 29

mid-late diastolic rumble @ apex secondary to retrograde regurgitant jet competing w/ antegrade flow from LA into LV

Answer 29

austin flint murmur

Question 30

what is austin flint murmur seen in?

Answer 30

AR