muscle charts (head/neck/thorax)

Question 1

rectus capitis posterior major

Answer 1

• attachments: spinous process C2 > lateral aspect inferior nuchal line
• function: extension, ipsilateral rotation
• innervation: suboccipital n.

Question 2

rectus capitis posterior minor

Answer 2

• attachments: tubercle on posterior arch C1 > medial aspect inferior nuchal line
• function: extension
• innervation: suboccipital n.

Question 3

obliquus capitis inferior (inferior oblique)

Answer 3

• attachments: spinous process C2 > transverse process C1
• function: ipsilateral rotation
• innervation: suboccipital n.

Question 4

obliquus capitis superior (superior oblique)

Answer 4

• attachments: transverse process C1 > area between superior and inferior nuchal lines on occipital bone
• function: extension, lateral flexion
• innervation: suboccipital n.

Question 5

anterior digastric

Answer 5

• attachments: digastric foss of mandible > intermediate tendon
  
  • greater cornu of hyoid, inferior border of mandible near sumphysis > intermediate tendon and body and cornu of hyoid
• action: depression of mandible, elevation of hyoid
• innervation: mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar n. (from CN V3)
• suprahyoid

Question 6

posterior digastric

Answer 6

• attachments: temporal mastoid notch > intermediate tendon
  
  • greater cornu of hyoid, mastoid process > intermediate tenon and body and cornu of hyoid
• action: depression of mandible, elevation of hyoid
• innervation: facial n. (CN VII)
• suprahyoid

Question 7

geniohyoid

Answer 7

• attachments: inferior genial tubercle of mandible > anterior aspect of body of hyoid
  
  • median ridge of mandible > body of hyoid
• action: elevation of tongue and hyoid, depression of mandible
• innervatoin: ventral ramus of C1 via CN XII
• suprahyoid

Question 8

longus capitis

Answer 8

• attachments: anterior tubercle of transverse processes of cervical vertebrae > basilar occipital bone
• action: flexion of head and neck (bilateral), ipsilateral rotation (unilateral)
• innervation: ventral rami of cervical spinal n. (C1-3)

Question 9

longus colli (L. neck)

Answer 9

• attachments: cervical vertebral bodies > cervical vertebral bodies and transverse processes
• actoin: flexion/lateral flexion of neck, ipsilateral rotation
• innervation: ventral rami of cervical spinal n. (C2-7)

Question 10

mylohyoid

Answer 10

• attachments: mylohyoid line of mandible > midline rache and anterior aspect of hyoid
• function: elevation of floor of oral cavity
• innervation: mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar n. (from CN V3)
• suprahyoid

Question 11

omohyoid (G. omos, shoulder)

Answer 11

• attachments: superior border of scapula medial to scapular notch > lateral aspect of hyoid, passing through intermediate tendon sling loosely associated with clavicle and first rib
• actions: depression of hyoid
• innervation: ansa cervicalis (C1-3)
• infrahyoid

Question 12

anterior scalene

Answer 12

• attachments: anterior tubercles of middle cervical vertebrae > scalene tubercle of 1st rib
• action: elevation of first rib in forced inspiration, flexion/lateral flexion/contralateral rotation of neck
• innervation: lower ventral rami of cervical spinal n.

Question 13

middle scalene

Answer 13

• attachments: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae > first rib
• action: elevation of first rib in forced inspiration, lateral flexion/contralateral rotation of neck
• innervation: lower ventral rami of cervical spinal n.

Question 14

posterior scalene

Answer 14

• attachments: lower cervical transverse processes > 2nd rib
• action: elevation of rib in forced inspiration, lateral flexion/contralateral rotation of neck
• innervation: ventral rami of cervical spinal n. (C6-8)

Question 15

sternocleidomastoid

Answer 15

• attachments: lateral aspect of mastoid process, superior nuchal line > manubrium, medial 2/3 of clavicle
• action: flexion/ipsilateral lateral flexion/extension of head and neck, contralateral rotation of head
• innervation: accessory n. (CN XI), C1-2

Question 16

sternohyoid

Answer 16

• attachments: posterior side of proximal clavicle, adjacent manubrium > inferior border of body of hyoid
• action: depresses hyoid
• innervation: ansa cervicalis (C1-3)
• infrahyoid

Question 17

sternothyroid

Answer 17

• attachments: posterior aspect of manubrium, costal cartilage of first rib > thyroid lamina
• action: depression of elevated larynx
• innervation: ansa cervicalis (C1-3)
• infrahyoid

Question 18

stylohyoid

Answer 18

• attachments: styloid process of temporal bone > greater cornu of hyoid bone
• action: elevation/retraction of hyoid
• innervation: facial n. (CN VII)
• suprahyoid

Question 19

thyrohyoid

Answer 19

• attachments: thyroid lamina > greater horn of hyoid bone
• actions: depresses hyoid, elevation of thyroid cartilage
• innervation: ventral ramus of C1 via XII
• infrahyoid

Question 20

buccinator (L. bucca, cheek)

Answer 20

• attachments: alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, pterygoid hamulus and pterygomandibular raphe > angle of mouth
• action: compresses cheek
• innervation: buccal branch of facial n.

Question 21

depressor anguli oris

Answer 21

• attachments: mandible > angle of mouth
• action: depresses buccal angle laterally
• innervation: buccal and mandibular branch of facial n.

Question 22

frontalis

Answer 22

• attachments: superficial fascia of eyebrows > epicranial aponeurosis
• actions: protracts scalps, elevates eyebrows and nose
• innervation: temporal branch of facial n.

Question 23

levator labii superioris

Answer 23

• attachments: inferior orbital margin > lateral aspect of upper lip
• action: raises and everts upper lip
• innervation: buccal and zygomatic branches of facial n.

Question 24

nasalis

Answer 24

• attachments: maxilla (lateral and inferior to nasal notch) > bridge and ala of nose
• action: transverse fibers compress, alar fibers wide nasal aperature
• innervation: buccal branch of facial n.

Question 25

orbicularis oculi

Answer 25

• attachments: orbital margin and medial palpebral ligament > superficial fascia of eyelid
• action: palpebral sphincter (closes eyes)
• innervation: temporal and zygomatic branches of facial n.

Question 26

orbicularis oris

Answer 26

• attachments: angle of mouth > superficial fascia of upper lip
• action: oral sphincter (closes mouth)
• innervation: buccal and mandibular branches of facial n.

Question 27

platysma (G. platys, flat, broad)

Answer 27

• attachments: lower border of mandible > superficial fascia of skin of neck overlying clavicle
• action: wrinkles anterior nuchal skin
• innervation: cervical branch of facial n.

Question 28

zygomaticus major (G. zygon, yoke, joining or pair)

Answer 28

• attachments: zygomatic bone > angle of mouth
• action: raises angle of mouth
• innvervation: buccal and zygomatic branches of facial n.

Question 29

inferior oblique

Answer 29

• innervation: inferior ramus of oculomotor n.

Question 30

inferior rectus

Answer 30

• innervation: inferior ramus of oculomotor n.

Question 31

levator palpebrae superioris

Answer 31

• superior ramus of oculomotor n.

Question 32

medial rectus

Answer 32

• innervation: inferior ramus of oculomotor n.

Question 33

superior rectus

Answer 33

• innervation: suprior ramus of oculomotor n.

Question 34

lateral rectus

Answer 34

• innervation: abducens n.

Question 35

superior oblique

Answer 35

• innervation: trochlear n.

Question 36

masseter

Answer 36

• attachments: zygomatic arch > angle of mandible, lateral aspect of ramus
• action: elevation, protraction, retraction (deep fibers) of mandible
• innervatoin: mandibular nerve (from trigeminal n.)

Question 37

temporalis

Answer 37

• attachments: temporal fossa > coronoid process, anterior border of ramus of mandible
• action: elevation and retraction (posterior aspect of muscle) of mandible
• innervation: mandibular nerve (from trigeminal n.)

Question 38

lateral pterygoid

Answer 38

• attachments: infratemporal surface of spheroid, lateral surface of terygoid plate > neck of mandible, TMJ disc
• action: depresses mandible, protracts and acts with ipsilateral medial pterygoid to rotate mandible to roduce side-to-side movements in chewing
• innervation: mandibular nerve (V3)

Question 39

medial pterygoid

Answer 39

• attachments: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate, adjacent maxilla > medial aspect of angle of mandible
• action: elevation of mandible, acts with ipsilateral pterygoid to rotate mandible for side-to-side movements of food
• innervation: mandibular nerve (from trigeminal n.)

Question 40

splenius capitis (G. splenion, bandage)

Answer 40

• attachments: ligamentum nuchae, lower cervical and upper thoracic spinous processes > lateral third of superior nuchal line
• action: extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation of head
• innervation: dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.

Question 41

longissimus capitis

Answer 41

• attachments: upper thoracic transverse processes > posterior margin of mastoid process
• action: extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation of head
• innervation: dorsal rami of spinal n.

Question 42

semispinalis capitis

Answer 42

• attachments: upper thoracic and cervical spinous processes > occipital bone between inferior and superior nuchal lines
• actions: extension, contralateral rotation of head
• innervation: dorsal rami of cervical spinal n.

Question 43

external intercostal

Answer 43

• attachments: rib > rib
  
  • oriented from superior-lateral to inferior-medial (down and in)
• action: elevation of ribs
• innervation: intercostal nerve
  
  • segmental

Question 44

internal/innermost intercostal

Answer 44

• attachments: rib > rib
  
  • oriented from superior-medial to inferior-lateral (down and out)
• action: depression of ribs
• innervation: intercostal n.
  
  • segmental

Question 45

transversus thoracis

Answer 45

• attachments: posterior sternum > costal cartilages
• action: depression of ribs
• innervation: intercostal nn.
  
  • segmental

Question 46

diaphragm

Answer 46

• attachments: xiphoid process, inner surface of lower ribs, costal cartilages, lumbar vertebrae (crura) > central tendon
• action: inspiration
  
  • negative thoracic pressure by inferior displacement
• innervation: phrenic nerve
  
  • C3-5