Muscle Design Flashcards
(18 cards)
Define Force
the push or pull on an object that changes its velocity
define work
force x distance
define power
rate of performing work (work/time)
define muscle architecture
the arrangement of muscle fibers relative to the axis of force
define muscle function
power,force,work
what are pennate muscles
short fibres at an angle to internal tendon or aponeurosis
example of pennate muscle
serratus ventralis
what are parallel muscles
fibers that run parallel to the line of pull of muscle
benefit of parallel muscles
it allows for more sarcromeres to fit in the series which means more muscles shortening which means greater work is possible
define moment
potential for a joint to move
define moment arm
the perpendicular distance from the insertion to the joint center of rotation
equation for joint movement
muscle force x moment arm
what does limb elongation do for cursors
faster travel/speed reduces inertia distal segments are lightened and lengthened keeps mass proximal energetic implications
What is the problem with being an ungulate
alot of strain on their digits
what can differ in animals with different lifestyles
size and location of bony process and muscle attachments
length of segments
posture
what is stay apparatus/reciprocal apparatus
group of tendons that is an adaptation for standing longer without wear bearing
this is due to the tendons mostly being on the distal end while the muscles are on the proximal end
explain the horses biological catapult
the bicep is getting stretched when the carpus is locked in extension which allows the LF to gain elastic energy.
Then when the carpus buckles in the late stance the LF releases the stored energy which allows for its leg to swing forward.
what is the LF
lacertus fibrosis
