Muscle Anatomy

Question 1

Anatomical body position

Answer 1

Body in an upright position
Head facing forward

Arms adjacent to sides of palms
Hands facing anteriorly

Lower limbs straight
Feet parallel

Question 2

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

Answer 2

Skull, vertebral column and bony thorax

Question 3

How many bones are in the body?

Answer 3

206

Question 4

What are the joints of the body?

Answer 4

Synarthrodial
Amphiarthrodial joints
Diathrodial joints

Question 5

What do Synovial joints do?

Answer 5

Flex, extend, abduct, adduct, rotate, pronate, supinate, invert, evert

Question 6

What are ligaments?

Answer 6

Connect bone to bone

Question 7

Capsular ligament

Answer 7

Anterior glenohumeral ligament

Question 8

Extracapsular ligament

Answer 8

Lie outside the joint

Question 9

Intra- articular ligament

Answer 9

Located inside the joint (knee)

Question 10

What are the bones in the thorax?

Answer 10

1. Clavicle
2. Scapula
3. Ribs
4. Sternum

Question 11

What are the bones in the Pelvic girdle

Answer 11

1. Illium
2. Ischium
3. Pubis

Question 12

What are the bones in the leg?

Answer 12

Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tibia

Question 13

Vetebrae bones

Answer 13

Cervical (7 vertebrae)
Atlas and axis

Thoracic (12 Vertebrae)
Lumbar ( 5 vertebrae)
Sacrum (5 fused)
Coccyx (4 fused)

Question 14

Arm bones

Answer 14

Humerus
Radius
Ulna

Question 15

Wrist bones

Answer 15

Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

Question 16

Foot bones

Answer 16

Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

Question 17

Excitability

Answer 17

Muscle receives and respond to stimulus

Question 18

Contractility

Answer 18

Muscle shortens forcibly when stimulated

Question 19

Extensibility

Answer 19

Muscle stretched or extended

Question 20

Elasticity

Answer 20

Muscle fibre to recoil and resume length after dtretch

Question 21

Prime mover of agonist

Answer 21

Main muscle responsible for movement

Question 22

Antagonist

Answer 22

Muscle that opposes actions of another muscle.

E.g. Biceps + triceps

Question 23

Stabiliser

Answer 23

Muscles that surround the joint, contract to stabilise enabling another body part to move

Question 24

Synergist

Answer 24

Muscles that complement the actions of prime mover but not responsible for action

Question 25

Neutraliser

Answer 25

Muscle that counteracts or neutralises of another muscle to prevent unwanted movement

Question 26

What are the 3 types of muscle contractions?

Answer 26

Reflexive - automatic contraction (diaphragm) Tonic - Relaxed but slightly contracted Phasic - Isotonic, Isometric

Question 27

What are the 2 Isotonic contractions?

Answer 27

Concentric - force generated overcomes resistance Eccentric - Force generated insufficient to overcome resistance

Question 28

What is Isometric?

Answer 28

Muscle stays the same length as internal tension increases

Question 29

What are the muscles of the neck?

Answer 29

Sternocleidomastoid Scalenes Levator Scapulae

Question 30

What are the muscles of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 30

Deltoid Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Subscapularis Trapezius Teres Minor

Question 31

What are the muscles of the Thorax?

Answer 31

Pec Major / Minor Serratus anterior Subclavis

Question 32

What are the muscles of the Upper Arm?

Answer 32

Biceps Brachii Triceps Brachii Brachialis Coracobrachiais

Question 33

What are the muscles of the lower arm?

Answer 33

Brachioradialis Extensor muscles Flexor Muscles Anconeus Pronator teres / quadratus Supinator

Question 34

What are the muscles of the Abdomen?

Answer 34

Rectus Ab Internal/External Oblique Transversus abdominis Quadratus lumborum

Question 35

What are the muscles of the pelvic floor?

Answer 35

Levator ani Coccygeus

Question 36

What are the muscles of the Pelvis/thigh?

Answer 36

Illiacus Psoas Major / Minor

Question 37

What are the muscles of the Back?

Answer 37

Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi Rhomboid Major/Minor Teres Major Erector Spinae

Question 38

What are the muscles of the Glutes?

Answer 38

Gluteus maximus Gluteus Med Gluteus Min

Question 39

What are the muscles of the Lower leg?

Answer 39

Gastrocnemius Soleus Tibialis anterior / posterior Peroneus longus / brevis / tertius

Question 40

What are the muscles of the quad?

Answer 40

Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis / Intermedius / Medialis

Question 41

What are the muscles of the Hamstring?

Answer 41

Biceps femoris Semitendinous Semimembranosus

Question 42

What are the hip joint adductors?

Answer 42

3 ducks pecking grass Adductor longus / brevis / magnus Gracilis Pectineus Popliteus

Question 43

What the deep external hip muscles?

Answer 43

Piriformis Obturator internus /externus Gemellus inferior/ superior Quadratus femoris

Question 44

What muscles are scapula elevators?

Answer 44

Levator scapular Upper Trap Rhomboids

Question 45

What muscles are spinal lateral flexors?

Answer 45

Erector spinae group - Il,long,spiralis Ext/Int obliques

Question 46

What muscles are scapula protractors?

Answer 46

Serratus anterior Pec minor Rhomboid Min/ Maj

Question 47

What muscles are scapula retractors?

Answer 47

Rhomboids Mid trap

Question 48

What muscles are scapula upward rotation?

Answer 48

Serratus anterior Trapezius

Question 49

What muscles are scapula downward rotation?

Answer 49

Rhomboids Pec Minor

Question 50

Shoulder Joint stabilsers?

Answer 50

S.I.T.S Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Subscapularis

Question 51

What muscles are the shoulder joint flexors?

Answer 51

Anterior Deltoid Pec Major Coracobrachialas Biceps

Question 52

What muscles are in the hip joint flexors? (knee to chest)

Answer 52

Rectus Femoris Psoas Iliacus Sartorius TFL

Question 53

Hip Joint Adductors

Answer 53

3 Ducks Pecking Grass Adductor Longus, brevis, magnus Pectineus Gracilis

Question 54

What muscles stabilise the core?

Answer 54

Diaphragm Tranverse Ab Pelvic floor Int/ext oblique Multifasidus