Murtagh Diagnoses and Buzzwords Flashcards
(267 cards)
1
Q
pale child + severe colic + vomitting
A
acute intussusception
2
Q
prostration and anxiety + intense central pain + profuse vomiting +/- bloody diarrhea
A
mesenteric arterial occlusion
3
Q
localised RIF pain + anorexia + nausea + vomitting + gaurding
A
acute appendicitis
4
Q
colicky central pain + vomiting + distension + no flatus + spasms for 1 minute
A
small bowel obstruction
5
Q
colicky pain hypogastric + distension +/- vomiting
A
large bowel obstruction
6
Q
sudden severe continuous epigastric pain + anxious, still, grey, sweaty + deceptive improvement
A
perforated peptic ulcer
7
Q
intense loin pain to groin + microscopic haematuria
A
ureteric clic
8
Q
severe pain + vomiting + pain radiation (shoulder/scapula)
A
biliary colic
9
Q
severe epigastric pain + N/V + relative lack of abdominal signs
A
acute pancreatitis
10
Q
acute left iliac fossa pain + left sided radiation + fever
A
acute diverticulitis
11
Q
non specific urethritis + conjunctivitis +/- iritis + arthritis
A
reactive arthritis
12
Q
arthralgia + purpuric rash +- abdominal pain
A
Henloch Schoenlein purpura
13
Q
bruising + oral bleeding + epistaxis
A
ITP
14
Q
menorrhagia + bruising + increased bleeding (incisions, dental, mucosal)
A
von Willebrand disease
15
Q
spontaneous haemarthrosis + musce bleeds + delayed bleeding
A
haemophilia A
16
Q
(unilateral) tinnitus + hearing loss + unsteady gait
A
acoustic neuroma
17
Q
acute vertigo + nausea + vomiting
A
vestibular neuritis
18
Q
hearing loss + acute vertigo + nausea + vomiting +- tinnitus
A
acute labyrinthitis
19
Q
vertigo + vomitting + tinnitus + sensoneural deafness
A
Meniere syndrome
20
Q
malaise + anorexia + dyspepsia + weight loss
A
stomach cancer
21
Q
loss of appetite + weight + colour
A
stomach cancer
22
Q
fatigue + dysphagia + weight loss
A
oesophageal cancer
23
Q
headache + vomiting + visual aura
A
migraine with aura classic
24
Q
retroorbital headache + rhinorrhea + lacrimation
A
cluster headache
25
drowsiness + vomiting + seizure
raised intracranial pressure
26
occiputal headache + vomiting + neck stiffness
sub arachnoid headache
27
headache + visual obscurations + nausea
benign intracranial hypertension
28
fever + upper abdominal pain + jaundice
acute cholangitis
29
jaundice + constitutional symptoms (malaise anorexia weight loss) + epigastric pain (radiating to back)
pancreatic cancer
30
myalgia, fever, headaches for 2-3 days, then vesicular rash
adult chicken pox
31
fever, malaise, anorexia, cough, cory conjunctivitis, then rash first behind ears, then on face, then truck then limbs
measles
32
pale pink maculopapular rash, starts on face and neck, then trunk and extremities, no prodrome, low fever
Rubella
33
bright macular rash on face/cheeks circumoral pallor, then maculopapuar rash on limbs, worse with sun,wind, bath
erythema infectiosum/parvovirus/slapped cheek
34
child 6-18 months
roseola infantum
35
high fever and runny nose then 3 days later red maclopapular rash mainly on trunk
herpes virus 6
36
children under 10
hand foot mouth
37
fever headache malaise, 1-2 days then, vesicles on mouth, gums, hands palms soles
cocksackie
38
2 days of malaise, fever, sore throat and vomiting
scarlet fever
39
rash on day 2 blanching starts on neck then cubital fossae, skinfolds, axillae, groin, circumoral pallor, feels like sandpaper, strawberry tongue
strep pyogenes
40
miserable child, high fever >39 for 5 days not responding to paracetamol
kawasaki disease
41
high fever headache malaise, orchitis unilateral, parotid swelling
mumps
42
1 week of coryza, anorexia, conjunctivitis, dry cough, then evere paroxysms at night with post tussive vomit and inspiratory sound
pertussis, whooping cough
43
proteinuria, generalised oedema, waxy pallor
nephrotic syndrome
44
discoloured urine, periorbital oedema, oliguria
post strep glomerulonephritis
45
painful swallow, referred ear pain, hoarseness
pharyngeal cancer
46
dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
sjogrens syndrome
47
recurrent oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, arthritis
Behcet syndrome
48
40 yo and over with restricted shoulder movement unilaterally
Rotator cuff syndrome
49
teenager - sore shoulder
laxity
50
50 yo with sore shoulder increasingly worse mobility, shoulder pain no good reason
adhesive capsulitis - frozen shoulder
51
65 over with sore shoulder
arthritis
52
Choice of imaging for ac joint -
bone scan
53
choice of imaging for osteoarthritis
xray
54
imaging for instability in shoulder
mri
55
choice of imaging for rotator cuff syndrome
uss
56
non healing otitis externa in diabetic or immunocompromised
malignant otitis externa
57
Dizziness in bed - multiple attacks - only for minutes
BPPV
58
Dizziness while standing (not in bed) multiple episodes with no hearing loss -
Migraine with vertigo
59
Dizziness while standing not postural, multiple episodes with hearing loss, no headache and tinnitus
Meniere's
60
Dizziness not postural, single episode for hours to 24 hours – no hearing loss
Vestibular neuronitis
61
Dizziness not postural, single episode for hours to 24 hours – with hearing loss + DDx
Labyrinthitis DDx cerebellar stroke
62
returned traveller, abdo pain, fever,chills
malaria
63
traveller, fever, jaundice, bradycardia
yellow fever
64
traveller, fever, vomiting, stupor
japanese encephalitis
65
traveller, painful bite, parasthesia, painful drinking
rabies
66
traveller, stepladder fever, abdo pain then pea soup diarrhea, bradycardia
typhoid
67
fever, vomiting, abrupt watery diarrhea
cholera
68
fever, severe aching, rash, traveller
dengue
69
fever, pneumonia, myalgia
melioidosis
70
abdo pain mild, recurrent diarrhea, eosinophilia
strongyloides
71
angina, blackouts, dyspnoea
aortic stenosis
72
menstrua dysfunction, obesity, hirsutism
pcos
73
malaise, night sweats, pruritus
Hodgkin lymphoma
74
abdo pain, diarrhea, fever
Crohn's disease
75
vertigo, vomiting, tinnitus
Meniere's
76
fatigue, muscle weakness, cramps
hypokalaemia
77
fever, rigors, hypotension
septicemia
78
fever, vomiting, headache
meningitis
79
fever, drooling, stridor
epiglottitis
80
headache, vomiting, altered consciousness
suarachnoid haemorrhage
81
abdo pain, amenorrhea, pv bleeding
ectopic pregnancy
82
fatigue, dyspnoea on exertion, dizziness
cardiomyopathy
83
fatigue, weight loss, diarrhea
coeliac disease
84
anorexia, nausea, faecal leaking, abdo bloating
faecal impaction
85
abdo cramps, flatulence, profuse diarrhea
giardiasis
86
lethargy, tiredness, arthralgia
haemochromatosis
87
lethargy, abdo pains, irritable child
lead poisoning
88
aching bones, waddling gait, deafness in child
Paget disease
89
malaise, cough, fever +/- erythema nodosum
sarcoidosis or TB
90
male child, snorting, blinking, grunts, expletives
Tourettes
91
fever, sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy
epstein barr mononucleiosis
92
fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, sallow skin
chronic kidney disease
93
polyuria, polydipsia, skin/orifice infections
diabetes
94
FUO, cardiac murmur, embolic signs
infective endocarditis
95
fatigue, polyarthritis, fever or skin lesions
SLE
96
loin pain, haematuria, palpable loin mass
kidney carcinoma
97
malaise, weight loss, cough
lung carcinoma
98
fever, myalgia, headache, non productive cough
atypical pneumonia
99
malaise, night sweats, painless lymphadenopathy
non Hodgkin lymphoma
100
arthralgia, Raynauds phenomenon, GORD, skin thickening
systemic sclerosis
101
fatigue, headache, jaw pain on chewing
temporal arteritis
102
weakness, back pain, weight loss
multiple myeloma
103
lethargy, physical mental slowing, constipation
hypothyroidism
104
resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postual instability
Parkinson disease
105
dysarthria, intention tremor, nystagmus
cerebellar disease eg MS
106
visual disturbance (blurred or transient loss), weakness in limbs +/- weakness in limbs
MS
107
rigidity, bradykinesia, resting tremor
Parkinsons Disease
108
tremor (postural/action), head tremor, absence of parkinsonian features
essential tremor
109
fatiguable weak eyes/lids, limbs and bulbar muscles (speech/swallowing)
myasthenia gravis
110
weakness of limbs, face and areflexia
Guillaume Barre
111
dementia, myoclonus, ataxia
Creuzfedt Jakob disease
112
drowsiness, vomiting, waking headache
raised intercranial pressure
113
enopthalmos, meiosis, ptosis +/- anhydrosis
horners syndrome
114
blank spell, lip smacking (or other automation), olefactory/gustatory hallucination
complex partial seizure
115
gradual spread of focal jerking (mouth,arm,leg) or sensory disturbance or rarely visual field disturbance
simple partial seizure
116
raised intracranial pressure +/- focal signs +/-seizures
cerebral tumour
117
dysphagia, dysphonia/dysarthria, spastic tongue
pseudobulbar palsy
118
recurrent unilateral headache, nausea (+/- vomiting), visual aura
classic migraine with aura
119
recurrent severe retro-orbital headache, rhinorrhea, lacrimation
cluster headache
120
instantaneous headache, vomiting, neck stiffness, relapsing consciousness
subarachnoid haemorrhage
121
young obese female with headache, visual obscurations, papilloedema
benign intracranial hypertension
122
acute and transient amaurosis fugax/dysphagia/hemiplegia
TIA
123
temporalis atropy, frontal balding, muscle weakness +/-myotonia and cataracts
myotonic dystrophy
124
ataxia, opthalmoplegia, areflexia
Miller Fischer variant of GBS
125
vertigo, postural or on rolling
BPPPV
126
upper and lower motor neurone signs with fasiculations
motor neurone disease
127
abdominal pain, palpable rash on legs in child or young adult
Henloch Schonlein Purpura
128
child with red itchy rash in flexure
atopic dermatitis
129
crazy paved red rash on legs in 70 yo
asteatotic dermatitis
130
bizzrre or linear shaped red rash
contact dermatitis
131
well demarcated plaque on wrist with intense scratching
lichen simplex
132
thirsty, polyuria, weight loss
DM1
133
fatigue, palpitations, SOB on exercise
anaemia
134
microcytic anaemia, Fe and ferritin down, transferrin up
iron deficiency
135
microcytic anaemia, normal or raised iron and ferritin
thalassemia or sideroblastic anaemia
136
macrocytic anaemia, with megaloblastic changes
Vit B12/folate deficiency, cytotoxic drugs
137
macrocytic anaemia, normal B12/folate
liver disease/alcoholism/myelodysplastic
138
normocytic anaemia
acute blood loss, anaemia of chronic disease, haemolysis
139
tiredness, husky voice, dry cool coarse skin, large tongue
hypothyroidism
140
anxiety, weight loss, weakness
thyrotoxicosis
141
sweating, nasal problems, tight rings/shoes
acromegaly
142
weakness, polyuria, polydypsia
diabetes insipidus
143
female with amenorrhea, loss of pubic/axillary hair, breast atrophy
hypopituitarism
144
male with low libido, impotence, loss of body hair
hypopituitarism
145
fatigue, anorexia, nasea, vomiting, abdo pain, skin discolouration
addisons disease
146
thin extremities, muscle weakness, fat face
cushing syndrome
147
weakness, constipation, polyuria
hypercalcemia
148
cramps, confusion, tetany
hypocalcemia
149
malaise weight loss cough
lung cancer
150
child haematuria, abdo mass, malaise
Wilms tumour
151
haematuria, loin pain, palpable kidney mass
renal cancer
152
abdo discomfort, anorexia, abdo bloating/distension over 50 nulliparous woman
ovarian cancer
153
blood in stool, abdo discomfort, change in bowel habit
colon cancer
154
jaundice, anorexia, abdo discomfort/pain radiating to back relieved by sitting forward
pancreatic cancer (body/tail)
155
jaundice, no pain
pancreatic cancer (head)
156
child with malaise, pallor, bone pain
Acute lymphocytic leukaemia
157
45 yo with malaise, pallor, oral problems
acute myeloid leukaemia
158
50 yo with fatigue, night sweats, abdo fullness (or palpable spleen)
Chronic myeloid leukemia
159
lymphadenopathy, fatigue, weight loss, fever/night sweats in late middle age/elderly
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
160
painless cervical lymphadenopathy, malaise, fever/night sweats, pruritus
Hodgkins lymphoma
161
rubbery lymph nodes, malaise, fever/night sweats
non - Hodgkin lymphoma
162
older person with weakness, unexplained back pain, susceptible to infection
multiple myeloma
163
headache, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, ataxia in child
medulloblastoma
164
fever, extreme malaise, a/n/v, +/- anaemia
neuroblastoma
165
fever, severe malaise, lymphadenopathy
acute HIV
166
polyarthritis, fever, rash
Ross River fever
167
fever unknown origin, cardiac murmur, embolism
endocarditis
168
Cattle farmer with chronic fatigue, headache and wavering fever
brucellosis
169
abrupt fever, headache, conjunctivitis
leptspirosis
170
malaise, a/n/v, confusion +/- oliguria
acute renal failure
171
5 days of fever, conjunctivitis then swollen hands feet
kawasaki
172
child with respiratory symptoms, vomiting, mental changes +/- coma/seizure
Reye syndrome
173
child with pallor, drowsiness, fever
meningitis
174
child with malaise, fever, flitting plyarthritis, +/- rash, +/- chorea
rheumatic fever
175
child undr 12 months with drowsiness, cough, wheezing
bronchiolitis
176
boy under 3 months with weakness, weight loss, severe intermittent vomiting
pyloric stenosis
177
neonate with drooling, vomit after first feeds, abdo distension
oesophageal or duodenal atresia
178
child with pallor, malaise, bone pain
acute lymphatic leukemia
179
child with malaise, pallor, oral problems (gum hypertrophy, bleeding, ulceration)
acute myeliod leukemia
180
child abdo pain, malar flush, fever, +/- urti
mesenteric adenitis
181
child with drowsiness, tachypnoea, chest wall recession
pneumonia
182
child with fever, drowsiness, purpurice rash
meningococcal infection
183
child with lethargy, drooling, stridor
epiglottitis
184
child wih urti, diff cough, insp stridor
croup
185
child wih cough, wheeze, chest wall recession
asthma or foreign body
186
child with large ears, long narrow face, large genitals
fragile x
187
child with small extremities, narrow forehead, eating disorder
prader willi
188
elfin face, low set ears, cardiac murmur
williams syndrome
189
girl with short neck webbed neck, pigmented naevi +/- cardiac diorder
turners syndrome
190
child with fuo, abdo mas (haematuria sometimes)
wilms tumour
191
child ith malaise, vague abdo pain, abnormal behaviour
lead poisoning
192
child under 2 with lethargy, irratibility, pallor
iron def anaemia or thalassemia major
193
child with fever, extreme malaise, a/n/v, +/- anaemia
neuroblastoma
194
child with headache, a/n/v, ataxia
medulloblastoma
195
teenager with irritability, vague abdo pain, disordered appetite
substance abuse
196
teenager with mid low back pain, cant touh toes, kyphosis
Scheuermann disorder
197
adolescent with limp, hp and knee pain
sipped capital femoral epiphysis
198
fever, rigors, hypotension
septicemia
199
fever, vomiting, headache
meningitis
200
fatigue +/- dizziness +/- syncope
cardiac arrhythmia
201
headache, vomiting, altered consciousness
sub arachnoid haemorrhage
202
abdo pain, amenorrhea, abnormal vaginal bleeding
ectopic pregnancy
203
fatigue, dyspnoea on exertion, dizziness
cardiomyopathy
204
asthma, rhinitis, vasculitis, hypereosinophilia
churg strauss vasculitis
205
malaie, rhinitis, sinusitis, wheeze, cough
wegeners granulomatosis
206
male, oral/genital ulcers, knee pain, eye inflammation
Behcets
207
malaise, painsful shoulder girdle, morning stiffness, over 50 years
polymyalgia rheumatica
208
fatigue, jaw claudication, headache
temporal arteritis
209
young-middle aged male; arthralgia, weight loss, fever +/- skin lesions
polyarteritis nodosa
210
female 40-60, weakness, joint muscle pain, "sun burn" rash with periorbital oedema
dermatomyositis
211
severe abdo pain, abnormal illness behaviour, red urine
acute intermittent porphyria
212
microencephaly, retarded growth, facies
fetal alchol syndrome
213
lanky menm small testes, infertility
klinefelter syndrome
214
tall stature, dislocated lens, myopia, aortic root dilatation
marfans
215
facies, Intellectual disability, large testes
fragile X
216
urinary incontinence, ataxia, dementia
normal pressure hydrocephalus
217
arthritis of DIP>PIP, base of thumb, 1st mtp, cervical and lumber spine, hips and knees, over 50 yo
osteoarthritis
218
arthritis of PIP, MCP of hands, wrist, base of toes MTP, symmetrical, 30 - 50 yo female to male 3:1
rheumatoid arthritis
219
arthritis symmetrical and variable, small joints fingers often slight, female to male 9:1 15-35 yo
SLE
220
symmetrical arthritis, polyarthritis fingers, 20-50 yo, F:M 3:1
scleroderma
221
transient arthritis, usually PIPs fingers, children
viral arthropathies
222
arthritis of sacroiliac, vertebral column esp lumbar, costovertebral, plus knees, hips or ankles, M:F 3:1, 18-30
ankylosing spondylitis
223
arthritis of DIPs fingers and toes, sacroiliacs
psoriatic arthritis
224
arthritis of big toe, knee/ankle
gout
225
liquid uniform stool
small bowel, gastroenteritis
226
loose stool with bits of faeces
colonic disorder
227
watery, offensive bubbly stool
giardia
228
bulky, pale offensive stool
malabsorption
229
pellets or ribbons stool
ibs
230
stool: large volume, central pain, borborygmi, undigested food, fat?
small bowel
231
stool small volume, lower, lif pain, blood, mucous,urgency or tenesmus
colonic cause
232
sudden sharp chest pain worse on inspiration, sneezing
pleuritis
233
central crushing chest pain referred to back/shoulder relieved sitting up, worse lying flat
pericarditis
234
unilaterail knife like chest pain following urti, normal cxr
pleurodynia / Bornholm disease/cocksackie B
235
sudden, severe, midline pain, inequality in pulses
aortic dissection
236
retrosternal chest pain, dyspnoea, syncope
PE
237
skin flushing (face esp), diarrhea with abdo cramps, valvular heart disease
carcinoid syndrome
238
Bone mets, primary?
Breast, prostate then lung, Hodgkin lymphoma, kidney, thyroid, melanoma
239
Brain mets, primary?
Breast, lung then colon, lymphoma, kidney, melanoma, prostate
240
Liver mets, primary?
Colon, pancreas, then stomach, breast, lung, melanoma
241
Lung and mediastinal mets, primary?
Breast, lung, colon, kidney, testes, cervix/uterine, Hodkin lymphoma, melanoma
242
High cervical lymph node mets, primary?
Hodgkin lymphoma, lymphoma, SCC, oropharynx, nasopharynx
243
Low cervical lymph node mets, primary?
Lung, stomach, lymphoma, Hodgkin Lymphoma, oropharynx, larynx, skin, tongue
244
axillary lymph node mets, primary?
breast, lung, lymphoma
245
Inguinal node mets
lymphoma, ovary, uterus, vulva, prostate, skin
246
Retroperitoneal mets, primary?
Lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, ovary, uterus, testes, prostate
247
Mets to skin, primary?
Lung, colon, melanoma, Kaposi sarcoma
248
1-3 weeks of headache, photophobia and malaise/fatigue
Acute HIV seroconversion
249
Child with non pruritic rash mainly on trunk, non desquammating and passes in 48 hours
viral exanthem
250
itchy rash behind knees, ankles, cub fossa, neck, behind ears and peri orbital in child
atopic dermatitis
251
white patches on face of children and adolescents around mouth and cheeks (maybe on limbs/trunk)
pityriasis alba
252
non itchy rash in scalp, eyebrows, nasolabial folds, chest
seborrhoeic dermatitis
253
baby with rash at 4-12 weeks on scalp, cheeks, folds of neck, axillae, folds of elbows
infant seborrhoeic dermatitis
254
baby with rash at 2 months, severely itchy, starts on face elbow and knee flexures
eczema
255
female 30-50 yo with fluctuating erythema, papules, pustules on forehad, cheeks, nose and chin
rosacea
256
acute red rash in child/adolescent post strep throat, scaly drop like lesions mainly on trunk
guttate psoriasis
257
acute eruption age 5-35 symetrical erythematous papules mainly backs of hands, palms, flexor surface of forearms with sometimes feet, toes, truck, genitals
erythema multiforme
258
acute hepatitis in young person with tremor, gait (neuro features)
Wilsons
259
unilateral burning/searing facial pain in 50 yo lasts for minutes
trigeminal neuralgia
260
bilateral recurring headache lasting hours usually female, non pulsating, mild moderate, no nausea/vomiting, no photphobia, worse throughout day
tension headache
261
sudden onset of floaters, flashes or black spots with blurred vision or curtain/cloud and patiral or total loss of visual field, normal pupil
retinal detachment
262
sudden onset of floaters, reduced light reflex, loss of vision possible
vitreous haemorrhage
263
sudden loss of vision, curtain coming down on vision, no light perception, normal fundoscpy at first then cherry red macula
central retinal artery occlusion
264
sudden loss of vision (possibly over days), on fundoscopy swollen disc, stormy sunset appearance
central retinal vein thrombois
265
sudden fading of central vision, distorted vision
wet macular degeneration
266
slow onset of painless distorted loss of centra vision
dry macula degeneration
267
20-40 yo woman loss of vision in 1 eye over few days with discomfort behind eye and central scotoma
optic neuritis
