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Anatomy > Muscle (1st One Is Nervous) > Flashcards

Muscle (1st One Is Nervous) Flashcards

1
Q

From large to small what is what is the structure of of skeletal muscle

A 
Skeletal muscle 
 fascicles
 muscle fibers
Myofibril 
 myofilaments
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2
Q

Is what is the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Is a network around each Myofibril that contains ca ions

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3
Q

What are transverse tubules

A

tubes of membrane

Run from sarcolema deep into muscle fiber

Carry electrical signals from surface

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of myofilaments

A

Thick. (myosin

Thin. (actin, tropomyosin and tropnin)

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5
Q

What cause the striations in muscle

A

The transitioning between thick and thin myofilaments.

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6
Q

In what direction does action potential travel

A

Down the axon to the synapse

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7
Q

What type of connective tissue is found surrounding the entire muscle

A

Is the epimysium

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8
Q

What type of tissue Is surrounds the muscle fascicle

A

Perimysium

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9
Q

What connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers

A

Endomysium

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10
Q

The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber?

A

Sarcoplasm

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11
Q

Structural unit of skeletal muscle

A

Sarcomere

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12
Q

Differance between A bands and I bands

A

A bands are dark and made of thin filaments

I bands are light and made out of thick filaments

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13
Q

In skeletal muscle what extends from one Z disc to the next

A

Sarcomere

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14
Q

Resting membrane potential is how many mV

A

-90mV

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15
Q

If all the muscle fibers are intervated by a single nerve fiber it is considered a

A

Motor unit

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16
Q

What diffuses into the Muscle cell when acetylcholine opens the ion channel

A

Sodium diffuses in

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17
Q

What is excitation-contraction coupling

A

What links the action potential of the sarcolemma To the activation of the myofilament contraction

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18
Q

Motor nuron

A

One motor neuron Innervates multiple muscle fibers

Each muscle fiber is only innervated by one motor neuron

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19
Q

Muscle twitch?

A

The response of a motor unit to a single action potential from its motor neuron

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20
Q

Smallest contraction that’s physiologically possible

A

A twitch

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21
Q

Low stemuli

A

Produces muscle twitches

22
Q

Higher stimuli

A

Produce temporal summation/ incomplete tetanus

AKA sustained contraction

23
Q

Unaturaly high stimuli produces complete tetanus

AKA cramping

A
24
Q

How do you get contractions bigger than a twitch

A

1 increase frequency of action potential fired by motor neuron

2 increase the number of active motor nurons

25
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Muscle develops tension but does not shorten

26
Q

Isotonic Concentric contraction

A

Muscle shortens tension remains constant

27
Q

Isotonic eccentric contraction

A

Muscle lengthens while maintaining tension

28
Q

Phosphates system

A

Very fast

Non-stedy state

Immediate energy

29
Q

Anarobic glycolysis

A

Only glucose can be used as fuel

Less ATP per glucose molecule but faster

Lactic acid produced as a waste product

Short term energy

30
Q

Arobic respiration

A

Study state
requires oxygen
Long term energy
Lots of ATP made

31
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Involuntary

Maybe stimulated by nervous system or by hormones

Can stay contracted for long periods of time without consuming ATP

32
Q

What are the 2 layers of smooth muscle In hollow organs

A

The longitudinal layer

Circular layer

33
Q

Class 1 lever

A

Fulcrum is between effort and load

34
Q

Class 2 lever

A

Load is between the effort and fulcrum

35
Q

Class 3 lever

A

Effort is between the load and fulcrum

36
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Muscle tension occurs but does not shorten

37
Q

Isotonic concentric contraction

A

Muscle shortens tension remains constant

38
Q

Isotonic eccentric contraction

A

Muscle lengthens while maintaining tension

39
Q

Muscle shapes

A

Fusiform = bicep

Parallel= rectus abdominus

Triangular= pectoral major

Unipennate= palmer

Bipennate= rectus femoris

Multipennate= deltoid

Circular

40
Q

Rules of skeletal muscle

A

Is skeletone muscles have at least 2 attachments

Skeletal muscles cross at least one joint

Skeletal muscles lie proximal to the joint crossed

Skeleton muscles can only pull

Skeletal muscles cause body movements by changing the angles of joints

41
Q

Aponeurosis

A

A tendon that forms a broad sheet

42
Q

Retinaculum

A

A band of connective tissue that covers a group of tendons

43
Q

Crple tunnel

A

Space between the flexor retinaculum and carples

44
Q

Types of muscle attachments

A

Aponeurosis

Retinaculum

Carpal tunnel

45
Q

Agonist

A 
Primary mover 
(Muscle that does most of the work)
46
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that opposes or reverses a particular movement

47
Q

Synergist

A

Muscle that helps a prime mover make a particular movement

48
Q

Fixator

A

Specialized synergist that holds a bone still or stabilizes the origin of a prime mover

49
Q

Power levers

A

Folcrum is closer to resistance

Is help litativier loads

50
Q

Speed levers

A

Fulcrum is closer to effort

51
Q

What determines name of muscles

A 
Direction
Size
Number of origins 
Locations of attachments
Shape 
Action

Anatomy (6 decks)

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