Muscle Architecture

Question 1

Different types of muscles?

Answer 1

Cardio, Smooth, Skeletal

Question 2

Components of Skeletal Muscle?

Answer 2

Muscle–>Fascicle–>Muscle fibre–>Myofibrils

Question 3

The origin of a muscle is usually?

Answer 3

Proximal (toward midline) and more stable.

Question 4

The insertion is usually?

Answer 4

Distal (away from midline) and closer to whats moving

Question 5

What are the three types of lever systems?

Answer 5

First, second, third

Question 6

Most muscles are typically which lever?

Answer 6

Third

Question 7

What are the different fascicle arrangements?

Answer 7

Circular, parallel (fusiform), convergent, pennate

Question 8

What are the different pennate orientations?

Answer 8

unipennate, bipennate, multipennate

Question 9

What makes up a circular pattern?

Answer 9

Responsible for opening and closing of muscles. Circular formation

Question 10

What makes up a parallel (fusiform) arrangement?

Answer 10

fibres run parallel to each other and run origin–>insertion. The types are thin, fusiform, flat.

Question 11

What makes up the convergent pattern?

Answer 11

Big origin but lead to one insertion

Question 12

Unipennate muscle pattern?

Answer 12

One direction, weaker.

Question 13

Bipennate muscle patter?

Answer 13

2 directions, more fibres and therefore more force.

Question 14

Multipennate?

Answer 14

2 or more directions of muscle fibers, more force.

Question 15

What is an agonist (prime mover)?

Answer 15

Produces a specific movement when it contracts. Main component in contraction.

Question 16

What is an antagonist?

Answer 16

Action opposes the agonist.

Question 17

What is a synergist?

Answer 17

Aids the agonist or prime mover.

Question 18

Types of contractions?

Answer 18

Isometric, concentric, eccentric

Question 19

What is an isometric contraction?

Answer 19

There is muscle contraction but there is no change in position, angle remains the same. No shortening.

Question 20

What is a concentric contraction?

Answer 20

Muscles are contracting and shortening. Angle becomes smaller. Flexion of bicep curl

Question 21

What is an eccentric contraction?

Answer 21

Muscle fibres are contracting but fibres are lengthening, angle growing. Make the origin and insertion farther apart. Extension of bicep curl.

Question 22

What causes shoulder pain?

Answer 22

Decreased subacromial space, impingement with exercise, rotator cuff tendinopathy (from instability or overuse), swelling of rotator cuff tendon, leads back to decreased subacromial space.

Question 23

What is scapulohumeral rhythm?

Answer 23

2:1 ratio between the ab/adduction of the shoulder and scapula. For every 1 degree of scapular rotation there is 2 degrees for humeral rotation in order to reach full 180 degrees.

Question 24

What are the scapular stabilizers?

Answer 24

Pectoralis minor, trapezius, serratus anterior

Question 25

What muscles balance upward and downward rotators?

Answer 25

levator scapulae, rhomboids, pec minor

Question 26

Long thoracic nerve (Scapular control)

Answer 26

Innervates the serratus anterior, damage by traction on neck or shoulder by blunt trauma. Causes paralysis of the serratus anterior.

Question 27

What is subscapular nerve entrapment?

Answer 27

The nerve passes through the subscapular notch and supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.

Question 28

What causes subscapular nerve entrapment?

Answer 28

Tight muscles around a nerve causes swelling and inhibits function. Most common with throwing motions.