Muscle III- Muscle form and action at joints

Question 1

What 3 muscles make up the hamstrings?

Answer 1

• biceps femoris
• semi- membranosus
• semi- tendinosus

Question 2

what are the attachment points of the semi-membranosus and the semi- tendinosis?

Answer 2

Attach to ischium and tibia

Question 3

What are the properties/ steps of concentric actions

Answer 3

• muscle is active, develops tension
• Tension is greater than load
• muscle shortens
• change in joint position

Question 4

What are the attachment points and movements caused by the soleus

Answer 4

• • posterior tibia and joins with gastrocnemius at calaneus tendon to connect to calcaneus
• involved with plantar-flexion
• is deep to gastrocnemius

Question 5

What are the attachment points and movements caused by the iliopsoas?

Answer 5

• Psoas major attachment starts at end of thoracic vertebrae and runs down lumbar vertebrae
• Iliacus attaches to Ilium
• joint muscle runs anterior to hip and attaches to medial femur
• causes hip flexion

Question 6

What are the attachment points and movements caused by the triceps brachii?

Answer 6

• long head attaches to scapula
• medial and lateral heads attach to humerus
• all attach to ulna at olecranon (pointy part of elbow)
• runs posterior to shoulder and elbow so responsible for extension at these joints

Question 7

What are the properties/ steps of eccentric actions?

Answer 7

• muscle is active, develops tensions
• tension is less than load
• muscle elongates
• change in joint position

Question 8

what are the attachment points and movements caused by the Gluteus maximus?

Answer 8

• attaches superiorly to hip bone and sacrum, runs down and across to attach to medial femur
• causes hip extension

Question 9

What are the names and attachment points of the three other muscles in the quadriceps femoris and their attachment points and movements

Answer 9

• calles vasti muscles
• vasti lateralis attaches to lateral femur
• vasti intermedius attaches to anterior femur and it deep to rectus femoris
• vasti medialis attaches to medial femur
• all 4 attach to patella which connects to tibial tuberosity via ligament
• movement is knee extension

Question 10

What are the properties of a 1st class lever?

Answer 10

• fulcrum is between load and applied force
• function is to stabilise position of joint
• e.g. nodding head

Question 11

name the 4 types of muscle roles:

Answer 11

• agonist
• antagonist
• stabiliser
• neutraliser

Question 12

What two muscles make up the illiopsoas

Answer 12

• iliacus
• psoas major
  ( they merge together at inferior end)

Question 13

What are fibres arranged vertically between muscle tendons called?

Answer 13

parallel

Question 14

What are the attachment points of the biceps femoris

Answer 14

• 2 heads
• one attaches to ischium and other to femur
• both attach to fibula

Question 15

What are the three types of muscle contraction?

Answer 15

• concentric
• eccentric
• isometric

Question 16

What are the movements caused by the hamstrings?

Answer 16

extension of hip and flexion of knee

Question 17

What type of action do agonist muscle produce around a joint

Answer 17

concentric

Question 18

What do neutraliser muscles do?

Answer 18

• eliminates unwanted movement caused by another muscle

- e.g. pronator muscle eliminate supination caused by biceps brachii

Question 19

What are the properties of 2nd class levers?

Answer 19

• load between fulcrum and applied force
• function is to overcome heavy loads
• e.g. plantarflexion

Question 20

What are the properties of isometric action?

Answer 20

• muscle is active, develops tension
• tension does not outweigh load
• no change in muscle length
• no change in joint position

Question 21

What are the movements caused by, and the attachment places of the biceps brachii?

Answer 21

• attaches to scapula and radial tuberosity
• anterior to shoulder an elbow joints so causes flexion of shoulder and elbow
• connection to radius also causes supination

Question 22

What two muscles are in the triceps surae

Answer 22

gastrocnemius and soleus

Question 23

What type of action do antagonist muscles produce around a joint?

Answer 23

eccentric

Question 24

What are the names of the three heads of the triceps brachii?

Answer 24

• long head
• lateral head
• medial head

Question 25

What are the benefits and costs of pennate arrangement of muscle fibres?

Answer 25

- more fibres fit into same space( greater CSA) | - reduced shortening

Question 26

What are the attachment points and movements caused by the gastrocnemius?

Answer 26

- 2 heads which attach to posterior condoyles of femur - connects to soleus with calcaneus tendon which attaches to calcaneus (heel) - involves with plantarflexion and knee flexion

Question 27

What action to muscles with a stabiliser role produce?

Answer 27

Isometric

Question 28

What is muscle tension proportional to?

Answer 28

cross sectional area (CSA)

Question 29

what is the name of the main middle muscle of Quadriceps femoris and its superior attachment point therefor movement it is individually responsible for?

Answer 29

- rectus femoris | - Attaches to hip bone and runs anterior to hip joint so helps with hip flexion

Question 30

What are the properties of 3rd class levers?

Answer 30

- applied force between fulcrum and load - function is large ROM and speed - flexion at elbow

Question 31

What are the attachment points and movements cause by the deltoid

Answer 31

- 3 attachment places- scapula, clavicle and humerus - main movement (concentric) is shoulder abduction - also involved with shoulder flexion and extension

Question 32

What are the attachment points and movements caused by the tibialis anterior?

Answer 32

- attaches to tibial tuberosity and medial foot - crosses anterior to ankle joint - involved with doriflexion and inversion

Question 33

What are fibres arranges oblique to the muscle tendon called?

Answer 33

pennate