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Muscle OINA + Other information Flashcards

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1
Q

OINA of Masseter

A

Zygomatic arch
Lateral surface of ramus of mandible
Trigeminal nerve (mandibular division)
Elevates mandible to occlude teeth

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2
Q

Origin at Temporal fossa
Inserts at Coronoid process of the mandible

MNA

A

Temporalis
Trigeminal (mandibular division)
Elevation of mandible (anterior and superior fibers) + Retraction of mandible (posterior fibers)

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3
Q

Innervated by the Trigeminal (mandibular division)
Pulls the neck of the mandible forward

MOI

A

Lateral pterygoid (2 heads)
Greater wing of sphenoid and lateral pterygoid plate
Neck of the mandible and articular disc

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4
Q

OINA of Medial pterygoid (2 heads)

A

Tuberosity of the maxilla and lateral pterygoid plate
Medial surface of the angle of the mandible
Trigeminal (mandibular division)
Elevates the mandible

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5
Q

Originates at the deep fascia over the Pectoralis Major and the Deltoid

MINA

A

Platysma
Body of the mandible and angle of the mouth
Facial nerve (cervical branch)
Depresses mandible and angle of the mouth

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6
Q

OINA of Sternocleidomastoid

A

Manubrium Sterni and medial third of the clavicle
Mastoid process of the temporal bone and occipital bone
CN 11 (spinal) and C2 and C3
Bilateral capital extension and cervical flexion + Unilateral ipsilateral lateral flexion and contraleral rotation

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7
Q

OINA of Anterior belly of Digastric

A

Body of the mandible
Intermediate tendon (held to the hyoid by a fascial sling)
Trigeminal (Nerve to mylohyoid)
Depresses the mandible OR elevates the hyoid

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8
Q

OINA of Posterior belly of Digastric

A

Mastoid process of the temporal bone
Intermediate tendon (held to the hyoid by a fascial sling)
Facial nerve
Depresses the mandible OR elevates the hyoid

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9
Q

Originates at the styloid process
Inserts at the body of the hyoid

MNA

A

Stylohyoid
Facial nerve
Elevates the hyoid

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10
Q

OINA of the Mylohyoid

A

Mylohyoid line of the body of the mandible
Body of the hyoid and fibrous raphe
Inferior alveolar nerve (branch of mandibular nerve; CN 5)
Elevates the floor of the mouth and hyoid OR depresses the mandible

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11
Q

OINA of the Geniohyoid

A

Inferior mental spine of the mandible
Body of the hyoid bone
C1
Elevates the hyoid OR depresses the mandible

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12
Q

Originates at the Manubrium sterni
Inserts at the hyoid

MNA

A

Sternohyoid
Ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)
Depresses the hyoid

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13
Q

Originates at the Manubrium sterni
Inserts at the oblique line on lamina of the thyroid cartilage

MNA

A

Sternothyroid
Ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)
Depresses the larynx

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14
Q

OINA of the Thyrohyoid

A

Oblique line on lamina of the thyroid cartilage
Lower border of the hyoid
C1
Depresses the hyoid OR elevates the larynx

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15
Q

Inferior or Superior Digastric?

Originates at the lower border of the body of the hyoid

A

Superior

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16
Q

Inferior or Superior Digastric?

Originates at the upper margin of the scapula and suprascapular ligament

A

Inferior

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17
Q

Inferior or Superior Digastric?

Innervated by the Ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)

A

Both

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18
Q

The Inferior and Superior Digastric insert to an intermediate tendon held by a fascial sling where?

A

To the clavicle and first rib

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19
Q

Common action of the Inferior and Superior Digastric

A

Depresses the hyoid

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20
Q

Which Scalene muscle/s?

Originates at the transverse processes of the upper six cervical vertebrae

A

Scalenus medius

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21
Q

Which Scalene muscle/s?

Inserts at the 1st rib

A

Scalenus anterior and Scalenus medius

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22
Q

Which Scalene muscle/s?

Originates at the transverse processes of the lower cervical vertebrae

A

Scalenus posterior

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23
Q

Which Scalene muscle/s?

Originates at the transverse processes of the 3rd to 6th cervical vertebrae

A

Scalenus anterior

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24
Q

Which Scalene muscle/s?

Innervated by the Anterior rami of cervical nerves

A

Scalenus medius and Scalenus posterior

note: Scalenus anterior is specified to be innervated by C4, C5, and C6

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25
Which Scalene muscle/s? Elevates the first rib
Scalenus anterior and Scalenus medius
26
Which Scalene muscle/s? Elevates the second rib
Scalenus posterior
27
Common action of ALL the scalenes
Ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation
28
Muscles that dampen vibrations (sound)
Tensor Tympani (at the tympanic membrane), Stapedius (at the Stapes)
29
OIN of the Tensor Tympani
Wall of the auditory tube and wall of its own canal Handle of the malleus Trigeminal nerve (mandibular division)
30
OIN of the Stapedius
Pyramid (bony projection on the posterior wall of the middle ear) Neck of the Stapes Facial nerve
31
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue and their OINA
``` Longitudinal, Transverse, and Vertical muscle fibers Median Septum and submucosa Mucous membrane Hypoglossal nerve Alters the shape of the tongue ```
32
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Glossus muscles (Palatoglossus, Genioglossus, Hyoglossus, and Styloglossus)
33
Which extrinsic tongue muscle? Originates the the Superior genial spine of the mandible Protrudes the apex of the tongue through the mouth
Genioglossus Insertion via blending with other tongue muscles Innervation by CN 12
34
Which extrinsic tongue muscle? Originates at the body and Greater cornu of the hyoid Depresses the tongue
Hyoglossus Insertion via blending with other tongue muscles Innervation by CN 12
35
Which extrinsic tongue muscle? Originates at the Styloid process of the temporal bone Draws the tongue backward and upward
Styloglossus Insertion via blending with other tongue muscles Innervation by CN 12
36
OINA of the Palatoglossus
Palatine aponeurosis Side of the tongue Pharyngeal plexus Pulls the roots of the tongue upward and backward + narrows the oropharyngeal isthmus
37
OIN of the External Oblique
Lower eight ribs Xiphoid process, Linea alba, Pubic crest, Pubic tubercle, and Iliac crest Lower six thoracic nerves and Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal (L1) nerves
38
OIN of the Internal Oblique
Lumbar fascia, Iliac crest, Lateral two-thirds of the Inguinal ligament Lower three ribs and costal cartilages, Xiphoid process, Linea alba, and Symphysis Pubis Lower six thoracic nerves, and Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal (L1) nerves
39
Common action of the Internal and External Obliques
Supports and compresses the abdominal contents Assists in flexing and rotating the trunk Assists in forced expiration, micturition, defecation, parturition, and vomiting
40
Fiber orientation of the Internal and External Obliques, and its effect on their rotation, lateral flexion, and flexion
EVIA External: V-shaped Internal: A-shaped Unilaterally: trunk rotation (ipsilateral internal, contralateral external) Bilaterally: trunk flexion
41
OINA of the Transversus
Lower six costal cartilages, Lumbar fascia, Iliac crest, Lateral third of the Inguinal ligament Xiphoid process, Linea alba, Symphysis Pubis Lower six thoracic nerves, and Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal (L1) nerves Compresses the abdominal contents
42
OINA of the Rectus Abdominis
Symphysis pubis and Pubic crest 5th, 6th, 7th, costal cartilages and Xiphoid process Lower six thoracic nerves Compresses the abdominal contents + flexes the vertebral column + accessory muscle of expiration
43
Muscle of the anterior abdominal wall that may or may not be present, and serves to tense the Linea alba
Pyramidalis Originates at the anterior surface of the Pubis Inserts at the Linea alba Innervated by the 12th thoracic nerve
44
Difference in the Origin and Innervation of the Pectoralis Major and Minor muscles
Pectoralis Major Origin at the clavicle, sternum, and upper six costal cartilages Innervated by the Medial and Lateral Pectoral nerves (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1; major: C6, C7, C8) Pectoralis Minor Origin at the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs Innervated by the Medial Pectoral nerve (C6, C7, C8; major: C7)
45
IA of the Pectoralis Major
Lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus | Adducts the arm + IR of the arm + flexes the arm (clavicular fibers) (FAdIR)
46
IA of the Pectoralis Minor
Coracoid process of the scapula | Depresses the point of the shoulder + Elevates the ribs of origin if the scapula is fixed
47
OINA of the Subclavius
1st costal cartilage Clavicle Nerve to Subclavius from the upper trunk (C5, C6; major: C5) Depresses the clavicle + steadies the clavicle during movements of the shoulder girdle
48
OINA of the Serratus Anterior
Upper eight ribs Medial border and Inferior angle of the scapula Long Thoracic Nerve (C5, C6, C7; major: C6, C7) Draws the scapula forward and anterior around the thoracic wall + rotates the scapula
49
Common origin of the Trapezius muscle fibers
Occipital bone, Ligamentum nuchae, Spine of C7, Spines of T1 - T12
50
Upper, Middle, or Lower Trapezius muscle fibers? Inserts at the lateral third of the clavicle
Upper fibers
51
Upper, Middle, or Lower Trapezius muscle fibers? Inserts at the acromion and spine of the scapula
Middle and Lower fibers
52
Common Innervation of the Trapezius muscle fibers
CN 11 (spinal part) for motor; C3 and C4 for sensory
53
Upper, Middle, or Lower Trapezius muscle fibers? Elevates the scapula
Upper fibers
54
Upper, Middle, or Lower Trapezius muscle fibers? Pulls the scapula medially
Middle fibers
55
Upper, Middle, or Lower Trapezius muscle fibers? Pulls the medial border of the scapula downward
Lower fibers
56
Large muscle that originates at the Iliac crest, Lumbar fascia, spines of the lower six thoracic vertebrae, lower three or four ribs, and inferior angle of the scapula INA
Latissimus Dorsi Inserts at the floor of the bicipital groove of the humerus Innervated by the Thoracodorsal nerve from the Posterior cord (C6, C7, C8; major: C7) Extension, Adduction, and IR of the arm (ExAdIR)
57
OINA of the Levator Scapulae
Transverse process of the first four cervical vertebrae Medial border of the scapula Dorsal Scapular nerve, and C3 and C4 Raises the medial border of the scapula
58
The Rhomboids muscles differ only in? a. Origin b. Insertion c. Nerve supply d. Action
a. Origin Rhomboid Minor originates at the Ligamentum nuchae and spines of the 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae Rhomboid Major originates at the 2nd to 5th thoracic spines Note: Insertion may be answered as long as it is specified where along the medial border of the scapula the Rhomboids are inserted (but according to Snell, it is just the medial border of the scapula)
59
Common INA of the Rhomboids
Medial border of the scapula (Rhomboid Minor lies superiorly) Dorsal Scapular nerve and C4 (major: C4) Raises the medial border of the scapula upward and medially
60
OIN of the Deltoids
Lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula Middle of the lateral surface of the shaft of the humerus (Deltoid tubercle) Axillary nerve (C5, C6; major: C5)
61
Anterior or Posterior Deltoid muscle fibers? Abducts the arm
Both
62
Anterior or Posterior Deltoid muscle fibers? Medially rotates the arm
Anterior
63
Anterior or Posterior Deltoid muscle fibers? Extends the arm
Posterior
64
Anterior or Posterior Deltoid muscle fibers? Externally rotates the arm
Posterior
65
Anterior or Posterior Deltoid muscle fibers? Internally rotates the arm
Anterior
66
OINA of the Supraspinatus
Supraspinous fossa of the scapula Greater tuberosity of the humerus and GH joint capsule Suprascapular nerve from Upper trunk (C4, C5, C6; major C5) Abducts the arm + stabilizes the shoulder joint
67
Muscles that Insert at the Greater tuberosity of the humerus (and capsule of the shoulder joint)
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor
68
ONA of the Infraspinatus
Infraspinous fossa of the scapula Suprascapular nerve from Upper trunk (C4, C5, C6; major C5) ER of the arm + stabilizes the shoulder joint
69
OINA of the Subscapularis
Subscapular fossa of the scapula Lesser tuberosity of the humerus Upper and Lower Subscapular nerves from the Posterior cord (C5, C6, C7; major: C6) IR of the arm + stabilizes the shoulder joint
70
ONA of the Teres Minor
``` Upper two thirds of the lateral border of the scapula Axillary nerve (C4, C5, C6; major: C5) Er of the arm + stabilizes the shoulder joint ```
71
OINA of the Teres Major
Lower third of the lateral border of the scapula Medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus Lower subscapular nerve (C6, C7; major C6) IR of the arm + Adducts the arm + stabilization of the shoulder joint
72
Internal rotators of the arm
``` Pectoralis Major Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Teres Major Anterior Deltoid ```
73
External rotators of the arm
Infraspinatus Teres Minor Posterior Deltoid
74
Muscles of the Anterior compartment of the arm
Biceps Brachii Coracobrachialis Brachialis
75
Muscles of the Posterior compartment of the arm
Triceps
76
The heads of the Biceps Brachii differ only in? a. Origin b. Insertion c. Nerve supply d. Action
a. Origin The Long head originates at the Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula The Short head originates at the Coracoid process of the scapula
77
Common INA of the Biceps Brachii heads
``` Tuberosity of the radius and Bicipital apneurosis into the deep fascia of the forearm Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6; major: C6) Elbow flexion + Forearm supination + Weak shoulder flexion ```
78
OINA of the Coracobrachialis
Coracoid process of the scapula Medial aspect of the shaft of the humerus Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7; major: C6) Shoulder flexion + Weak shoulder adduction
79
OINA of the Brachialis
Front and lower half of the humerus Coronoid process of the ulna Musculocutanous nerve (C5, C6; major: C6) Elbow flexion
80
Long, Medial, or Lateral head of the Triceps? Innervated by the Radial Nerve (C6, C7, C8; major: C8)
All
81
Long, Medial, or Lateral head of the Triceps? Extends the elbow
All
82
Long, Medial, or Lateral head of the Triceps? Originates at the Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Long head
83
Long, Medial, or Lateral head of the Triceps? Originates at the Upper half of the posterior surface of the shaft of the humerus
Lateral head
84
Long, Medial, or Lateral head of the Triceps? Originates at the Lower half of the posterior surface of the shaft of the humerus
Medial head
85
Long, Medial, or Lateral head of the Triceps? Inserts at the Olecranon process of the Ulna
All
86
Pelvic Floor muscles
*PIC* Pubococcygeus Iliococcygeus Coccygeus The Levator Ani is composed of the Pubo- and Iliococcygeus, along with the Puborectalis muscles
87
Lateral rotator group of the thigh; Also known as?
``` Red Carpet Muscles Gemellus (superior and inferior) Obturator (internus and externus) Piriformis Quadratus Femoris ```
88
OINA of the Piriformis
Front of the sacrum Greater trochanter of the femur Sacral plexus Hip ER Piriformis = "pear-shaped"
89
OINA of the Quadratus Femoris
Lateral border of the Ischial tuberosity Quadrate tubercle of the femur Sacral plexus (L5, S1) Hip ER
90
OINA of the Obturator Internus
Inner Surface of the Obturator membrane Upper border of the Greater trochanter of the femur Sacral plexus (L5, S1; major: S1) Hip ER
91
OINA of the Obturator Externus
Outer surface of the Obturator membrane and Pubic and Ischial rami Medial surface of the Greater trochanter Obturator nerve (L3, L4; major: L4) Hip ER
92
OINA of the Gemellus Superior
Spine of the Ischium Upper border of the Greater trochanter of the femur Sacral plexus (L5, S1) Hip ER
93
OINA of the Gemellus Inferior
Ischial tuberosity Upper border of the Greater trochanter of the femur Sacral plexus (L5, S1) Hip ER
94
OIN of the Gluteus Maximus
Outer surface if the Ilium, Sacrum, and Coccyx; Sacrotuberous ligament Iliotibial tract of the Gluteal tuberosity of the femur Inferior Gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2; major: S1, S2)
95
Superior or Inferior fibers of the Gluteus Maximus? Hip Abduction
Superior fibers
96
Superior or Inferior fibers of the Gluteus Maximus? Hip Adduction
Inferior fibers
97
Superior or Inferior fibers of the Gluteus Maximus? Hip Extension and ER; maintains knee extension via the ITB
Both
98
OIN of the Gluteus Medius
Outer surface of the Ilium Lateral surface of the greater trochanter of the femur Superior Gluteal nerve (L5, S1; major: L5)
99
Anterior or Posterior fibers of the Gluteus Medius? Hip IR
Anterior fibers
100
Anterior or Posterior fibers of the Gluteus Medius? Hip ER
Posterior fibers
101
Anterior or Posterior fibers of the Gluteus Medius? Hip abduction + stabilization of the pelvis
Both Stabilization of the pelvis occurs during ambulation, wherein the contralateral Gluteus medius tilts the side of the pelvis of the swing limb upward for LE clearance
102
OINA of the Gluteus Minimus
Outer surface of the Ilium Anterior surface of the greater trochanter of the femur Superior Gluteal nerve (L5, S1; major: L5) Hip abduction + Hip ER According to Snell, participates in pelvic stabilization during ambulation as well
103
OINA of the Tensor Fasciae Latae
Iliac crest Iliotibial tract Superior Gluteal nerve (L4, L5; major L4) Assists the Gluteus Maximus in extending the knee joint + Hip Flexion + Hip Abduction + Hip IR (FAbIR)
104
OINA of the Sartorius
Anterior superior iliac spine Upper medial surface of the shaft of the tibia Femoral nerve (L2, L3) Hip flexion + Hip Abduction + Hip ER (Hip FAbER); Knee flexion + Knee IR (Knee FIR)
105
Iliacus
Iliac fossa of the hip bone Lesser trochanter of the femur (with Psoas) Femoral nerve (L2, L3; major L2) Flexes the thigh on the trunk OR flexes the trunk on the thigh if the thigh is fixed
106
Psoas
``` Transverse processes, intervertebral discs, and vertebral bodies of vertebrae T12 - L5 Lesser trochanter of the femur (with Iliacus) Lumbar Plexus (L1, L2, L3; major L1, L2) (Femoral nerve) Flexes the thigh on the trunk OR flexes the trunk on the thigh if the thigh is fixed ``` Psoas muscle = "muscle of the loins"
107
Most consistent hip flexor?
Iliacus
108
The only hip flexor that retains its function beyond 90 degrees of hip flexion?
Psoas
109
OINA of the Pectineus
Superior ramus of the Pubis Upper end of the Linea Aspera of the femur (Pectineal line) Femoral nerve (L2, L3; major L2) Hip Flexion + Hip Adduction Pectineus = "pecten" = comb
110
Muscles of the Quadriceps Femoris
Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis Vastus Intermedius *Tensor Vastus Intermedius (TVI) (discovered 2016)
111
Difference in the origin of the heads of the Rectus Femoris
Straight head: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS) | Reflected head: Ilium above the acetabulum
112
Common insertion and nerve supply of the Quadriceps Femoris
``` Quadriceps tendon into the patella; then the Ligamentum Patellae into the Tubercle of the Tibia Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4; major: L3, L4) ```
113
Which among the Quadriceps? Originates at the upper end and shaft of the femur
Vastus Lateralis and Medialis
114
Which among the Quadriceps? Originates at the anterior and lateral surfaces of the shaft of the femur
Vastus Intermedius
115
Which among the Quadriceps? Extends the knee
All
116
Which among the Quadriceps? Additional function of flexing the thigh
Rectus Femoris
117
Which among the Quadriceps? Additional function of stabilizing the patella. What is this structure?
Vastus Medialis; VMO (Vastus Medialis Obliquus)
118
Which among the Quadriceps? Additional function of retracting the synovial membrane of the knee. What is this structure?
Vastus Intermedius; Articularis Genus
119
Pes Anserine muscles
"Sergeant" muscles (SGT) Sartorius Gracilis SemiTendinosus
120
Common insertion of the Pes Anserine muscles
Medial side of the upper tibia
121
OINA of the Gracilis
Inferior ramus of the pubis and ramus of the ischium Upper part of the shaft of the tibia on the medial surface Obturator nerve (L2, L3; major L2) Hip Adduction + Knee flexion
122
OINA of the Adductor Longus
Body of the Pubis (medial to the pubic tubercle) Posterior surface of the shaft of the femur (Linea Aspera) Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4; major: L3, L4) Hip Adduction + assists in Hip ER
123
OINA of the Adductor Brevis
Inferior ramus of the Pubis Posterior surface of the shaft of the femur (Linea Aspera) Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4; major: L3, L4) Hip Adduction + assists in Hip ER
124
OINA of the Adductor Magnus
Adductor portion: Inferior ramus of the Pubis and Ramus of the Ischium Hamstring portion: Ischial tuberosity Adductor portion: Posterior surface of the shaft of the femur Hamstring portion: Adductor tubercle of the femur Adductor portion: Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4; major: L3, L4) Hamstring portion: Tibial nerve Adductor portion: Hip Adduction + assists in Hip ER Hamstring portion: assists in Hip Extension
125
Muscles of the Hamstrings
Biceps femoris (long and short head) Semitendinosus Semimembranosus)
126
Long or short head of the Biceps Femoris? Originates at the Ischial tuberosity
Long head
127
Long or short head of the Biceps Femoris? Originates at the Linea aspera and lateral supracondylar ridge of the shaft of the femur
Short head
128
Long or short head of the Biceps Femoris? Inserts at the head of the fibula
Both heads
129
Long or short head of the Biceps Femoris? Innervated by the Tibial nerve (via Sciatic nerve) (L5, S1, S2; major: S1)
Long head
130
Long or short head of the Biceps Femoris? Innervated by the Common Peroneal nerve (via Sciatic) (L5, S1, S2; major: S1)
Short head
131
Long or short head of the Biceps Femoris? Hip extension
Long head
132
Long or short head of the Biceps Femoris? Knee flexion + Knee ER
Both heads
133
OINA of the Semitendinosus
Ischial tuberosity Upper part of the medial surface of the shaft of the tibia Tibial nerve (via Sciatic) (L5, S1, S2; major L5, S1) Hip extension + Knee flexion + Knee IR
134
OINA of the Semimembranosus
Ischial tuberosity Medial condyle of the tibia Tibial nerve (via Sciatic) (L5, S1, S2; major L5, S1) Hip extension + Knee flexion + Knee IR
135
Muscle that originates at the lateral surface of the shaft of the tibia, and inserts at the medial cuneiform and base of the 1st metatarsal MNA
Tibialis anterior Innervated by the Deep Peroneal nerve (L4, L5; major: L4) Ankle DF + STTT Inversion + hold up the MLA
136
Muscle that originates at the anterior surface of the shaft of the fibula, and inserts at the extensor expansion of the lateral four toes MNA
Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) Innervated by the Deep Peroneal nerve (L5, S1) Toe extension + Ankle DF
137
Muscle that is innervated by the Deep Peroneal nerve (L5, S1), and acts to dorsiflex the ankle and evert the foot MOI
Peroneus Tertius Originates at the anterior surface of the shaft of the fibula Inserts at the base of the 5th metatarsal
138
Muscle that originates at the anterior surface of the shaft of the fibula, and inserts at the base of the distal phalanx of the great toe MNA
Extensor Hallucis Longus (EHL) Innervated by the Deep Peroneal nerve (L5, S1) Great toe extension + Ankle DF + STTT Inversion
139
OINA of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Calcaneum Four tendons into the proximal phalanx of the big toe and long extensor tendons to the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th toes Deep Peroneal nerve (S1, S2) Toe extension
140
Peroneus Longus or Brevis? Originates at the lateral surface of the shaft of the fibular
Both
141
Peroneus Longus or Brevis? Inserts at the base of the 1st metatarsal and the medial cuneiform
Peroneus Longus
142
Peroneus Longus or Brevis? Inserts at the base of the 5th metatarsal
Peroneus Brevis
143
Peroneus Longus or Brevis? Innervated by the Superficial Peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2; major: L5, S1)
Both
144
Peroneus Longus or Brevis? Additional function of supporting the Transverse arch
Peroneus Longus
145
Peroneus Longus or Brevis Additional function of supporting the LLA
Both
146
Peroneus Longus or Brevis? Ankle PF + STTT Eversion
Both
147
OINA of the Gastrocnemius muscles
Lateral head: Lateral condyle of the femur Medial head: Medial condyle of the femur ``` Achilles tendon into the posterior aspect of the calcaneum Tibial nerve (S1, S2; major: S1) Ankle PF + Knee flexion ```
148
OINA of the Plantaris
Lateral supracondylar ridge of the femur Posterior surface of the calcaneum Tibial nerve (S1, S2; major: S1) Ankle PF + Knee flexion
149
OINA of the Soleus
Shaft of the tibia and fibula Achilles tendon into the posterior aspect of the calcaneum Tibial nerve (S1, S2; major: S2) Ankle PF Provides the propulsive force in walking and running together with the Gastrocnemius
150
OINA of the Popliteus
Lateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur Posterior surface of the shaft of the tibia above the Soleal line Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1) Knee flexion + Unlocks the knee in the Screw-Home mechanism (Femoral ER in CKC or Tibial IR in OKC) Popliteus is also known as the "Key of the Knee"
151
OINA of the Tibialis Posterior
Posterior surface of the shafts of the tibia and fibula, and interosseus membrane Tuberosity of the Navicular bone and other neighboring bones Tibial nerve (L4, L5) Ankle PF + STTT Inversion + Supports the MLA
152
Muscle that originates at the posterior surface of the shaft of the tibia, and inserts at the bases of the distal phalanges of the lateral four toes MNA
Flexor Digitorum Longus (FDL) ``` Innervated by the Tibial nerve (S2, S3; major: S2) Toe flexion (DIP of lateral four toes) + Ankle PF + Supports the MLA and LLA ```
153
Muscle that originates at the posterior surface of the fibula, and inserts at the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe MNA
Flexor Hallucis Longus (FHL) Innervated by the Tibial nerve (S2, S3; major: S2) Great toe flexion (DIP) + Ankle PF + Supports the MLA
154
Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
``` Quadriceps Femoris (Rectus Femoris and Vastus muscles) Sartorius Iliacus Psoas Pectineus ```
155
Muscles of the Medial Compartment of the Thigh
Gracilis Obturator Externus Adductor muscles (Longus, Brevis, Magnus (Adductor part))
156
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Thigh
``` Hamstring muscles (Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus) Hamstring part of the Adductor Magnus ```
157
Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Leg
``` Tibialis Anterior Peroneus Tertius EDL EDB EHL ```
158
Muscles of the Lateral Compartment of the Leg
Peroneus Longus | Peroneus Brevis
159
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Leg
``` Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris Tibialis Posterior Popliteus FDL FHL ```

Book of Tables (14 decks)

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