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locomotor system > muscle details of lower body > Flashcards

muscle details of lower body Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteus maximus
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Lateroposterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, gluteal surface of ilium, thoracolumbar fascia, Sacrotuberous ligament
  • Insertion
    Iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
  • Action
    Hip joint: Thigh extension, thigh external rotation, thigh abduction (superior part), thigh adduction (inferior part)
  • Innervation
    Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
  • Blood supply
    Inferior gluteal and superior gluteal arteries
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2
Q

Gluteus medius
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Gluteal surface of ilium
  • Insertion
    Lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur
  • Action
    Hip joint: Thigh abduction, thigh internal rotation (anterior part); Pelvis stabilization
  • Innervation
    Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
  • Blood supply
    Deep branch of superior gluteal artery, trochanteric anastomosis
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3
Q

gluteus minimus
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Gluteal surface of ilium
  • Insertion
    Anterior aspect of greater trochanter of femur
  • Action
    Hip joint: Thigh abduction, thigh internal rotation (anterior part); Pelvis stabilization
  • Innervation
    Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
  • Blood supply
    Superior gluteal artery, trochanteric anastomosis
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4
Q

piriformis
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Anterior surface of the sacrum, Gluteal surface of ilium
  • Insertion
    Greater trochanter of the femur
  • Action
    Hip joint: Thigh external rotation, Thigh abduction; Stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum
  • Innervation
    Nerve to piriformis (S1-S2)
  • Blood supply
    Superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery, gemellar branches of the internal pudendal
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5
Q

gemellus superior
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Ischial spine
  • Insertion
    Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur (tendon of obturator internus)
  • Action
    Hip joint: Thigh external rotation, thigh abduction ; stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum
  • Innervation
    Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)
  • Blood supply
    Internal pudendal artery, inferior gluteal artery
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6
Q

gemellus inferior
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion
    Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur (tendon of obturator internus)
  • Action
    Hip joint: Thigh external rotation, thigh abduction, stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum
  • Innervation
    Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4/5, S1)
  • Blood supply
    Medial circumflex femoral artery
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7
Q

obturator internus
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Posterior surface of the obturator membrane; bony boundaries of the obturator foramen
  • Insertion
    Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
  • Action
    External rotation of extended thigh
    Abduction of flexed thigh;
    Stabilization of hip joint
  • Innervation
    Nerve to obturator internus (L5 and S1)
  • Blood supply
    Obturator artery; internal pudendal artery
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8
Q

obturator externus
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Anterior surface of obturator membrane, bony boundaries of obturator foramen
  • Insertion
    Trochanteric fossa of femur
  • Action
    Hip joint: Thigh external rotation, thigh abduction (from flexed hip); Stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum
  • innervation
    Obturator nerve (L3, L4)
  • Blood supply
    Obturator and medial circumflex femoral arteries.
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9
Q

quadratus femori
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion
    Intertrochanteric crest of femur
  • Action
    Hip joint: thigh external rotation; stabilizes head of femur in acetabulum
  • Innervation
    Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)
  • Blood supply
    Inferior gluteal artery
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10
Q

ileopsoas major
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Vertebral bodies of T12-L4, transverse processes of L1-L5 vertebrae
  • Insertion
    Lesser trochanter of femur as iliopsoas tendon
  • Action
    Hip joint: Flexion of the thigh/trunk, lateral rotation of the thigh
    Lateral flexion of the trunk
  • Innervation
    Anterior rami of spinal nerves L1-L3
  • Blood supply
    Lumbar branch of iliolumbar artery
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11
Q

ileopsoas minor
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Vertebral bodies of T12 & L1 vertebrae
  • Insertion
    Iliopubic eminence, pecten pubis
  • Blood supply
    Lumbar arteries
  • Innervation
    Anterior ramus of spinal nerve L1
  • Action
    Weak trunk flexion
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12
Q

iliacus
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Iliac fossa
  • Insertion
    Lesser trochanter of femur
  • Action
    Hip joint: Thigh/trunk flexion
  • Innervation
    Femoral nerve (L1-L3)
  • Blood supply
    Iliolumbar, deep circumflex iliac, obturator, and femoral arterie
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13
Q

tensor fasciae latae
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Outer lip of anterior iliac crest, Anterior superior iliac spine
  • Insertion
    Lateral condyle of tibia (ileotibial tract)
  • Action
    Hip joint: Thigh internal rotation
    Knee joint: Leg external rotation
    Stabilizes hip & knee joints
  • Innervation
    Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
  • Blood supply
    Ascending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery
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14
Q

sartorius
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Anterior superior iliac spine
  • Insertion
    Proximal end of tibia below medial condyle (via pes anserinus)
  • Innervation
    Femoral nerve (L2-L3)
  • Blood supply
    Proximal third: branches of femoral artery, deep femoral artery, artery of quadriceps, lateral circumflex femoral artery
    Middle third: branches of femoral artery
    Distal third: branches of femoral and descending genicular arteries
  • Function
    Hip joint: thigh flexion, thigh abduction, thigh external rotation
    Knee joint: leg flexion, leg internal rotation
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15
Q

vastus lateralis
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • origin
    Intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera of femur
  • insertion
    Tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament), patella, (lateral condyle of tibia)
  • innervation
    Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

-action
Hip joint: Thigh flexion (rectus femoris only);
Knee joint: Leg extension

  • blood supply
    ateral circumflex femoral and deep femoral arteries; artery to quadriceps
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16
Q

vastus medialis
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • origin
    Intertrochanteric line, pectineal line of femur, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line of femur
  • insertion
    Tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament), patella, (medial condyle of tibia)
  • innervation
    Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

-action
Hip joint: Thigh flexion (rectus femoris only);
Knee joint: Leg extension

  • blood supply
    Femoral, deep femoral, descending genicular artery
17
Q

rectus femoris
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • origin
    Anterior inferior iliac spine, supraacetabular groove
  • insertion
    Tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament), patella
  • innervation
    Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

-action
Hip joint: Thigh flexion (rectus femoris only);
Knee joint: Leg extension

  • blood supply
    Femoral, lateral femoral circumflex, superficial circumflex iliac arteries
18
Q

vastus intermedius
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • origin
    Anterior surface of femoral shaft

-insertion
Tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament), patella

  • innervation
    Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

-action
Hip joint: Thigh flexion (rectus femoris only);
Knee joint: Leg extension

  • blood supply
    Artery to quadriceps, deep femoral arteries
19
Q

pectineus
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Superior pubic ramus (pectineal line)
  • Insertion
    Pectineal line of femur, linea aspera of femur
  • Action
    Hip joint: Thigh flexion, thigh adduction, thigh external rotation, thigh
    internal rotation; pelvis stabilization
  • Innervation
    Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
    (Obturator nerve (L2, L3))
  • Blood supply
    Medial femoral circumflex artery, obturator artery
20
Q

adductor brevis
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Anterior body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus
  • Insertion
    Linea aspera of femur (medial lip)
  • Action
    Hip joint: thigh flexion, thigh adduction, thigh external rotation; pelvis stabilization
  • Innervation
    Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
  • Blood supply
    Arteria profunda femoris
21
Q

adductor Magnus
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A

-Origin
Adductor part: Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus
Ischiocondylar part: Ischial tuberosity

  • Insertion
    Adductor part: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera (medial lip), medial supracondylar line
    Ischiocondylar part: Adductor tubercle of femur
  • Action
    Adductor part:
    Hip joint - Thigh flexion, thigh adduction, thigh external rotation
    Hamstring part:
    Hip joint - Thigh extension, thigh internal rotation
    Entire muscle: Pelvis stabilization
  • Innervation
    Adductor part: Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
    Ischiocondylar part: Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4)
  • Blood supply
    Deep femoral artery;
    Femoral, popliteal and genicular arteries
22
Q

adductor longs
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Body of pubis, inferior to pubic crest and lateral to the pubic symphysis
  • Insertion
    Middle third of linea aspera of femur (medial lip)
  • Action
    Hip joint: Thigh flexion, Thigh adduction, Thigh external rotation; Pelvis stabilization
  • Innervation
    Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
  • Blood supply
    Deep femoral artery, obturator artery
23
Q

gracilis
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Anterior body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus
  • Insertion
    Medial surface of proximal tibia (via pes anserinus)
  • Actions
    Hip joint: Thigh flexion, thigh adduction;
    Knee joint: leg flexion, leg internal rotation
  • Innervation
    Obturator nerve (L2-L3)
  • Blood supply
    Deep femoral artery (via artery to the adductors)
24
Q

semimembranosus
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Superolateral impression of ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion
    Medial condyle of tibia
  • Action
    Hip joint: thigh extension and internal rotation
    Knee joint: flexion and internal rotation of the leg
    Stabilizes pelvis
  • Innervation
    Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5 – S2)
  • Blood supply
    Perforating branches of femoral and popliteal arteries
25
Q

semitendinosus
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion
    Proximal end of tibia below medial condyle (via pes anserinus)
  • Action
    Hip joint: Thigh extension, thigh internal rotation, stabilizes pelvis.
    Knee joint: Leg flexion, leg internal rotation.
  • Innervation
    Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
  • Blood supply
    First perforating branch of deep femoral artery, medial femoral circumflex artery, inferior gluteal artery and inferior medial geniculate artery
26
Q

bicep femori
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Long head: ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament
    Short head: linea aspera of femur (lateral lip), lateral supracondylar line of femur
  • Insertion
    (Lateral aspect of) head of fibula
  • Action
    Hip joint: thigh extension, thigh external rotation;
    Knee joint: leg flexion, leg external rotation; stabilizes pelvis
  • Innervation
    Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
    Short head: common fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
  • Blood supply
    Inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries, popliteal artery
27
Q

tibialis anterior muscle
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Lateral surface of tibia
  • Insertion
    Medial cuneiform bone, base of metatarsal bone 1
  • Action
    Talocrural joint: foot dorsiflexion
    subtalar joint: foot inversion
  • Innervation
    Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
  • Blood supply
    Branches of anterior tibial artery
    Branches of posterior tibial artery
28
Q

extensor hallucis longus
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Middle third of medial surface of fibula
  • Insertion
    Base of distal phalanx of great toe
  • Action
    toe extension; foot dorsiflexion
  • Innervation
    Deep fibular nerve
  • Blood supply
    Anterior tibial artery
29
Q

extensor digitorum longus
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    medial surface of fibula, lateral tibial condyle,
  • Insertion
    Distal and middle phalanges of digits 2-5
  • Action
    Toe extension; Foot dorsiflexion; Foot eversion
  • Innervation
    Deep fibular nerve
  • Blood supply
    Anterior tibial, fibular, anterior lateral malleolar, lateral tarsal, metatarsal, plantar, and digital arteries
30
Q

fibularis tertius
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    distal medial surface of fibula
  • Insertion
    Dorsal surface of base of metatarsal bone 5
  • Action
    Foot dorsiflexion, Foot eversion
  • Innervation
    Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
  • Blood supply
    Anterior lateral malleolar artery, lateral tarsal artery, metatarsal arteries, lateral plantar artery, digital arteries, arcuate artery, fourth dorsal metatarsal artery
31
Q

fibularis longus
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Head of fibula, lateral surface of fibula
  • Insertion
    Medial cuneiform bone, metatarsal bone 1
  • Action
    Foot plantar flexion, Foot eversion;
    Supports longitudinal and transverse arches of foot
  • Innervation
    Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1)
  • Blood supply
    Fibular artery
32
Q

fibularis brevis
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Distal 2/3 of the lateral surface of fibula
  • Insertion
    Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone
  • Action
    Foot plantar flexion, Foot eversion
  • Innervation
    Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1)
  • Blood supply
    Anterior tibial artery
33
Q

gastrocnemius
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    -Lateral head: lateral condyle of the femur
    -Medial head: medial femoral condyle
  • Insertion
    Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
  • Innervation
    Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
  • Function
    Foot plantar flexion, Leg flexion
34
Q

soleus
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Soleal line, medial border of tibia, head of fibula, posterior border of fibula
  • Insertion
    Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
  • Innervation
    Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
  • Vascularization
    Posterior tibial artery and vein
  • Function
    Foot plantar flexion
35
Q

plantaris
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Lateral supracondylar line of femur, oblique popliteal ligament of knee
  • Insertion
  • Posterior surface of calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon)
  • Action
    foot plantar flexion
    knee flexion
  • Innervation
    Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
  • Blood supply
    lateral sural and popliteal arteries, superior lateral genicular artery
36
Q

tibialis posterior
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Posterior surface of tibia, posterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
  • Insertion
    Tuberosity of navicular bone, all cuneiform bones, cuboid bone, bases of metatarsal bones 2-4
  • Actions
    Foot plantarflexion, Foot inversion, Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
  • Innervation
    Tibial nerve (L4, L5)
  • Blood supply
    Branches of the posterior tibial artery
37
Q

flexor digitorum longus
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Posterior surface of tibia
  • Insertion
    Bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
  • Action
    toe flexion, foot plantar flexion, foot inversion
  • Innervation
    Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)
  • Blood supply
  • Posterior tibial artery
38
Q

Flexor hallucis longus
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    (Distal 2/3 of) Posterior surface of fibula
  • Insertion
    Base of distal phalanx of great toe
  • Innervation
    Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
  • Function
    Toe flexion;Foot plantar flexion;Foot inversion
  • Blood supply
    Posterior tibial artery, fibular artery

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39
Q

Popliteus
(origin/insertion/innervation/action/blood supply)

A
  • Origin
    Lateral condyle of femur, posterior horn of lateral meniscus of knee joint
  • Insertion
    Posterior surface of proximal tibia
  • Innervation
    Tibial nerve (L4-S1)
  • Blood supply
    popliteal artery, posterior tibial recurrent artery, posterior tibial artery, nutrient artery of tibia
  • Function
    Unlocks knee joint; Knee joint stabilization

locomotor system (7 decks)

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