Muscle and Nerve Disease Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Muscle and Nerve Disease Deck (22)
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1
Q

What are some symptoms of muscle disease?

A
Weakness
Dyspnoea
Dysphagia
Cardiomyopathy
Cramp 
Pain
Stiffness
2
Q

What are some signs of muscle disease?

A

Wasting
Hypotonia
Hyporeflexia
Motor weakness

3
Q

Which investigations may be useful when considering muscle disease?

A
History and examination
Creatine kinase
EMG
Bipsy
Genetic testing
4
Q

Which classifications of muscle disease are considered congenital?

A

Structural (muscular dystrophy)
Contractile (Congenital myopathy)
Coupling (Channelopathies)
Energy (Enzymes)

5
Q

Which classifications of muscle disease are considered acquired?

A

Metabolic
Endocrine
Inflammatory
Iatrogenic

6
Q

What are some characteristics of dystrophies?

A

Progressive
Variable onset
Cell degeneration
Often present with high creatine kinase

7
Q

What are some characteristics of inflammatory muscle disease?

A
Polymyositis
Dermatomyositis
Acute/subacute
Painful
Weak muscle
Often present with high creatine kinase
8
Q

What is the typical treatment for dystrophies and inflammatory muscle diseases?

A

Immunosuppression

9
Q

Name a disorder of the NMJ.

A

Myasthenia gravis

10
Q

How does myasthenia gravis typically present

A
Fatiguable weakness
Ptosis
Diplopia
Limb weakness
Difficulty with chewing, swallowing and talking
Difficulty breathing
11
Q

What is a useful investigation for NMJ disorders?

A

CT chest

12
Q

What are some treatments used for myasthenia gravis?

A

Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor
Prednisolone
Steroid saving agent (azathioprine)
Ig exchange

13
Q

What does peripheral nerve disease affect?

A

Sensory axons
Motor axons
Autonomic axons
Nerve sheaths

14
Q

Which factors may cause generalised peripheral nerve disease?

A
Metabolic
Drug toxicity
Infection
Malignancy
Inflammation
15
Q

What may a lesion of an individual nerve lead to?

A

Compressive neuropathy

Vasculitis

16
Q

What are some useful investigations for peripheral nerve disease?

A

Bloods
Lumbar puncture
Genetic analysis
Nerve biopsy

17
Q

What is an important consideration to take when treating peripheral nerve disease?

A

You must treat the cause

E.g. Drug, surgery

18
Q

What is the normal path of presentation in MND?

A

Limb - bulbar - repiratory

19
Q

Does MND involve UMN or LMN signs?

A

Both

20
Q

What is the median survival rate of MND?

A

3-5 years

21
Q

Which investigation is used for diagnosis in MND?

A

EMG

22
Q

What does EMG stand for?

A

Electromyography