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Anatomy & Physiology > Muscle - Lower Limb > Flashcards

Muscle - Lower Limb Flashcards

0
Q

iliopsoas - psoas major

A

with iliacus, two closely related muscles; fibers pass under inguinal ligament to insert into femur via a common tendor

origin: transverse processes, bodies, and discs of T12 and lumbar vertebrae
insertion: on and just below lesser trochanter of femur
action: flex trunk on thigh; flex thigh; lateral flexion of vertebral column (psoas specifically)

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1
Q

iliopsoas - iliacus

A

one of two closely related muscles; fibers pass under inguinal ligament to insert into femur via a common tendon. Iliacus more lateral than psoas major.

origin: iliac fossa and crest, lateral sacrum
insertion: on and just below lesser trochanter of femur
action: flex trunk on thigh; flex thigh

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2
Q

Sartorius

A

straplike superficial muscle running obliquely across anterior surface of thigh to knee

origin: anterior superior iliac spine
insertion: by an aponeurosis into medial aspect of proximal tibia
action: flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee; (“tailor’s muscle”)

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3
Q

adductors - magnus

A

part of large muscle mass forming medial aspect of thigh; arise from front of pelvis and insert at various levels on femur

origin - ischial and pubic rami and ischial tuberosity

insertion - linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur

action - adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh; (posterior part of magnus also synergist in thigh extension

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4
Q

adductor longus **

A

part of large muscle mass forming medial aspect of thigh; arise from front of pelvis and insert at various levels on femur

origin - pubis near pubic symphysis

insertion - linea aspera

action: adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh

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5
Q

adductor brevis

A

part of large muscle mass forming medial aspect of thigh; arise from front of pelvis and insert at various levels on femur

origin - body and inferior pubic ramus

insertion - linea aspera

action - adduct and medially rotate and flex thigh

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6
Q

pectineus

A

overlies adductor brevis on proximal thigh

origin - pectineal line of pubis (and superior pubic ramus)

insertion - inferior from lesser trochanter to linea aspera of femur

action - adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh

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7
Q

gracilis **

A

straplike superficial muscle of medial thigh

origin - inferior ramus and body of pubis

insertion - medial surface of tibia just inferior to medial condyle

action - adducts thigh; flexes and medially rotates leg (esp during walking)

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8
Q

rectus femoris **

A

superficial muscle of thigh; runs straight down thigh; only muscle of group to cross hip joint

origin - anterior inferior iliac spine and superior margin of acetabulum

insertion - tibial tuberosity and patella

action - extends knee and flexes thigh at hip

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9
Q

vastus lateralis

A

forms lateral aspect of thigh; intramuscular injection site

origin - greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, and linea aspera

insertion - tibial tuberosity and patella

action - extends and stabilizes knee

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10
Q

vastus medialis

A

forms inferomedial aspect of thigh

origin - linea aspera and intertrochanteric line

insertion - tibial tuberosity and patella

action - extends knee; stabilizes patella

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11
Q

vastus intermedius

A

obscured by rectus femoris; lies between vastus lateralis and vastus medialis on anterior thigh

origin - anterior and lateral surface of femur

insertion - tibial tuberosity and patella

action - extends knee

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12
Q

tensor fasciae latae

A

enclosed between fascia layers of thigh

origin - anterior aspect of iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine

insertion - iliotibial tract (lateral portion of fascia lata)

action - steadies trunk (flexes, abducts, and medially rotates thigh)

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13
Q

gluteus maximus

A

largest and most superficial of gluteal muscles; intramuscular injection site

origin - dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx

insertion - gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract

action - complex, powerful thigh extensor; (antagonist of iliopsoas; laterally rotates and abducts thigh)

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14
Q

gluteus medius **

A

partially covered by gluteus maximus; intramuscular injection site.

origin - upper lateral surface of ilium

insertion - greater trochanter of femur

action - abducts and medially rotates thigh (steadies pelvis while walking)

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15
Q

gluteus minimus

A

smallest and deepest gluteal muscle

origin - external inferior surface of ilium

insertion - greater trochanter of femur

action - abducts and medially rotates thigh (steadies pelvis)

16
Q

hamstrings - biceps femoris

A

most lateral muscle of group; arises from two heads

origin - ischial tuberosity (long head); linea aspera and distal femur (short head)

insertion - tendon passes laterally to insert into head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

action - extends thigh; flexes knee; (laterally rotates leg)

17
Q

fibularis (peroneus) longus **

A

superficial lateral muscle; overlies fibula

origin - head and upper portion of fibula

insertion - by long tendon under foot to metatarsal I and medial cuneiform

action - plantar flexes and everts foot (keeps foot flat on ground)

18
Q

fibularis (peroneus) brevis

A

smaller muscle; deep to fibularis longus

origin - distal portion of fibular shaft

insertion - by tendon running behind lateral malleolus to insert on proximal end of metatarsal V

action - plantar flexes and everts food (part of fibularis group)

19
Q

tibialis anterior

A

superficial muscle of anterior leg; parallels sharp anterior margin of tibia

origin - lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of tibia; interosseous memb

insertion - by tendon into inferior surface of first cuneiform and metatarsal I

action - prime mover of dorsiflexion; (inverts foot, supports longitudinal arch of foot

20
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

anterolateral surface of leg; lateral to tibialis anterior

origin - lateral condyle of tibia; proximal 3/4 of fibula; interosseous memb

insertion - tendon divides into four parts; inserts into middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5

action -prime mover of toe extension (dorsiflexes foot)

21
Q

fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A

small muscle; often fused to distal part of extensor digitorum longus

origin - distal anterior surface of fibula and interosseous memb

insertion - tendon inserts on dorsum of metatarsal V

action - dorsiflexes and everts foot

22
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

deep to extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior

origin - anteromedial shaft of fibula and interosseous memb

insertion - tendon inserts on distal phalanx of great toe

action - extends great toe (dorsiflexes foot)

23
Q

triceps surae

A

refers to muscle pair below that shapes posterior calf

origin -

insertion - via common tendon (calcaneal) into calcaneus of heel

action - plantar flex foot

24
Q

gastrocnemius

A

superficial muscle of pair; two prominent bellies

origin - by two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur

insertion - calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

action - plantar flexes foot when knee is extended; (crosses knee joint, thus can flex knee when foot dorsiflexed)

25
Q

soleus

A

deep to gastrocnemius

origin - proximal portion of tibia and fibula; interosseous memb

insertion - calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

action - plantar flexion (impt muscle for locomotion)

26
Q

popliteus

A

thin muscle at posterior aspect of knee

origin - lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

insertion - proximal tibia

action - flexes and rotates leg medially to “unlock” extended knee when knee flexion begins

27
Q

tibialis posterior

A

thick muscle deep to soleus

origin - superior portion of tibia and fibula and interosseous memb

insertion - tendon passes obliquely behind medial malleolus and under arch of foot; inserts into several tarsals and metatarsals II-IV

action - prime mover of foot inversion; (plantar flexes fot; stabilizes longitudinal arch)

28
Q

flexor digitorum longus

A

runs medial to and partially overlies tibialis posterior

origin - posterior surface of tibia

insertion - distal phalanges of toes 2-5

action - flexes toes; plantar flexes and inverts foot

29
Q

flexor hallucis longus

A

lies lateral to inferior aspect of tibialis posterior

origin - middle portion of fibula shaft; interosseous memb

insertion - tendon runs under foot to distal phalanx of great toe

action - flexes hallux; plantar flexes and inverts foot (“push off muscle” during walking)

30
Q

hamstrings - semitendinosus

A

medial to biceps femoris

origin - ischial tuberosity

insertion - medial aspect of upper tibial shaft

action - extends thigh; flexes knee; medially rotates leg

31
Q

hamstrings - semimembranosus **

A

deep to semitendinosus

origin - ischial tuberosity

insertion - medial condyle of tibia; lateral condyle of femur

action - extends thigh; flexes knee; medially rotates leg

Anatomy & Physiology (8 decks)

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