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Pharm 110 Muscle system > Muscle System > Flashcards

Muscle System Flashcards

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1
Q

Epicranius (occipitofrontalis) frontal belly

A

Covers forehead and dome of skull – no bony attachments
O: epicranial aponeurosis
I: face skin eyebrows Fixes aponeurosis and raises eyebrows (surprise) – wrinkles forehead horizontally

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2
Q

Epicranius (occipitofrontalis) Occipital belly

A

By pulling on the epicranial aponeurosis it fixes the origin of the frontal belly
Fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly

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3
Q

Corrugator supercilia (wrinkle eyebrow)

A

Small muscle associated with Orbicularis oculi
O: frontal bone
I: skin of eyebrow
Draws eyebrows medially and inferiorly angry eyebrows

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4
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

Thin, flat muscle around eyelid
O: frontal and maxillary bones
I: skin of eyelids
Closes eye- blinking and squinting

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5
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Complicated multilayer muscle that runs in many directions around the mouth
O: maxilla and mandible
I: skin of mouth
Closes lips: kissing and whistling

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6
Q

Zygomaticus

A

Major and minor – pair that extend from cheekbone to corner of mouth
O: zygomatic bone
I: skin of mouth
Raises lateral side of mouth - smiling

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7
Q

Risorius (laughter)

A

Razor like slender muscle inferior and lateral to Zygomaticus
O: masseter
I: skin of mouth
Draws corner of lips laterally – synergist to Zygomaticus

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8
Q

Levator labii superioris (raise lip above)

A

Thin muscle between Orbicularis oris and inferior eye margin
O: zygomatic bone and maxilla
I: upper lip
Opens lips

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9
Q

Depressor labii inferioris

A

Small
O: mandible
I: lower lip
Draws lower lip inferiorly - pout

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10
Q

Depressor anguli oris

A

Small muscle lateral to Depressor labii inferioris
O: mandible
I: skin mouth
Draws corners of mouth down (grimace) antagonist to Zygomaticus

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11
Q

Mentalis (chin)

A

Muscle pair forming V shaped mass on chin
O: mandible
I: skin of chin
Wrinkles chin; pout

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12
Q

Buccinator

A

Thin horizontal cheek muscle deep to masseter
O: maxilla and mandible
I: Orbicularis oris
Compresses cheek – whistling sucking keeps food in mouth

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13
Q

Platysma

A

Thin superficial neck muscle role in facial expression
O: chest
I: mandible and skin of mouth
Tenses skin of neck and depress mandible

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14
Q

Masseter (chewer)

A

Powerful muscle covers the lateral part of the mandibular ramus
O: zygomatic bone
I: mandible
Prime mover of jaw closure – elevates mandible

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15
Q

Temporalis

A

Fan shaped; covers the temporal, parietal, and frontal bones
O: temporal bone
I: mandible
Closes jaw or bite down

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16
Q

Medial pterygoid

A

Deep 2-headed muscle runs along internal surface of mandible
O: sphenoid bone and maxilla
I: medial surface of mandible
Acts with lateral pterygoid to protract mandible and side to side grinding

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17
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

Deep 2-headed muscle that runs superior to medial pterygoid
O: sphenoid bone
I: mandible
protract mandible and side to side grinding

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18
Q

Genioglossus (chin tongue)

A

Fan shaped muscle that forms bulk of the inferior tongue – attachment to the mandible prevents the tongue from falling back into the throat and prevent breathing
O: mandible
I: hyoid bone
Protracts tongue – sticking out tongue

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19
Q

Hyoglossus (hyo = hyoid bone)

A

Flat quadrilateral
O: hyoid bone

Depresses tongue

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20
Q

Styloglossus

A

(stylo=styloid process)
O: styloid process of temporal bone
Retracts and elevates tongue

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21
Q

Digastric

A 
Suprahyoid 
2 bellies united by intermediate tendon form V shape under chin 	
O: mandible and temporal bone 
I: hyoid bone 	
Open mouth and depress mandible
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22
Q

Stylohyoid

A 
suprahyoid 
Parallels posterior belly of digastric 	
O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: hyoid bone 	
Elevates and retracts hyoid
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23
Q

Mylohyoid (molar)

A 
suprahyoid 
Deep to digastric muscle – muscle pair forms floor of the anterior mouth 	
O: mandible 
I: hyoid bone 
Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth
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24
Q

Geniohyoid (chin)

A 
suprahyoid 
Deep to mylohyoid muscle 	
O: mandible
I: hyoid bone	
Pulls hyoid bone superiorly and anteriorly
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25
Sternohyoid
infrahyoid Most medial muscle of the neck thin and superficial except inferiorly where covered by sternocleidomastoid O: manubrium and clavicle I: hyoid bone Depresses hyoid bone and larynx if the mandible is fixed
26
Sternothyroid
``` infrahyoid Lateral and deep to Sternohyoid O: manubrium I: thyroid cartilage Depresses larynx and hyoid bone ```
27
Omohyoid (omo=shoulder)
``` infrahyoid 2 bellies united by intermediate tendon lateral to Sternohyoid O: scapula I: hyoid bone Depresses and retracts hyoid bone ```
28
Thyrohyoid
``` infrahyoid Superior continuation of Sternothyroid O: thyroid cartilage I: hyoid bone Depresses hyoid bone and elevates larynx if the hyoid is fixed ```
29
Superior middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles
``` pharyngeal constrictor muscle 3 paired muscle whose fibers run circularly in pharynx wall; superior is innermost and inferior is outermost substantial overlap O: mandible, hyoid bone, larynx I: pharynx Constrict pharynx during swallowing ```
30
Sternocleidomastoid
anterolateral neck 2 headed muscle; deep to platysma O: manubrium and clavicle I: temporal bone (mastoid process) occipital bone Flexes and laterally rotates head
31
Scalenes – anterior middle and posterior
``` anterolateral neck Lateral on neck; deep to platysma and SCM O: cervical vertebrae I: first 2 ribs Elevate 1st 2 ribs – forced inspiration ```
32
Splenius (bandage, head, neck)
intrinsic muscle of the back Capitus and cervicis portions Broad bipartite superficial muscle capitus is bandage muscle because it covers and holds down deeper neck muscles O: ligamentum nuchae; vertebrae C7-T6 I: mastoid process of temporal bone and occipital bone (capitus) and C2-C4 (cervicis) Extend or hyperextend head – pulls to same side
33
Erector spinae
Prime mover of back extension; during full flexion the erector spinae are relaxed (fingers touching the floor) when reversing this movement these muscles are initially inactive – extension initiated by hamstring and gluteus max
34
erector spinae - Iliocostalis (ilium, rib, thorax)
Lumborum, thoracis, cervicis – most lateral group of ES O: iliac crest (lumborum); ribs (thoracis and cervicis) I: ribs (lumborum and thoracis) cervical vertebrae (cervicis) Extend and laterally flex the vertebral column
35
erector spinae - Longissimus (longest)
Thoracis, cervicis and capitis – intermediate O: lumbar -cervical vertebrae I: thoracic and cervical certebrae, ribs and the capitis inserts into the temporal bone Extend and laterally flex the vertebral column; extends head and turn face to same side (dif capitis bc inserts in temporal bone)
36
erector spinae - Spinalis
Thoracis and cervicis – medial O: lumbar and thoracic vertebrae I: thoracic and cervical vertebrae (move up) Extends vertebral column
37
Semispinalis
intrinsic back muscle Thoracis, cervicis and capitis – deep layer O: C7-T12 I: occipital bone (capitis) cervical vertebrae (cervicis) and thoracic vertebrae (thoracis) Extends vertebral column and head and rotates them to opposite direction
38
Quadratus lumborum
``` intrinsic back muscle Deeper- posterior abdominal wall O: iliac crest I: lumbar vertebrae Laterally flexes vertebral column and forced inspiration – pull down abdominal wall ```
39
External intercostals
thorax muscles - breathing O: rib Pull ribs toward each other to lift rib cage
40
Internal intercostals
thorax muscle - breathing O: rib Brings ribs together and depresses rib cage – forced expiration
41
Diaphragm
thorax muscle - breathing Floor of thoracic cavity, dome shaped when relaxed key muscle for inspiration O: rib cage, sternum and costal cartilages I: central tendon Prime mover of inspiration – flattens on contraction pulls down thoracic cavity and brings air in
42
External obliques
anterior and lateral abdominal wall Largest and most superficial, runs downward and medially (hands in pocket) forming inguinal ligament O: ribs I: linea alba and iliac crest Flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall Rotating trunk and flexing laterally (individually)
43
Internal obliques
anterior and lateral abdominal wall Fibers runs upward and medially O: lumbar, iliac crest I: linea alba, pubic crest, ribs Flex vertebral column and compress abdominal wall Rotating trunk and flexing laterally (individually) same as above
44
Rectus abdominus
``` anterior and lateral abdominal wall Medial superficial O: pubic crest I: xiphoid process and ribs Flex and rotate lumbar region of vertebral column ```
45
Transversus abdominus
``` anterior and lateral abdominal wall Deepest and fibers fun horizontally O: lumbar I: linea alba, pubic crest Compresses abdominal contents ```
46
Levator ani (raises anus)
pelvic diaphragm Broad tripartite - pubococcygeus, puborectalis, iliococcygeus forms a muscular sling O: inside pelvis Supports and maintains positions of pelvic organs
47
Coccygeus
pelvic diaphragm Small triangular muscle O: pelvis Supports pelvic organs
48
External urethral sphincter (squeeze)
urogenital diaphragm inferior to pelvic diaphragm | Muscle circling the urethra and vagina Constricts urethra
49
Deep transverse perineal muscle
Supports pelvic organs | urogenital diaphragm inferior to pelvic diaphragm
50
Ischiocavernosus
superficial perineal space Pelvis to base of penis or clit Maintains erection of penis or vagina stops venous drainage
51
Bulbospongiosus
Encloses base of penis Empties male urethra superficial perineal space
52
Superficial transverse perineal muscles
Posterior to urethral opening Stabilizes and strengthens the central tendon of perineum superficial perineal space
53
Pectoralis minor
``` superficial muscles of anterior thorax Beneath pectoralis major O: ribs 3-5 I: scapula Brings scapula forward and downward ```
54
Serratus anterior
superficial muscles of the anterior thorax O: ribs 1-8 I: scapula Rotates scapula so the inferior angle moves upward and lateral
55
Subclavius
superficial muscles of the anterior thorax O: costal cartilage I: clavicle Stabilize and depress pectoral (shoulder) girdle
56
Trapezius
superficial muscles of the posterior thorax Most superficial O: occipital bone, C7 and thoracic vertebrae I: scapula and clavicle Stabilizes, elevates, rotates and retracts scapula
57
Levator scapulae
``` superficial muscles of the posterior thorax Deep to trapezius O: C1-C4 I: scapula Elevates and adducts scapula ```
58
Rhomboids
superficial muscles of the posterior thorax Major and minor (superior); deep to trapezius and inferior to levator scapulae O: C7 and T1 and T2-T5 I: scapula Stabilize scapula
59
Pectoralis major
cross the shoulder joint moving the humerus O: clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-6 and external obliques I: humerus Adducts and medially rotates arm; clavicular part: assists in flexion when arm is extended Sternal part: assists in extension when arm is flexed
60
Deltoid
cross shoulder joint move humerus Multipennate O: clavicle and scapula I: humerus Prime mover of arm abduction (all fibers active) antagonize pec maj and LD Anterior fibers active: flexing and rotating arm medially – synergist to pec maj Posterior fibers active: extension and lateral rotation of arm
61
Latissimus dorsi
cross shoulder joint move humerus Broad flat O: thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, ribs 3-4, iliac crest, scapula I: humerus Prime mover of arm extension and adduction; medially rotates arm at shoulder
62
Subscapularis (RC)
cross shoulder joint move humerus O: scapula I: humerus Medial rotator of arm; stabilize shoulder joint and assisted by pec major
63
Supraspinatus (RC)
``` cross shoulder joint move humerus Posterior scapula deep to trapezius O: scapula I: humerus Initiates abduction of arm, stabilizes shoulder joint ```
64
Infraspinatus
``` cross shoulder joint move humerus Covered by deltoid and trapezius O: scapula I: humerus Rotates arm laterally; stabilizes shoulder joint ```
65
Teres minor
``` cross shoulder joint move humerus Inferior to Infraspinatus O: scapula I: humerus Rotates arm laterally; stabilizes shoulder joint same as infraspintus ```
66
Teres major (synergist)
``` cross shoulder joint move humerus Inferior to teres minor O: scapula I: humerus Extends, medially rotates and adducts arm synergist of latissimus dorsi ```
67
Coracobrachialis (Synergist)
cross shoulder joint move humerus O: scapula I: humerus Flexes and adducts arm
68
Triceps brachii
``` posterior elbow joint muscle 3 headed origin long and lateral heads superficial to medial head O: long head: scapula; lateral head: humerus Medial head: humerus I: ulna Forearm extensor (prime mover by medial head) long and lateral heads active in extending the arm against resistance ```
69
Anconeus
posterior muscles of the elbow joint O: humerus I: ulna Ulnar abduction during pronation stabilize arm joint
70
Biceps brachii
``` anterior muscle crossing elbow joint 2 headed origin short head and long head cross shoulder and elbow joint O: scapula I: radius Flexes and supinates arm ```
71
Brachialis
anterior muscles crossing the elbow joint Deep to bicep on distal humerus O: humerus I: ulna Forearm flexor – lifts ulna as bicep lifts radius
72
Brachioradialis
``` anterior muscle crossing the elbow joint Superficial and lateral O: humerus I: radius Synergist in flexing forearm ```
73
Pronator teres
``` anterior superficial muscle of the forearm 2 headed muscle O: humerus and ulna I: radius Pronates forearm ```
74
Flexor carpi radialis
anterior superficial muscle of the forearm O: humerus I: metacarpals Flexor and abductor of hand
75
Palmaris longus
anterior superficial muscle of forearm O: humerus I: palmaris aponeurosis Tenses skin of palm during hand movements
76
Flexor carpi ulnaris
``` anterior superficial muscle of forearm Most medial, 2 headed O: humerus and ulna I: metacarpal Flexor and adductor of hand ```
77
Flexor digitorum superficialias
anterior superficial muscle of the forearm 2 headed muscle – more deep O: humerus, ulna, radius I: fingers 2-5 not thumb Flexes wrist and middle phalanges of fingers 2-5 (fingers curl towards palm)
78
Flexor pollicis longus
anterior deep muscle of the forearm O: radius I: thumb Flexes distal phalange of thumb
79
Flexor digitorum profundus
anterior deep muscle of forearm O: ulna I: 2-5 fingers Flexes distal interphalangeal joints
80
Pronator quadratus
``` anterior deep muscle of the forearm Deepest muscle O: ulna I: radius Prime mover of forearm protonation ```
81
Extensor carpi radialis longus
superficial muscle of posterior forearm Parallels brachioradialis on lateral forearm O: humerus I: metacarpals Extends and abducts hand
82
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
``` superficial posterior muscle of forearm Shorter than longus and deeper O: humerus I: metacarpal Extends and abducts hand ```
83
Extensor digitorum
``` superficial posterior muscle of forearm Medial to extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digiti minimi O: humerus I: 2-5 fingers Prime mover of finger extension – counteracts flexor ```
84
Extensor carpi ulnaris
``` superficial posterior muscle of forearm Most medial O: humerus, ulna I: metacarpals Extends and adducts hand ```
85
Supinator
deep posterior muscle of forearm Deep muscle at posterior aspect of elbow O: humerus and ulna I: radius Assists bicep in forcibly supinating forearm
86
Abductor pollicis longus
``` deep muscle of posterior forearm Distal to supinator O: radius and ulna I: first metacarpal Extends and abducts thumb ```
87
Extensor pollicis brevis and longus
``` deep posterior of forearm Shorter than longus and deeper O: radius and ulna I: thumb Extends thumb ```
88
Extensor indices
``` deep muscle of posterior forearm Medial to extensor pollicis brevis and longus Extensor digiti minimi O: ulna I: index finger Extends index finger ```
89
Iliopsoas
anterior and medial crossing hip joint Combo of iliacus and psoas major that combine in a common tendon O: humerus and ulna I: radius Assists bicep in forcibly supinating forearm iliacus and psoas major
90
• Iliacus
anterior and medial muscle crossing the hip joint Large more lateral O: iliac fossa and crest I: femur Prime mover for flexing thigh or flexing trunk onto thigh
91
• Psoas major (loin large)
anterior and medial muscles crossing the hip joint Longer thicker more medial O: lumbar vertebrae and T12 I: femur via iliopsoas tendon Prime mover for flexing thigh or flexing trunk onto thigh and flexes vertebral column laterally
92
Sartorius
anterior and medial muscle crossing the hip joint Longest muscle in body O: iliac spine I: tibia Flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh
93
Gluteus maximus
``` posterior pelvic muscle Largest and most superficial O: dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx I: femur, iliotibial tract Extensor of thigh, most effective when thigh is flexed ```
94
Gluteus medius
``` posterior pelvic muscle Intramuscular injections O: ilium I: femur Abducts and medially rotates thigh; walking - holds pelvis so doesn’t sag ```
95
Gluteus minimus
``` posterior pelvic muscles Smallest and deepest O: ilium I: femur Abducts and medially rotates thigh; walking - holds pelvis so doesn’t sag ```
96
Piriformis
``` lateral rotators Inferior to gluteus minimus O: sacrum I: femur Rotates extended thigh laterally and helps adduct thigh ```
97
Obturator externus
``` lateral rotator Superomedial aspect of thigh O: obturator foramen I: femur Rotates extended thigh laterally and helps adduct thigh ```
98
Obturator internus
``` lateral rotator Surrounds obturator foramen in pelvis O: obturator foramen I: greater trochanter Rotates extended thigh laterally and helps adduct thigh ```
99
Gemellus
``` lateral rotator Superior and inferior O: ischial spine I: femur Rotates extended thigh laterally and helps adduct thigh ```
100
Quadratus femoris
lateral rotator Most inferior I: femur Rotates thigh laterally NO extension
101
Quadriceps femoris
4 separate heads with common insertion tendon (quadriceps tendon) inserts into patella then via patellar ligament into tibial tuberosity anterior thigh
102
quadriceps femoris - • Rectus femoris
``` anterior thigh Superficial O: iliac spine I: patella and tibial tuberosity Extends leg and flexes thigh at hip ```
103
quadriceps femoris - Vastus lateralis
``` Largest head O: linea aspera femur I: patella and tibial tuberosity Extends leg and stabilizes leg anterior thigh ```
104
quadriceps femoris - Vastus medialis
``` anterior thigh Inferomedial aspect of thigh O: linea aspera femur I: patella and tibial tuberosity Extends leg no hip flexion bc only cross knee joint not hip joint ```
105
quadriceps femoris - Vastus intermedius
``` anterior thigh Intermediate O: femur shaft I: patella and tibial tuberosity Extends leg ```
106
Tensor fascia lata
anterior thigh O: iliac crest I: iliotibial tract (thick lateral portion or fascia lata) Steadies leg and trunk on thigh by making iliotibial tract taut
107
Hamstrings
posterior thigh - Cross both hip and knee joints; prime movers of thigh extension and knee flexion innervated by sciatic nerve
108
hamstrings- Biceps femoris
``` posterior thigh Most lateral; 2 heads O: ischial tuberosity (long head) Femur (short head) I: fibula and tibia Extends thigh and flexes leg ```
109
hamstrings - Semitendinosus
``` posterior thigh Mostly tendinous O: ischial tuberosity I: tibia Extends thigh and flexes leg ```
110
hamstring - Semimembranosus
``` posterior thigh Deep to semitendinosus O: ischial tuberosity I: tibia Extends thigh and flexes leg ```
111
Adductor magnus
medial thigh O: ischial and pubic rami I: femur Adducts, medially rotates, flexes and extends thigh (synergist of hamstrings)
112
Adductor longus
``` medial thigh Most anterior O: pubis I: linea aspera (femur) Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh ```
113
• Adductor brevis
``` medial thigh Deep to semitendinosus O: pubic ramus I: linea aspera (femur) Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh ```
114
Pectineus
medial thigh O: pubis I: femur Adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh
115
Gracilis
``` medial thigh Long thin superficial O: pubis I: tibia Adducts, flexes and medially rotates leg – crosses knee joint too ```
116
Tibialis anterior
``` anterior calf Superficial O: tibia I: first metatarsal bone (big toe) Prime mover of dorsiflexion and inverts foot ```
117
Extensor digitorum longus
``` anterior calf Unipennate muscle O: tibia and fibula I: 2-5 toes Primary mover of toe extension; dorsiflexes foot ```
118
Fibularis tertius
``` anterior calf Not always present O: fibula I: 5th metatarsal Dorsiflexes and everts foot ```
119
Extensor hallucis longus
``` anterior calf Deepest O: fibula I: big toe Extends great toe; dorsiflexes foot ```
120
Fibularis longus
``` lateral calf Superficial, lateral O: fibula I: first metatarsal bone (big toe) Plantar flexion and everts foot ```
121
Fibularis brevis
``` lateral calf Deep O: fibula I: 5th metatarsal Plantar flexion and everts foot ```
122
Triceps surae - Gastrocnemius
``` superficial posterior calf 2 prominent bellies O: 2 heads from femur I: calcaneus Plantar flexion and flexes knee (weak at knee joint) ```
123
Triceps surae - Soleus
``` superficial posterior calf Deeper O: tibia and fibula I: gastrocnemius Plantar flexes foot, walking, running, dancing ```
124
Plantaris
``` superficial posterior calf Small, may be absent O: femur I: calcaneus Flex leg and plantar flex foot ```
125
Popliteus
``` deep posterior calf Inferomedial O: femur I: tibia Flexes and rotates leg medially ```
126
Flexor digitorum longus
deep posterior calf O: tibia I: 2-5 toes Plantar flexion and inverts foot, flexes toes
127
Flexor hallucis longus
``` deep posterior calf bipennate O: fibula I: big toe Plantar flexion and inverts foot, flexes big toe ```
128
Tibialis posterior
``` deep posterior calf Deep to soleus O: tibia fibula I: metatarsals 2-4 Prime mover of foot inversion; plantar flexes ```

Pharm 110 Muscle system (1 decks)

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