Muscle Gross Anatomy

Question 1

What occurs when muscles contract?

Answer 1

Movement occurs when muscles contract.

Question 2

During muscle contraction, where does the insertion typically move?

Answer 2

Towards the origin.

Question 3

What is the origin of a muscle?

Answer 3

Proximal attachment to stationary bone.

Question 4

What is the insertion of a muscle?

Answer 4

Distal attachment to moving bone.

Question 5

What is the belly of a muscle?

Answer 5

Largest portion between origin and insertion.

Question 6

What types of muscle interactions are there?

Answer 6

• Prime mover (agonist)
• Synergists
• Antagonists

Question 7

What is the role of the prime mover (agonist)?

Answer 7

Primary muscle performing specific action.

Question 8

What do synergists do?

Answer 8

Muscles performing same action as primary muscle.

Question 9

What do antagonists do?

Answer 9

Muscles performing opposite action.

Question 10

Where do facial muscles originate and insert?

Answer 10

Originate on bone and insert into facial skin.

Question 11

Why are facial muscles important?

Answer 11

Important for non-verbal communication.

Question 12

What innervates the facial muscles?

Answer 12

Facial nerve (CN VII).

Question 13

What is the function of the frontalis muscle?

Answer 13

Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead.

Question 14

What does the orbicularis oculi muscle do?

Answer 14

Closes eye, originates from orbital bones.

Question 15

What is the function of the orbicularis oris?

Answer 15

Controls lip movement, closes and purses lips.

Question 16

What is the role of the buccinator muscle?

Answer 16

Compresses cheeks, keeps food centered in mouth.

Question 17

What does the zygomaticus muscle do?

Answer 17

Forms smile by pulling mouth corners up and out.

Question 18

What is the function of the platysma muscle?

Answer 18

Tenses skin of neck and chin.

Question 19

What is the purpose of mastication muscles?

Answer 19

Important for chewing.

Question 20

What innervates the mastication muscles?

Answer 20

Trigeminal nerve (CN V).

Question 21

What is the most powerful jaw muscle?

Answer 21

Masseter.

Question 22

What does the temporalis muscle do?

Answer 22

Elevates mandible.

Question 23

What does the sternocleidomastoid muscle do?

Answer 23

Head and neck flexion and rotation.

Question 24

What is the function of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 24

Trunk flexion, compresses abdomen.

Question 25

What do external and internal obliques do?

Answer 25

Trunk flexion.

Question 26

What is the role of the transversus abdominis?

Answer 26

Compresses abdominal contents.

Question 27

What does the quadratus lumborum affect?

Answer 27

Back flexion.

Question 28

What is the role of the splenius capitis?

Answer 28

Head and neck extension.

Question 29

What are the erector spinae muscles responsible for?

Answer 29

Postural muscles for trunk extension and keeping spine erect.

Question 30

What are the components of the erector spinae?

Answer 30

* Spinalis * Longissimus * Iliocostalis

Question 31

What is the purpose of scapular muscles?

Answer 31

Attach upper limb to body, move and stabilize scapula and clavicle.

Question 32

What are key muscles associated with scapular movement?

Answer 32

* Trapezius * Rhomboid Major and Minor * Levator Scapulae * Serratus Anterior

Question 33

What does the serratus anterior do?

Answer 33

Protraction of scapula.

Question 35

What is the insertion point of the Pectoralis Major?

Answer 35

Intertubercular groove of humerus

Question 36

What are the functions of the Pectoralis Major?

Answer 36

Extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder joint

Question 37

What is the origin of the Deltoid muscle?

Answer 37

Clavicle, acromion process, and spine

Question 38

Where does the Deltoid muscle insert?

Answer 38

Deltoid tuberosity

Question 39

What are the functions of the Deltoid muscle's anterior region?

Answer 39

Flexion and medial rotation at shoulder

Question 40

What is the function of the Deltoid muscle's middle region?

Answer 40

Abduction at shoulder

Question 41

What are the functions of the Deltoid muscle's posterior region?

Answer 41

Extension and lateral rotation at shoulder

Question 42

Name the muscles that make up the Rotator Cuff.

Answer 42

* Supraspinatus * Infraspinatus * Teres Minor * Subscapularis

Question 43

What is the origin and function of the Supraspinatus muscle?

Answer 43

Origin: Supraspinatus fossa of scapula; Function: Abduction at shoulder joint

Question 44

What is the insertion point of the Infraspinatus muscle?

Answer 44

Greater tubercle of humerus

Question 45

What is the function of the Infraspinatus muscle?

Answer 45

Lateral rotation of humerus

Question 46

What is the origin of the Teres Minor muscle?

Answer 46

Lateral border of scapula

Question 47

What is the function of the Teres Minor muscle?

Answer 47

Lateral rotation at shoulder joint

Question 48

What is the origin and insertion of the Subscapularis muscle?

Answer 48

Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula; Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

Question 49

What are the functions of the Subscapularis muscle?

Answer 49

Medial rotation and adduction at shoulder

Question 50

What are the primary muscles moving the forearm?

Answer 50

* Biceps Brachii * Brachialis * Triceps Brachii

Question 51

What is the origin of the Biceps Brachii?

Answer 51

Supraglenoid tubercle (long head) and coracoid process (short head)

Question 52

Where does the Biceps Brachii insert?

Answer 52

Radial tuberosity

Question 53

What are the functions of the Biceps Brachii?

Answer 53

Flexion at elbow joint and forearm supination

Question 54

What is the origin and insertion of the Brachialis muscle?

Answer 54

Origin: Anterior surface of humerus; Insertion: Coronoid process of ulna

Question 55

What is the function of the Brachialis muscle?

Answer 55

Flexion at elbow

Question 56

What is the origin of the Triceps Brachii?

Answer 56

Multiple points including superior and posterior surfaces

Question 57

Where does the Triceps Brachii insert?

Answer 57

Olecranon process of ulna

Question 58

What is the function of the Triceps Brachii?

Answer 58

Extension of forearm at elbow

Question 59

What types of muscles are included in the hand and finger muscles?

Answer 59

Both anterior (flexors) and posterior (extensors) groups

Question 60

What movements do the hand and finger muscles contribute to?

Answer 60

* Flexion * Extension * Adduction * Abduction

Question 61

What additional function do the anterior group of hand muscles assist with?

Answer 61

Forearm pronation

Question 62

What are intrinsic muscles?

Answer 62

Muscles that both originate and insert within the hand

Question 63

Where do the muscles generally originate?

Answer 63

On the scapula or axial skeleton (including clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilage)

Question 64

What areas do the muscles insert onto?

Answer 64

Their respective areas to perform specific movements at the shoulder, elbow, or wrist joints

Question 65

What muscle is part of the Anterior Group and is involved in hip flexion?

Answer 65

Iliopsoas ## Footnote Iliopsoas is a major hip flexor muscle.

Question 66

Which muscle originates from the anterior superior iliac spine?

Answer 66

Sartorius ## Footnote Sartorius is also part of the Anterior Group.

Question 67

What is the origin of the Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)?

Answer 67

Anterior superior iliac spine ## Footnote TFL is involved in stabilizing the hip.

Question 68

What is the action of the Gluteus Medius?

Answer 68

Hip abduction ## Footnote Gluteus Medius plays a crucial role in stabilizing the pelvis.

Question 69

Where does the Gluteus Maximus insert?

Answer 69

Lateral surface of femur ## Footnote Gluteus Maximus is the largest muscle in the gluteal region.

Question 70

What is the insertion point of the Adductor Longus?

Answer 70

Linea aspera of femur ## Footnote Adductor Longus is part of the Medial Group.

Question 71

Which muscle inserts at the proximal medial tibia?

Answer 71

Gracilis ## Footnote Gracilis aids in hip adduction.

Question 72

What is the common action of the Hamstring Group?

Answer 72

Knee flexion and hip extension ## Footnote The Hamstring Group includes Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus.

Question 73

Where does the Rectus Femoris originate?

Answer 73

Anterior inferior iliac spine ## Footnote Rectus Femoris is part of the Quadriceps Femoris Group.

Question 74

What is the origin of the Vastus Lateralis?

Answer 74

Greater trochanter and lateral femur ## Footnote Vastus Lateralis is a component of the Quadriceps Femoris Group.

Question 75

Fill in the blank: The _______ is located deep to the rectus femoris.

Answer 75

Vastus Intermedius ## Footnote Vastus Intermedius contributes to knee extension.

Question 76

What is the insertion of the Biceps Femoris?

Answer 76

Head of fibula ## Footnote Biceps Femoris is part of the Hamstring Group.

Question 77

What muscle group includes Tibialis Anterior?

Answer 77

Anterior Group ## Footnote Tibialis Anterior is involved in dorsiflexion of the ankle.

Question 78

Where does the Gastrocnemius originate?

Answer 78

Medial and lateral condyles of femur ## Footnote Gastrocnemius is a major calf muscle.

Question 79

What is the insertion point of Fibularis Longus?

Answer 79

1st cuneiform and 1st metatarsal ## Footnote Fibularis Longus helps in foot eversion.

Question 80

True or False: The intrinsic foot muscles are responsible for movement of the hallux and digits.

Answer 80

True ## Footnote These muscles are crucial for balance and support.

Question 81

How many intrinsic muscles are present in the foot?

Answer 81

19 ## Footnote These muscles play a vital role in foot function.