Muscle Strength/Length

Question 1

Hip Flexor Strength

Answer 1

Bring knee to chest

G3: No resistance until hip at 90 and then need to apply a small pressure (to equivalent of gravity) beyond this point.;

Question 2

Hip Extensor Strength (Gluteals)

Answer 2

Patient prone

Knee to 90, pushing the foot up to the sky.

May be easier as isometric

Need to stabilise the lumbar spine

Question 3

Hip Extensor Strength (Hamstrings)

Answer 3

Patient in prone, knee extended.

Apply force above the knee.

Question 4

Hip Abductors Strength

Answer 4

Patient in supine for G2 and use slider board

G3 and above:

Patient side-lying, bottom leg bent and top leg straight.

Towel underneath the waist.

Stabilise the pelvis and apply force just above the knee.

Question 5

Hip Adductors Strength

Answer 5

Isometrically.

Supine Crook lying, fist in between knees for short adductors, fists in between the ankles for long adductors.

Question 6

Hip Internal and External Adductors Strength

Answer 6

Isometrically.

Done in either sitting or via a clam.

Question 7

Gluteal Muscle Group LENGTH

Answer 7

Bring the hip into extension and then if no stretch is acquired can move the patient into more adduction and internal rotation by bringing the knee across the chest.

Question 8

Hamstrings LENGTH

Answer 8

Supine. Bring the leg straight up.

Question 9

Psoas Major & Rec Fem LENGTH

Answer 9

Thomas Test

• Patient at end of bed and rise bed to gluteal fold
• Help patient roll back onto the bed with where the pillow is located already.
• Towel between foot and chest

Push leg down with hand for Psoas Major & Rec Fem with the leg.

Question 10

Hip Adductors LENGTH

Answer 10

Hook other leg over the other side of the bed and take the bed into abduction.

Question 11

ITB LENGTH

Answer 11

Patient in side lying
- Bottom leg tucked forward and held by the patient at the chest
- Top leg handing off the bed behind the bed
- Push the leg down to achieve more of a stretch

Question 12

Quadriceps Strength

Answer 12

Seated at the edge of the bed with knee going into extension

G3 no assistance required
G4 & G5 - Apply pressure as normal.

Stabilise above the knee.

Question 13

Hamstrings Strength

Answer 13

Prone, bringing the ankle up towards the bum

Need to apply pressure at 90 for G3 as the muscle is no longer working against gravity.

Question 14

Calf Strength

Answer 14

Knee Extended for Gastroc

Towel under knee (Knee flexed) for soleus

Could be a functional test
- Single leg calf raise (1-2 reps G3, 3-5 reps G4, 6 or more reps G5)

Question 15

Quadriceps LENGTH

Answer 15

Side Lying

Do full flexion first and lock it with hand/forearm

Then start to bring the leg into more hip extension

Question 16

Gastroc Length

Answer 16

Knee extended, bring the foot into dorsi flexion

Question 17

Soleus Length

Answer 17

Knee to wall sit

Question 18

Inversion (Tib Ant/Post)

Answer 18

Isometric, resisting eversion

Question 19

Eversion (Peroneals)

Answer 19

Isometric, resisting inversion

Question 20

Flexor Hallicus Longus

Answer 20

Dorsi flex the big toe

Question 21

Transverses Abdominus Activation Strength

Answer 21

Supine, crook lying. Feel the tendon insertion medial to the ASIS.

Stop Peeing whilst still breathing

Question 22

Multifidus

Answer 22

4 Point kneel

Palpated around the lower segments of the lumbar spine.

Think about arching your back without actually doing it.

Question 23

QL Length

Answer 23

Patient side Lying, towel underneath the waist, bottom leg flexed and top leg straight, arms crossed

Therapist applies force to lateral iliac crest and the insertion away from the origin of the ribs.

Question 24

L. Dorsi Length

Answer 24

Patient Supine

Take the patients arm into shoulder flexion, abduction and external rotation. Also knee to get the patient into a posterior pelvic tilt by placing pillows underneath the hips and knees.

Question 25

Shoulder Flexion Strength

Answer 25

Standing or sitting, isometric contraction. Therapist resists from in front of the patient.

Question 26

Shoulder Extension Strength

Answer 26

Standing or sitting, isometric contraction. Therapist resists from in Behind of the patient.

Question 27

Shoulder Abduction Strength

Answer 27

Patient standing, elbows bent. isometric contraction

Question 28

Shoulder Adduction Strength

Answer 28

Patient standing elbows bent. Therapists arms crossed to resist isometric adduction.

Question 29

External/Internal Rotation

Answer 29

isometric resistance through the hands. Prone for G2

Question 30

P.Major Strength

Answer 30

Patient in supine

Clavicular Head: Arm abducted to 90, resisting lateral flexion

Sternal Head: arm abducted to 110, resisting lateral flexion.

Question 31

P.Major Length

Answer 31

Patient Supine

Clavicular Head: Shoulder abducted, externally rotated and external rotation

Sternal Head: Shoulder abducted to 130 degrees, external rotation, horizontal extension

Question 32

Elbow Flexion Strength

Answer 32

Patient Supine

Apply force to wrist elbow flexion through the forearm at 90.

G3 - Will need to apply force once the elbow gets to 90.

Question 33

Elbow Extension Strength

Answer 33

Patient in prone

Arm slightly abducted so humerus rests on the bed.

Patient can do the G3 without resistance and therapist can apply force for G4-5.

Question 34

Elbow Supination & Pronation

Answer 34

Patient sitting, elbow at 90 degrees resting on a towel.

Isometric resistance at different angles trying to supinate and pronate.

Question 35

Biceps Brachii Length

Answer 35

Patient Supine.

Elbow bent initially. Take the patient into shoulder extension first and then elbow extension, making sure to look after the humeral head. (Therapists uses their legs as they have to get lower to do the movement)

Question 36

Triceps Brachii Length

Answer 36

Patient supine

Elbow begins in extension. Take the shoulder in flexion first and then bring the elbow into flexion.

Question 37

Wrist Extensor Length

Answer 37

Patient Supine, towel underneath upper arm.

Patient taken into wrist flexion with fingers relaxed and elbow extension.

Question 38

Wrist Flexors Length

Answer 38

Need to get the elbow into extension and then wrist extension with fingers relaxed

Question 39

Long Finger Flexor Stretch

Answer 39

Wrist & Finger Extension
Therapist to place fingers across the distal MCs to keep fingers in flexion

Question 40

Long Finger Extensor Stretch

Answer 40

Wrist and finger flexion.

Therapist curls patients fingers tightly before taking them into wrist flexion (Elbow must be extended).

Question 41

Cervical Flexion, Extension, Rotation

Answer 41

Isometric Testing

Place the hand where you want to the patient to match your resistance.

Flexion - Hand on forehead
Extension - Hand on the back of the head
Rotation - Hand on the side of the head

Question 42

Upper Trapezius Length

Answer 42

Achieved by taking the patient into contralateral flexion whilst then are in supine. Put a towel underneath the patients head

Question 43

Upper Cervical Extensors length

Answer 43

Patient in supine, Take the patient into cervical flexion with hands supporting the occiput.

Question 44

Levator Scapulae Length

Answer 44

To stretch we need to take the patient into contralateral cervical lateral flexion, cervical flexion and cervical rotation. Therapist to also use one hand to stabilise the scapula