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Gross Anatomy - Lower Extremity > Muscle Manual - Lower Extremity and Back > Flashcards

Muscle Manual - Lower Extremity and Back Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Layer: superficial

PA: 
Ilium - Posterior to the Posterior Gluteal Line
Sacrum - Dorsal Surface
Coccyx - Dorsal Surface
Sacrotuberous ligament

DA:
Iliotibial tract
Femur - Gluteal Tuberosity

Nerve: Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Action: Hip Extension and Lateral Rotation

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2
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Layer: superficial

PA: Ilium - Between Anterior and Posterior Gluteal Lines

DA: Femur - Greater Trochanter

Nerve: Superior Gluteal Nerve

Action:
OKC: Hip abduction and Medial Rotation
CKC: Keeps Pelvis Level when opposite leg is raised

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3
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

Layer: superficial

PA: Ilium - between Anterior and Inferior gluteal lines

DA: Femur - greater trochanter

Nerve: Superior Gluteal Nerve

Action:
OKC: Hip abduction and Medial Rotation
CKC: Keeps Pelvis Level when opposite leg is raised

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4
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata

A

Layer: superficial

PA: Ilium - Anterior Superior Iliac Spine and Iliac Crest

DA: Iliotibial Tract

Nerve: Superior Gluteal Nerve

Action: Hip Flexion, Abduction, and Medial Rotation

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5
Q

Piriformis

A

Layer: Deep

PA:
Sacrum - Ventral Surface
Sacrotuberous Ligament

DA: Femur - Greater Trochanter

Nerve: Ventral Rami of S1-S2 Spinal Nerves

Action:
Hip Extended: Hip lateral rotation
Hip Flexed: Hip Abduction

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6
Q

Obturator Internus

A

Layer: Deep

PA:
Obturator Membrane - medial surface
surrounding bones

DA: Femur - Greater Trochanter

Nerve: Nerve to Obturator Internus

Action:
Hip Extended: Hip lateral rotation
Hip Flexed: Hip Abduction

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7
Q

Superior and Inferior Gemelli

A

Layer: Deep

PA:
Superior: Ischium - Ischial Spine
Inferior: Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity

DA: Femur - Greater Trochanter

Nerve:
Superior: Nerve to Obturator Internus
Inferior: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris

Action:
Hip Extended: Hip lateral rotation
Hip Flexed: Hip Abduction

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8
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

PA: Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity

DA: Femur: Quadrate Tubercle

Nerve: Nerve to Quadratus Femoris

Action: Hip Lateral Rotation

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9
Q

Semitendinosus

A

PA: Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity

DA: Tibia (Proximal) - Medial Surface

Nerve: Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve

Action:
Hip Extension
Knee Flexion and medial rotation when the knee is flexed

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10
Q

Semimembranosus

A

PA: Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity

DA: Tibia - Posterior Surface of the Medial Condyle

Nerve: Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve

Action:
Hip Extension
Knee Flexion and medial rotation when the knee is flexed

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11
Q

Biceps Femoris

A 
PA:
Long head:
Ischium - Ischial Tuberosity
Short head:
Femur - Linea Aspera; Lateral Supracondylar Line

DA: Fibula - Head

Nerve:
Long Head: Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve
Short Head: Common Fibular Division of Sciatic Nerve

Action:
Long Head: Hip extension and lateral rotation when the hip and knee are extended
Knee flexion and lateral rotation when the knee is flexed

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12
Q

Pectineus

A

PA: Pubis - Superior Ramus
DA: Femur - Pectineal Line
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Hip Adduction and Flexion; Assists in hip Medial Rotation

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13
Q

Sartorius

A

PA: Ilium: ASIS and Superior part of the notch inferior to the ASIS
DA: Tibia - (Proximal) Medial Surface
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Hip flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation; Knee flexion and medial rotation (of the tibia on the femur)

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14
Q

Psoas Major

A

PA: TV12-LV5 - bodies, intervertebral discs, and transverse processes
DA: Femur - Lesser Trochanter (with tendon of Iliacus)
Innervation: Ventral Rami of L1 - L3 Spinal Nerves
Action: Hip flexion

Note: classified by Moore as a muscle of the posterior abdominal wall

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15
Q

Iliacus

A

PA: Ilium: Iliac Crest and Iliac Fossa
DA: Femur - Lesser Trochanter (with tendon of Psoas Major)
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Hip flexion

Note: Moore also classifies this muscle as a muscle of the posterior abdominal wall

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16
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

PA: Ilium - AIIS and superior to the acetabulum
DA: Base of Patella and Tibial tuberosity of the tibia (via Patellar ligament)
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Hip Flexion and Knee Extension

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17
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A

PA: Femur - Greater Trochanter and Lateral Lip of Linea Aspera
DA: Base of Patella and Tibial Tuberosity (Via Patellar Ligament)
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Knee Extension

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18
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

PA: Intertrochanteric Line and Medial Lip of Linea Aspera
DA: Base of Patella and Tibial Tuberosity (Via Patellar Ligament)
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Knee Extension

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19
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

PA: Femur - anterior and lateral surfaces of body
DA: Base of Patella and Tibial Tuberosity (Via Patellar Ligament)
Innervation: Femoral Nerve
Action: Knee Extension

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20
Q

Adductor Longus

A

PA: Pubis - Body, inferior to Pubic Crest
DA: Femur - Middle Part of Linea Aspera
Innervation: Anterior Branch of Obturator Nerve
Action: Hip Adduction and Weak Flexion

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21
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

PA: Pubis - Body and Inferior Ramus
DA: Femur - Pectineal Line and Proximal part of Linea Aspera
Innervation: Anterior Branch of Obturator Nerve
Action: Hip Adduction and Weak Flexion

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22
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

PA:
Adductor Part - Pubis: inferior ramus; Ischium: Ramus
Hamstrings Part - Ischium: Ischial Tuberosity

DA:
Adductor Part - Femur: Gluteal Tuberosity, Linea Aspera, Medial Supracondylar Line
Hamstrings Part - Femur: Adductor Tubercle

Innervation:
Adductor Part - Posterior Branch Obturator Nerve
Hamstrings Part - Tibial Division of Sciatic Nerve

Action:
Adductor Part - Hip Flexion
Hamstrings Part - Hip Extension
Both - Hip Adduction

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23
Q

Gracilis

A

PA: Pubis - Body and Inferior Ramus
DA: Tibia - proximal medial surface
Innervation: Obturator Nerve
Action: Hip Adduction and knee flexion and medial rotation (of the tibia on the femur)

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24
Q

Obturator Externus

A

PA: Obturator Membrane - Lateral Surface and Surrounding Bones
DA: Femur - Trochanteric Fossa
Innervation: Obturator Nerve
Action: Hip Lateral Rotation

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25
Tibialis Anterior
PA: Tibia - Lateral Condyle and proximal to middle lateral surface; interosseous membrane DA: Medial Cuneiform and Base of 1st metatarsal Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve Action: Ankle dorsiflexion; Foot inversion
26
Extensor Digitorum Longus
PA: Tibia - Lateral Condyle; Fibula - Proximal to middle medial surface; interosseous membrane DA: Lateral 4 digits extensor expansions Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve Action: extends the lateral 4 digits at the MTP, PIP, and DIP joints; weak ankle dorsiflexion
27
Extensor Hallucis Longus
PA: Fibula - middle anterior surface; interosseous membrane DA: Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve Action: extends the great toe at MTP and IP joints; weak ankle dorsiflexion
28
Fibularis Tertius
PA: Fibula - Distal anterior surface; interosseous membrane DA: base of the 5th metatarsal Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve Action: Foot eversion; weak ankle dorsiflexion
29
Fibularis Longus
PA: Fibula - head and proximal to middle lateral surface DA: Medial Cuneiform and Base of the 1st metatarsal Innervation: Superficial Fibular Nerve Action: Foot Eversion and Weak ankle plantarflexion
30
Fibularis Brevis
PA: Fibula - middle to distal lateral surface DA: 5th Metatarsal - Tuberosity Innervation: Superficial Fibular Nerve Action: Foot Eversion and Weak Ankle Plantarflexion
31
Gastrocnemius
PA: Lateral head - lateral condyle of the femur Medial head - superior to medial condyle of the femur DA: Calcaneus - Posterior Surface via Calcaneal Tendon Innervation: Tibial Nerve Action: Ankle Plantarflexion when the knee is extended; knee flexion
32
Soleus
PA: Fibula - head and proximal posterior surface Tibia - soleal line and medial border DA: Calcaneus - posterior surface via calcaneal tendon Innervation: Tibial Nerve Action: Ankle Plantarflexion
33
Plantaris
PA: Femur - Lateral Supracondylar Line Oblique popliteal ligament DA: Calcaneus - Posterior surface via calcaneal tendon Innervation: Tibial Nerve Action: weakly assists gastrocnemius
34
Popliteus
PA: Femur - Lateral Condyle Lateral Meniscus DA: Tibia - Posterior surface proximal to soleal line Innervation: Tibial Nerve Action: Weakly flexes the knee Unlocks the knee - rotates the tibia medially when the tibia is unfixed (OKC) and rotates the femur laterally when the tibia is fixed (CKC)
35
Flexor Hallucis Longus
PA: Fibula - middle to distal posterior surface Interosseous Membrane DA: base of distal phalanx of great toe tendinous slip to tendon of flexor digitorum longus Innervation: Tibial Nerve Action: Great Toe IP and MTP flexion; Weak MTP and IP flexion of the lateral 4 joints; Weak Ankle Plantar Flexion
36
Flexor Digitorum Longus
PA: Tibia - Posterior surface distal to soleal line Fibula via a broad tendon DA: Bases of the distal phalanges of the lateral 4 digits Tendinous slip to the tendon of Flexor Hallucis Longus Innervation: Tibial Nerve Action: Flexion of the lateral 4 digit MTP, PIP, and DIP joints; weak great toe MTP and IP flexion; weak ankle plantarflexion
37
Tibialis Posterior
PA: Interosseous Membrane Tibia - Posterior Surface Distal to Soleal Line Fibula - Posterior Surface ``` DA: Navicular - Tuberosity Cuneiforms Cuboid Calcaneus - Sustentaculum Tali Bases of metatarsals 2-4 ``` Innervation: Tibial Nerve Action: Ankle Plantarflexion; Foot Inversion
38
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
PA: Calcaneus Interosseous Talocalcaneal Ligament Inferior Extensor Retinaculum DA: Tendons of Extensor Digitorum Longus Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve Action: Lateral 4 digits IP and MTP Joint Extension
39
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
PA: Calcaneus Interosseous Talocalcaneal Ligament Inferior Extensor Retinaculum DA: Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Great Toe Innervation: Deep Fibular Nerve Action: Great Toe MTP Joint Extension
40
Abductor Hallucis
Layer: 1 PA: Calcaneus - Medial Tubercle of Tuberosity Flexor Retinaculum Plantar Aponeurosis DA: Base of the Proximal Phalanx of the Great Toe Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve Action: Great Toe MTP Abduction and Flexion
41
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Layer: 1 PA: Calcaneus - Medial Tubercle of Tuberosity Plantar Aponeurosis Intermuscular Septa DA: Lateral 4 digits - both sides of middle phalanges Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve Action: MTP and PIP flexion of the lateral 4 digits
42
Abductor Digiti Minimi
PA: Calcaneus - Medial and Lateral Tubercles of Tuberosity Plantar Aponeurosis Intermuscular Septa DA: base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve Action: 5th digit MTP joint Abduction and Flexion
43
Quadratus Plantae
Layer: 2 PA: Calcaneus DA: FDL tendons Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve Action: Lateral 4 digits IP and MTP joint flexion
44
Lumbricals
Layer: 4 (4 unipennate muscles) PA: FDL tendons DA: Medial aspects of the extensor expansions of the lateral 4 digits Innervation: 1st lumbrical: Medial Plantar Nerve 2-4 lumbricals: Lateral Plantar Nerve Action: Lateral 4 digit MTP flexion and IP extension
45
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Layer: 3 PA: Cuboid Lateral Cuneiform DA: Great toe - base of the proximal phalanx Innervation: Medial Plantar Nerve Action: Great toe MTP joint flexion
46
Adductor Hallucis
Layer: 3 PA: Oblique head - bases of 2nd - 4th Metatarsals Transverse head - plantar ligaments of MTP joints DA: great toe - base of the proximal phalanx Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve Action: Great to MTP adduction
47
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Layer: 3 PA: Base of the 5th metatarsal DA: Base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve Action: 5th digit MTP flexion
48
Plantar Interossei
Layer: 4 (3 unipennate muscles) PA: medial sides of 3rd - 5th metatarsals DA: bases of the proximal phalanges of digits 3-5 Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve Action: 3rd - 5th digit ADDuction toward the axial line; Lateral 3 digit MTP joint flexion
49
Dorsal Interossei
Layer: 4 (4 bipennate muscles) PA: Metatarsals 1-5 (adjacent sides) DA: 1st dorsal - medial side of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd digit 2-4: lateral sides of the proximal phalanges of digits 2-4 Innervation: Lateral Plantar Nerve Action: 2-4th digit ABDuction from axial line 2-4th digit MTP joint flexion
50
Serratus Posterior Superior
Intermediate Extrinsic Back Muscle (Moore also classifies it as a muscle of the thoracic wall) Innervation: 2-5th Intercostal Nerves Action: Proporiception, Elevates the ribs
51
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Intermediate Extrinsic Back Muscle (Moore also classifies it as a muscle of the thoracic wall) Innervation: Ventral Rami T9 - T12 Spinal Nerves Action: Proprioception, depress ribs
52
Splenius
Deep Intrinsic Back Muscle Layer: Superficial Sections: Capitis -> Fibers run superolaterally Cervicis -> Fibers run superolaterally Innervation: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves Action: Unilateral ->head and neck lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation Bilateral -> head and neck extension
53
Erector Spinae
Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles Layer: Intermediate Sections: (lateral to medial) Iliocostalis: Lumborum, Thoracis, Cervicis Fibers run superiorly Longissimus: Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis Fibers Run Superiorly Spinalis Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis Fibers run superiorly Innervation: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves Action: Unilateral: Head and vertebral column Lateral Flexion Bilateral: Head and Vertebral Column Extension
54
Transversospinal
Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles Layer: Deep ``` Sections: Semispinalis Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis Span 4-6 Vertebrae Fibers run superomedially ``` Multifidus Most prominent in lumbar region Span 2-4 Vertebrae Fibers run superomedially Rotatores Best Developed in thoracic region Span 1-2 vertebrae Fibers run superomedially Innervation: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves Action: Unilateral: Head and vertebral column contralateral rotation Bilateral: Head and vertebral column extension; primary postural stabilizers
55
Interspinalis
Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles Layer: Minor Deep Fibers: run vertically between spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae Innervation: Dorsal Rami of Spinal Nerves Action: Aid in Vertebral Column extension and rotation
56
Intertransversarii
Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles Layer: Minor Deep Fibers: run vertically between transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae Innervation: Dorsal Rami and ventral rami of Spinal Nerves Action: Aid in Vertebral Column lateral flexion
57
Levatores Costarum
Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles (Moore Also Classifies them as a muscle of the thoracic wall) Layer: Minor Deep Fibers: run inferolaterally between transverse processes oc thoracic vertebrae and ribs Innervation: Dorsal Rami of of C8 - T11 Spinal Nerves Action: Elevate Ribs and Aid in Vertebral Column lateral flexion
58
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Innervation: Dorsal Ramus C1 Spinal Nerve (suboccipital nerve) Action: Unilateral -->. Head ipsilateral rotation Bilateral --> head Extension
59
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Innervation: Dorsal Ramus C1 Spinal Nerve (suboccipital nerve) Action: Head Extension
60
Obliquus Capitis Superior
Innervation: Dorsal Ramus C1 Spinal Nerve (suboccipital nerve) Action: Unilateral -->. Head Lateral Flexion Bilateral --> Head Extension
61
Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Innervation: Dorsal Ramus C1 Spinal Nerve (suboccipital nerve) Action: Unilateral -->. Neck ipsilateral rotation Bilateral --> Neck Extension

Gross Anatomy - Lower Extremity (11 decks)

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