muscle Flashcards
(26 cards)
4 Effects of Aging
Skeletal muscle fibers become smaller in diameter
“ “ “ “ become less elastic
Develop increasing amounts of fibrous tissue (fibrosis)
Decreased tolerance for exercise
Decreased ability to recover from muscular injuries
4 Lifespan Changes
Myoglobin, ATP, and creatine phosphate decline
By age 80, half of muscle mass has atrophied
Adipose cells and connective
tissues replace muscle tissue
Exercise helps to maintain
muscle mass and function
An increase in size of the muscle fibers (Not change in number of fibers) is known as __
Hypertrophy
flaccid, soft muscles in time becomes not usable is known as ___
Atrophy
When a fiber grows so large that it causes other fibers not to work this known as __
Muscle Bound
Muscle become soft flaccid because it receives no nerve impulses. this is known as ___
Paralysis
muscle cannot work because it receives too many impulses. this is know as __
Spastic paralysis
The __ is primarily responsible for movement ex. deltoid–abduct
Prime mover (agonist)
The ___ assist the prime mover and adds stability
Synergists
The __ resist prime mover’s action and cause movement in the opposite direction of the prime mover ex. infraspinatus, teres, pectoralis, latissimus all adduct
Antagonist
The ___ hold bone in place
ex. trapezius, rhomboid
(hold clavicle in place)
Fixators
The immovable end is called the __
origin
The movable end is called the __
insertion
Circular Muscles are also called
sphincters
Circular Muscles open and close to ___
guard entrances of body
Pennate Muscles Form an angle with the ___
tendon
Pennate Muscle do not move as far as ___
Parallel mucles
Pennate Muscle contain more ___ than parallel muscles
myofibrils
Pennate Muscle develop more __ than parallel muscles
tension
A broad area that converges on attachment site (tendon, aponeurosis, or raphe) is know as ___
Convergent Muscles
Convergent Muscle fibers pull in different directions, depending on __
stimulation
Convergent Muscles example would be ___
pectoralis muscles
Fibers parallel to the long axis of muscle are called __
Parallel Muscles
biceps brachii is an example of what type of muscle?
Parallel Muscles
