muscle functions and innervation

Question 1

Temporalis

Answer 1

Close jaw, flex TMJ, move scalp

Trigeminal n. (3rd branch) CN V3

Question 2

Masseter

Answer 2

Close jaw, flex TMJ, side-to-side (herbivores)

Trigeminal n., CN V-3

Question 3

Digastricus

Answer 3

Extend TNJ

Trigeminal CN v3

Question 4

Hyoglossal

Answer 4

retracts and depresses tongue,

hypoglossal n.

Question 5

Omotransversarius

Answer 5

moves scapula forward

Accessory n.

Question 6

Brachiocephalicus

Answer 6

extends shoulder joint

Accessory n.

Question 7

Trapezius

Answer 7

raises scapula dorsomedially, extends shoulder in motion

Accessory n.

Question 8

Rhomboideus

Answer 8

raises scapula

Accessory n.

Question 9

Scalaneus

Answer 9

Ventral flexion of neck (bilaterally), flexes neck laterally (unilateral), Resp accessory muscle - elevates first rib
Accessory n.

Question 10

Sternocephalicus

Answer 10

ventroflexion, lowers head, flexes neck unilaterally

Accessory n.

Question 11

Sterno-thyro-hyoideus

Answer 11

retracts tongue and larynx, lowers head

Segmental cervical nn.

Question 12

Serratus ventralis

Answer 12

supports weight of trunk, holds scapula to trunk, moves scapula to & away from neck
Long thoracic n.

Question 13

Supraspinatus

Answer 13

Stabilizes shoulder joint, extends shoulder joint

Suprascapular n.

Question 14

Infraspinatus

Answer 14

Stabilizes shoulder joint

Suprascapular n.

Question 15

Subscapularis

Answer 15

Stabilized shoulder joint, adducts foreleg

Subscapular n.

Question 16

Deltoidius

Answer 16

Flexes shoulder joint

Axillary n.

Question 17

Teres major/minor

Answer 17

flexes shoulder joint

Axillary n.

Question 18

Biceps brachii

Answer 18

flexes elbow

Musculocutaneous n.

Question 19

Brachialis

Answer 19

flexes elbow,

Musculocutaneous n.

Question 20

Triceps

Answer 20

extends elbow joint, long head extends shoulder joint

Radial n.

Question 21

Extensor carpi radialis

Answer 21

extends carpal joint

Radial n.

Question 22

Common digital extensor (thoracic limb)

Answer 22

extends carpal joint and distal phalanges

Radial n.

Question 23

Lateral digital extensor

Answer 23

extends carpal joint and proximal phalanges

Radial n.

Question 24

Ulnaris lateralis

Answer 24

further flexes and extends carpus

Radial n.

Question 25

Abductor pollicus longus | extensor carpi obliqus

Answer 25

Supination, abducts first digit (hitchhiker) | Radial n.

Question 26

Superficial digital flexors (thoracic limb)

Answer 26

flex phalanges | Median n.

Question 27

Deep digital flexors (thoracic limb)

Answer 27

flex digital phalanges | Ulnar n.

Question 28

Flexor carpi radialis

Answer 28

flexes carpus | Median n.

Question 29

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 29

``` flexes carpus (olecranon -> accessory carpal bone) Ulnar n. ```

Question 30

Superficial pectorals

Answer 30

adduct arm, prevent abduction, thoracic sling | Cranial pectoral nn.

Question 31

Deep pectorals

Answer 31

pulls trunk cranially, draws arm caudally, thoracic sling | Caudal pectoral n.

Question 32

Middle gluteal

Answer 32

extend & abduct hip (just dorsal to tensor fascia lata) | Cranial gluteal n.

Question 33

Superficial gluteal

Answer 33

``` extend hip (Alabama panhandle) Caudal gluteal n. ```

Question 34

Tensor fascia lata

Answer 34

flex hip, extend stifle (triangle shape) | Cranial gluteal n.

Question 35

Biceps femoris

Answer 35

``` extend hip (hamstring) Sciatic n. ```

Question 36

Semitendinosus

Answer 36

``` extends hip (hamstring) Sciatic n. ```

Question 37

Semimembranosus

Answer 37

``` extends hip (hamstring) femoral n. ```

Question 38

Rectus femoris (hot dog)

Answer 38

``` extends stifle (quad) Femoral n. ```

Question 39

Vastus lateralis/intermedius/medialis (hot dog bun)

Answer 39

flex hip, support weight (quad) | Femoral n.

Question 40

Sartorius (2 bellies, cranial upper leg)

Answer 40

flex hip joint, extend & flex stifle | Femoral n.

Question 41

Pectineus (small, thin, cranial to adductor - caudal femoral triangle)

Answer 41

adducts leg | Obturator n.

Question 42

Adductor (deep to gracilis)

Answer 42

adducts leg, extends hip | Obturator n.

Question 43

Gracilis (superficial, medial to hamstring)

Answer 43

adducts leg, flex stifle, extends hip & hock | Obturator n.

Question 44

Gastrocnemius (2 bellies, caudal leg)

Answer 44

extends tarsus, flex stifle | Tibial n.

Question 45

Long digital extensor (pelvic limb)

Answer 45

``` extend digits, flex tarsus Common peroneal (Fibular) n. ```

Question 46

Lateral digital extensor

Answer 46

extend digits | Common peroneal

Question 47

Superficial digital flexor (pelvic limb)

Answer 47

flex proximal phalanges | Tibial n.

Question 48

Deep digital flexor (pelvic limb)

Answer 48

Flex distal phalanges | Tibial n.

Question 49

Piriforis

Answer 49

extends hip | Caudal gluteal n.

Question 50

Cranial tibialis

Answer 50

flex tarsal joint, rotate paw medially | Common peroneal or Fibular n.

Question 51

Iliopsoas group

Answer 51

flex hip | Lumbar spinal nn., Femoral n.

Question 52

Peroneus longus (not in horse)

Answer 52

flex hock, extend digits | Peroneal n.

Question 53

Popliteus (just medical to tibial crest)

Answer 53

Stabilize stifle | Tibial n.

Question 54

Splenius

Answer 54

Supports head; extends head and neck | Segmental cervical nn.

Question 55

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 55

Flexes shoulder joint | Thoracodorsal n.