Muscle Gait Flashcards
(50 cards)
1
Q
You notice your friend you are jogging with runs with her knees in the varus position. She is also landing each stride on the lateral aspect of the foot. The gait pattern over-\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is associated with this and the actions of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ occur at the ankle. A. pronation / eversion / adduction B. supination / inversion / adduction C. pronation / eversion / abduction D. supination / inversion / abduction
A
B. supination / inversion / adduction
2
Q
The T5 sp has moved posterior and inferior. This is described as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ theta \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ plane. A. negative / x / median B. positive / x / coronal C. negative / z / frontal D. positive / z / sagittal
A
A. negative / x / median
3
Q
In a chiropractic evaluation, a left shortened QL will cause the lumbar curve over a period of time to produce which of the following? A. deviation to the weak side B. convexity to the right C. deviation to the strong side D. concavity to the left
A
C. deviation to the strong side
*this could also be worded, “convexity to the left”
4
Q
Hip flexion in a patient with a shortened piriformis will present with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ rotation. A. adduction / external B. abduction / internal C. adduction / internal D. abduction / external
A
D. abduction / external
5
Q
A patient presents to your office and you observe that as she is walking into the adjusting room there is an excessive amount of hip rotation on the right side. The normal amount of hip rotation on the right side. The normal amount of hip rotation is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ degrees and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ trochanter on the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ would be the fulcrum. A. 30 / lesser / right B. 30 / lesser / left C. 40 / lesser / right D. 40 / greater / left
A
D. 40 / greater / left
*The opposite hip joint acts as a fulcrum for this rotation (use greater rotation as reference point)
6
Q
The L1 vertebral body rotates to the right. This would equate to a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ theta \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ plane. A. negative / y / horizontal B. positive / y / transverse C. negative / z / median D. positive / z / sagittal
A
A. negative / y / horizontal
7
Q
You are testing the left oblique muscle group. The internal oblique laterally flexes the body to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ side and the external obliques rotates the body to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ side. A. contralateral / left B. ipsilateral / left C. contralateral / right D. ipsilateral / right
A
D. ipsilateral / right
* internals = same side
externals = opposite side
8
Q
Left lateral flexion of the T7 vertebra would be a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ theta \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ plane. A. negative / z / frontal B. positive / z / coronal C. negative / x / sagittal D. positive / x / median
A
A. negative / z / frontal
9
Q
The ability of a muscle to assume a length back to normal after stretching it is referred to as... A. extensibility B. elasticity C. amplitude D. contractility
A
B. elasticity
*extensibility means that muscles can be stretched to their normal resting length and beyond to a limited degree
10
Q
When assessing trunk flexion in infants, the lumbar lordisis should not yet be present by \_\_ months of age? A. 9 B. 10 C. 8 D. 7
A
D. 7
*at 8 months child exhibits good trunk extension with slight lumbar lordosis
11
Q
Your patient expresses to you that the cannot walk properly due to not being able to “push off” during the gait cycle. This occurs during the _______ phase of the gait cycle and the _______ peroneal nerve and _______ muscle should be tested.
A. swing / superficial / peroneus longus
B. stance / superficial / peroneous brevis
C. swing / deep / tibialis anterior
D. stance / deep / extensor hallicus longus
A
D. stance / deep / extensor hallicus longus
*swing phase = “AMD” acceleration, midswing, deceleration
12
Q
According to the adult grading chart, which grade would indicate neurogenic problem? A. 2 B. 5 C. 4 D. 3
A
A. 2
13
Q
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ muscle would be tested if you suspected your patient may have a condition called "winging" of the scapula and the neurological component is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ nerve. A. serratus anterior / long thoracic B. rhomboids / long thoracic C. serratus anterior / thoracodorsal D. rhomboids / dorsal scapular
A
A. serratus anterior / long thoracic
“SWALT”
Flaring = “FRDS” flaring, rhomboids, dorsal scapular n.
14
Q
A patient presents to your office telling you that he is having difficulty keeping himself from falling forward. All tests for CN 8 are unremarkable. Cerebellar tests are also unremarkable. Which of the following will most likely be the cause of your patients problem? A. gastroc tear / weakness B. vertigo C. soleus tear/ weakness D. UMNL
A
C. soleus tear/ weakness
15
Q
A patient presents to your office complaining of pain when extending his hip and knee on the left. He also says he is experiencing medial knee pain on the left. He is a high jumper on his college track team. What is the most likely muscle involved and name the condition associated with this. A. sartorius / osgood schlatters B. semitendinosis / anserine bursitis C. sartorius / anserine bursitis D. semimembranosis / osgood shlatters
A
B. semitendinosis / anserine bursitis
*sartorius would be involved as well but since he has pain with hip extension (sartorius does hip flexion) it’s gonna be the semitendinosis (hip extensor).
16
Q
A patient tells you they are experiences mid-back pain discomfort. The past weekend he was doing competitive rowing with his team at school. Which muscle and innervation are most likely cause of the patient's discomfort? A. serratus anterior / thoracodorsal B. lat dorsi / thoracodorsal C. pec major / lateral pectoral D. traps / spinal accessory
A
B. lat dorsi / thoracodorsal
17
Q
You are testing a patient's posterior neck extensor group of muscles. When testing the right side you find significant weakness. Which side is the head rotated to during a right side test and what is the muscle involved in the problem? A. left / scaleneus anticus B. left / spenius capitus C. right / longus capitus D. right / splenius capitus
A
D. right / splenius capitus
* posterior neck muscles = same side rotation
anterior neck muscles = opposite side rotation
18
Q
The extremes that a muscle can be stretched and shortened are referred to as... A. extensibility B. elasticity C. amplitude D. viscosity
A
C. amplitude
19
Q
A spasm of the left superior trap will cause \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ translation with rotation to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ side and lateral flexion to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. + Z / right / left B. + Y / left / left C. + Z / left / right D. + Y / right / right
A
A. + Z / right / left
20
Q
When describing viscosity in muscles, when you increase the body temperature you \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. increase the viscosity B. decrease the viscosity C. viscosity remains constant D. destroy muscle tissue
A
B. decrease the viscosity
21
Q
While examining a patient in your office, you notice that when you push the lateral thigh near the hip joint towards internal rotation against resistance the patient is unable to hold strong for the muscle test. Hip abductor and flexor muscle tests are unremarkable. The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ muscle would be involves and its innervation is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. piriformis / sacral plexus B. sartorius / femoral C. gluteas medius / superior gluteal D. psoas / lumbar plexus
A
A. piriformis / sacral plexus
22
Q
Pronation and supination of the forearm occur in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ plane around the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ coordinate. A. horizontal / y B. transverse / z C. sagittal / x D. frontal / y
A
A. horizontal / y
23
Q
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication to muscle testing?
A. fracture
B. chronic dislocation
C.
A
D. osteoporosis
24
Q
A patient presents in your office complaining of right shoulder pain. He tells you he fell and has been a pitcher on his baseball team for many years. The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ muscle would be suspected and its motion is in a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ plane around the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ coordinate. A. supraspinatus / frontal / z B. infraspinatus / coronal / x C. teres minor / horizontal / y D. subscap / transverse / z
A
A. supraspinatus / frontal / z
25
```
A 45 y/o woman presents in your office complaining of knee and posterior ankle pain. You notice she is wearing high heel shoes. She says she has worn high heels everyday for many years. Further tests reveal decreases ROM on ankle dorsiflexion and she is not able to fully extend the knee. Which muscle is most likely involved with this presentation?
A. gastroc
B. tibialis anterior
C. extensor hallicus longus
D. soleus
```
A. gastroc
26
```
You are evaluating a toddler on the tilt board. If the board is tilted to the right. the toddlers _______ arm and leg should _______ to the _______.
A. left / adduct / right
B. left / abduct / left
C. right / adduct / right
D. right / abduct / left
```
B. left / abduct / left
27
```
You are evaluating a patient in your office and conclude that there is a very good possibility that he has a shortened tfl on the left. Your findings would most likely show a genu _______ with a _______ short leg.
A. valgus / left
B. valgus / right
C. varus / left
D. varus / right
```
A. valgus / left
28
```
A patient presents in your office with a left upper trap spasm. He says he woke up with the spasm this morning. Biomechanically he would present in your office with his head in _______ lateral flexion, _______ rotation and _______ translation.
A. left / left / -z
B. right / right / -z
C. left / right / +z
D. right / left / +z
```
C. left / right / +z
29
You notice your patient has a hypolordosis. You would have them...
A. stretch hamstrings / strengthen psoas
B. strengthen abs / stretch erector spinae
C. stretch psoas / stretch iliocostalis
D. stretch biceps femoris / strengthen abs
A. stretch hamstrings / strengthen psoas
30
The triceps surae muscle group refers to...
gastroc and soleus
31
```
A patient present in your office stating that she is having difficulty holding her fork and the cafeteria tray with her food on it. She is also complaining of pain at the proximal lateral aspect of her forearm. Which muscle when evaluated would be the most likely cause of her problem?
A. pronator quadratus
B. pronator teres
C. extensor carpi ulnaris
D. supinator
```
D. supinator
32
```
Which of the following muscle is not involved in the action of horizontal flexion of the shoulder?
A. biceps
B. ant deltoids
C. pec major superior
D. coracobrachialis
```
A. biceps
33
```
A 4 month old baby when reaching for a toy her mother is holding exhibits spastic motions when reaching for it. This would indicate a problem with which of the following?
A. smoothness
B. rhythm
C. symmetry
D. all of the above
```
B. rhythm
34
```
Abduction and adduction of the hip occur in the _______ plane around the _______ coordinate and the _______ axis.
A. frontal / x / ap
B. sagittal / z / bilateral
C. horizontal / y / longitudinal
D. coronal / z / sagittal
```
D. coronal / z / sagittal
35
```
Inversion and eversion of the ankle occur in a _______ plane around a _______ axis and _______ coordinate.
A. coronal / a-p / z
B. frontal / bilateral / z
C. transverse / vertical / y
D. horizontal / a-p / y
```
A. coronal / a-p / z
36
```
A patient comes into your office in the winter with layers of clothes on and is complaining of pain in his knee, ankle, and hip on the right. Which of the following would be the most likely indicator during your supine leg check to indicate a gait problem?
A. transverse shoe creases
B. right glut max muscle atrophy
C. left glut max muscle atrophy
D. oblique shoe creases
```
D. oblique shoe creases
37
```
The insertion of the psoas muscle is the _______ trochanter and its actions are _______ and _______.
A. lesser / flexion / adduction
B. greater / flexion / abduction
C. lesser / flexion / abduction
D. greater / flexion / adduction
```
A. lesser / flexion / adduction
38
In a patient with a hyperlordosis you would find...
A. tight quads / weak abs
B. strong rectus femoris / weak erector spinae
C. strong biceps femoris / weak psoas
D. weak glut max / weak sartorius
A. tight quads / weak abs
| * Hyper = Tight Pussy SEQs
39
```
A patient presents to your office with sever rhomboid weakness. This could indicate _______ of the scapula with a _______ nerve insufficiency.
A. winging / dorsal scapular
B. flaring / dorsal scapular
C. winging / thoracodorsal
D. flaring / long thoracic
```
B. flaring / dorsal scapular
40
```
If the dorsiflexors of the foot are weak this could be most evident during _______ in the _______ phase of the gait cycle.
A. footflat / stance
B. heel strike / stance
C. deceleration / swing
D. toe-off / swing
```
A. footflat / stance
41
```
Most problems during the gait cycle occur in the _______ phase because of _______.
A. swing / hip problems
B. stance / full weight bearing
C. stance / weak hamstrings
D. swing / weak quads
```
B. stance / full weight bearing
42
```
A weakened left glut max will cause a _______ leg and a genu _______ presentation.
A. right long / valgus
B. left long / valgus
C. left short / valgus
D. right short / varus
```
B. left long / valgus
43
The components of the stance phase from beginning to end occur in which order?
A. heel strike, midstance, foot flat, push off
B. push off, heel strike, foot flat, midstance
C. midstance, foot flat, push off, heel strike
D. heel strike, foot flat, midstance, push off
D. heel strike, foot flat, midstance, push off
44
```
A right shortened upper trap will biomechanically cause the head to rotate to the _______ and laterally flex to the _______ with _______ translation.
A. left / right / +z
B. left / left / +x
C. right / left / +z
D. right / right / +x
```
A. left / right / +z
45
```
If a patient has a shortened piriformis on the right biomechanically it can cause a genu ______ deformity on the _______ side.
A. varus / left
B. varus / right
C. valgus / right
D. valgus / left
```
B. varus / right
| *piriformis only one to cause varus
46
```
The normal width of the base during gait is __ inches with a normal step length of __ inches
A. 3-6 / 12
B. 2-4 / 12
C. 3-6 / 15
D. 2-4 / 15
```
D. 2-4 / 15
47
```
The knee should remain _______ during all components of the stance phase except _______.
A. extended / toe off
B. flexed / heel strike
C. flexed / midstance
D. flexed / toe off
```
B. flexed / heel strike
48
```
The components of the swing phase from beginning to end occur in which order?
A. acceleration, midstance, deceleration
B. push off, acceleration, deceleration
C. midswing, acceleration, deceleration
D. acceleration, midswing, deceleration
```
D. acceleration, midswing, deceleration
49
```
The C5 facilitating muscle is the _______ while the inhibitor os the _______.
A. brachioradialis / biceps
B. biceps / brachioradialis
C. brachioradialis / triceps
D. middle delt / triceps
```
C. brachioradialis / triceps
50
```
The ability of a muscle to stretch is referred to as?
A. irritability
B. elasticity
C. amplitude
D. extensibility
```
D. extensibility
