musc 121

Question 1

ars nova time period

Answer 1

early 1300’s

Question 2

new music time period

Answer 2

early 1600’s

Question 3

examples of 17th C discoveries

Answer 3

solar system, calculus, political equality/capitalism, opera

Question 4

the affections

Answer 4

for every motion stimulating the senses, there is a specific motion evoked in the soul (ie. sadness, joy, anger, love, fear, excitement, wonder

Question 5

seconda practica

Answer 5

music as the servant of the words. controversial way of word painting by monteverdi (fifth book of madrigals). basically music doesn’t have to be pretty to be good/meaningful

Question 6

why is seconda practica controversial and who is famous for hating it

Answer 6

giovanni maria artusi criticized seconda practica for breaking all counterpoint rules. he instead advocated for “prima práctica”, the traditional way

Question 7

basso continuo/basso seguente

Answer 7

uninterrupted bass

Question 8

solo madrigal

Answer 8

-solo voice w/ basso continuo -strophic -throughcomposed -published in le nuove musische-performed in late 1580’s in a palace in florence -drew on polyphonic madrigal and solo singing

Question 9

figured bass

Answer 9

composer provided numbers and flats/sharps

Question 10

opera definition

Answer 10

a work

Question 11

monody

Answer 11

solo voice w/ accompaniment (solo madrigal, aria, recitative)

Question 12

influential/popular story in early operas

Answer 12

orpheus, theme of the power of music

Question 13

canzonetta

Answer 13

folk-like song used in renaissance, dance like, easy to follow, type of aria

Question 14

aria

Answer 14

long song accompanying solo voice

Question 15

early greek tragedy operas consisted of…

Answer 15

-single melody -sung by a soloist or chorus -performed w/ or w/o accompaniment -could evoke powerful emotions in the listener (seconda practica) -used natural vocal registers, melodic contour, meter and tempo

Question 16

renaissance antecedents:

Answer 16

1) pastoral drama 2)madrigal 3) intermedio (intro/interlude/outro)

Question 17

was italy a wealthy nation in europe at this time?

Answer 17

yes, the wealthiest

Question 18

florentine camerata

Answer 18

all-male discussion by academics and wealthy aristocrats over opera. usually attacked counterpoint and defended monody

Question 19

music of euridice - jacopo peri (1600)

Answer 19

-earliest survivingopera in a complete score -includes two types of monodys (aria and recitative) -strophic form -internal rhyme scheme

Question 20

arioso

Answer 20

rhythm of the vocal line between regular rhythm of aria and free rhythm of recitative

Question 21

venetian public opera characteristics

Answer 21

-solo singing -small orchestral ensemble -human relationships -artists demanded high pay -history, not legend -carnival!!!!

Question 22

venitian carnival

Answer 22

-diverse and sizeable audience base - very social event -9 opera houses in 1678 -similar to today’s las vegas -allowed multiple performances of one opera -very competitive -fewer instruments -complex human characters

Question 23

early operas in rome

Answer 23

-lives of saints comic themes -spectacular stage effects -extended choruses -women were banned, all female roles were done by castrati

Question 24

“lament bass”

Answer 24

descending tetrachord