muscle 4-18-19 Flashcards Preview

anatomy > muscle 4-18-19 > Flashcards

Flashcards in muscle 4-18-19 Deck (16)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What are some general functions of muscles?

A
  • Move the skeleton (because muscles are attached to bones via tendons
  • Control openings (like the eyes, mouth, and anus which have sphincter muscles surrounding them)
  • Stabilize joints(to maintain our posture)
  • Provide facial expressions (like happy, sad, ect.)
  • Give off heat (when you move around, walk, exercise)
  • Offer protection (abdominal organs protected by rectus abdominis)
2
Q

In what five ways can muscles be named

A
  • Shape
  • Number of heads
  • Length
  • Location
  • Where attached
3
Q

Give an example of a muscle named in each of the five different ways

A

Shape
-Deltoid (looks like upside-down triangle)
-Trapezius (looks like a trapezoid)
Number of heads
-Biceps (has 2 heads)
-triceps (has 3 heads)
Length
-Short muscles- referred to as “brevis” (abbreviated)
-Long muscles- referred to as “longus” (long)
Location
-Brachii- located in the arm
-Femoris- located in the thigh
-Intercostals- located between the ribs
-Temporalis- located over the temporal bone of the skull
Where attached
-Sternocleidomastoid- is attached to the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process of the temporal bone (this lets you know it’s in the neck)

4
Q

What are the six specific types of movement muscles produce?

A

~Some muscles are flexors
-Flexors decrease the angle at a joint
-Example: when the biceps brachii muscles contracts, the angle at the elbow decreases
~Some muscles are extensors
-Extensors increase the angle at a joint
-Example: when the triceps brachii muscle contracts, the angle at the elbow
~Some muscles are adductors
-Adductors move the limb toward the midline of the body
~Some muscles are abductors
-Abductors moe a limb away from the midline of the body
~Some muscles are supinators
-Supinators move the hand palm up (remember by “soup in palm”)
~Some muscles are pronators
-Pronators more the hand palm down

5
Q

What can you tell me about this muscle simply by looking at its name: extensor carpi radialis longus? Where would is be located?

A

Extensor- increases the angle of a joint
Capri- attaches at the carpal bones (wrist)
Radialis- is in the forearm (associated with the radius bone)
Longus- is a long muscle
This is a long muscle found in the forearm which acts to extend the wrist

6
Q

Muscles work in pairs. What is the name for each and what is its function

A

~Prime mover
-Main muscle contracting and carrying out the function
~antagonist
-Must relax for the prime mover to function
-Example: the biceps flex (are prime movers) only if the triceps relax (antagonist)

7
Q

What is the name for each type of muscle attachment and what are the characteristics of each?

A

Origin

  • Immovable end
  • Is at the proximal portion of the limb or is closer to the midline of the trunk

Insertion

  • Movable end
  • Is at the distal portion of the limb or is farther from the midline of the trunk
8
Q

How many muscles are there in the human body?

A

639

9
Q
MUSCLES OF THE HEAD
Galea aponeurotica (epicranial aponeurosis)
A

thin , strong layer of connective tissue (is not a muscle)

Is important because it connects the frontalis muscle to the occipitalis muscle

10
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD

Occipitalis

A

Origin: occipital bone and mastoid process
Insertion: galea aponeurotica
Action: moves skin and hair located over the occipital bone up and down

11
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD

Frontalis

A

O: galea aponeurotica
I: muscles in the superior orbit
A: raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead

12
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD

Levator palpebrae

A

O: superior orbit
I: upper eyelid
A: raises eyelid

13
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD

orbicularis oculi

A

O: medial palpebral ligament
I: lateral palpebral ligament
A: blinks and/or closes eyelids

14
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD

buccinator

A

O: maxilla and mandible
I:angle of mouth
A: helps you smile; compresses sides of cheeks to force air out of mouth; useful when chewing

15
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD

Orbicularis oris

A

O: cheek muscles
I: contralateral angle of mouth
A: closes mouth

16
Q

MUSCLES OF THE HEAD

Temporalis

A

O: temporal bone
I:coronoid process of mandible
A: closes jaw