Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Small Animal Surgery > Muscle/Tendon Injuries & Bone Tumors > Flashcards

Muscle/Tendon Injuries & Bone Tumors Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The stretching or tearing of a ligament is a ____.

A

Sprain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False: Ligaments heal slowly.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sprains take about ___-___ weeks for initial healing.

A

6-10 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sprains take about ___-___ months for maximal stability to develop.

A

3-6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Put the following in order from best to worst, in terms of a strain: 1st, 2nd, 3rd.

A

1st –> 2nd –> 3rd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A second degree sprain is the ___ disruption of a ligament.

A

Partial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A third-degree sprain is complete ___, ___, or avulsion of ligament from bone.

A

A third-degree sprain is complete RUPTURE, LACERATION, or avulsion of ligament from bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

With which type of sprain is function completely lost?

A

Third-degree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vigorous treatment is needed to restore function from a third-degree sprain. Spontaneous healing by ____ often leads to an unstable joint.

A

Fibroplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

____ tissue healing is no where near as strong as ligamentous tissue.

A

Scar tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the ligament suture patterns place knots at the cut surface may prevent complete healing: Far-near-near-far, Bunnell-Mayer technique, 3-loop pulley, Locking loop?

A
  1. Bunnell-mayer technique

2. Locking loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A sprain involving complete loss of function is what degree of sprain?

A

3rd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is: a bruise of the muscle with varying degrees of hemorrhage and fiber disruption?

A

Muscle contusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is: a longitudinal stretching or tearing of muscle fibers or groups of fibers?

A

Strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is: a partial or complete sharp transection or a tendon or muscle?

A

Laceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Categorize the following as a 1st, 2nd, or 3rd degree strain: Minimal lameness and minimal pain or swelling.

A

1st degree (mild)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Categorize the following as a 1st, 2nd, or 3rd degree strain: obvious lameness, significant soft tissue swelling, rapid progressive pain.

A

3rd degree (severe)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Categorize the following as a 1st, 2nd, or 3rd degree strain: obvious lameness, soft tissue swelling, pin point pain.

A

2nd degree (moderate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The majority of acute, mild-moderate strains resolve with ___ ___.

A

Conservative management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are 4 examples of conservative management for a strain?

A
  1. NSAIDs
  2. Rest
  3. Ice packing
  4. Warm packing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with a 3rd degree strain?

A

Unable to actively flex/extend a joint or even stand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What type of treatment would a 3rd degree strain require?

A
  1. Surgical repair

2. External support during healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In treating a 3rd degree strain, you aim for apposition of the muscle or tendon. Minimal gap and tension = ___ ___.

A

Less scar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

If too much scar tissue forms, ___ may occur.

A

Contracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the 5 components of the common calcaneon tendon?
1. Gastrocnemius tendon 2. Superficial digital flexor tendon 3. Tendon of biceps femoris muscle 4. Tendon of semitendinosis muscle 5. Tendon of gracillis muscle
26
What is the difference between a gastrocnemeus tendon tear alone and a tear of all the tendons of the common calcaneon?
Gastroc tear only = bear claw All tendon tear = flat foot
27
What are the 3 radiographic signs of a strain?
1. Soft tissue swelling in the tendon region 2. Mineralization in tendon 3. Periosteal reaction on tuber calcaneus
28
What are the 2 clinical signs of a gastrocnemius tendon rupture?
1. Dropped hock | 2. Curling of the toes ("Bear claw" stance)
29
What are the 3 treatment strategies of a common calcaneon tendon strain?
1. NSAIDS and enforced rest 2. Surgical repair 3. Spint or case (6-12 weeks)
30
Which type of contracture is IRREVERSIBLE?
Quadriceps muscle contracture (there is no cure)
31
What is the best treatment option for a contracted quadriceps muscle?
Amputation
32
What causes contracture of the quadriceps muscle?
Femur fracture, causing trauma to the quadriceps muscle and contracture of the vastus intermedius
33
___ ___ is very important in rehab after femur fracture repair.
Physical therapy
34
What are: neoplastic cells which arise from cells located within the bone tissue.
Primary bone tumor
35
Primary bone tumors are ___% of all canine neoplasias.
5%
36
Of those 5%, which is the most common type of primary bone tumor?
Osteosarcoma (>80%)
37
Osteosarcoma arises from ___ bone cells.
Mesynchymal
38
75% of osteosarcomas originate in the ____ skeleton.
Appendicular
39
What are the predilection sites for osteosarcoma?
Away from the elbow (proximal humerus & distal radius), towards the knee (distal femur & proximal tibia)
40
For osteosarcoma, metastasis is ___.
Common
41
With osteosarcoma, about ___% of patients have micrometastases.
90%
42
True or False: Osteosarcomas metastasize very early on in the disease.
TRUE
43
Which type of bones do chondrosarcomas affect?
Flat bones (rib, skull, the axial skeleton)
44
Chondrosarcomas are malignant and ___ to metastasize.
Slow
45
Which type of primary bone tumor is not responsive to chemotherapy?
Chondrosarcoma
46
Which bones do fibrosarcomas affect?
Axial skeletal bones
47
Fibrosarcomas are slow or fast to metastasize?
Slow
48
True or False: Excision of a fibrosarcoma is rarely curative.
FALSE: excision can be curative
49
Metastatic bone tumor: neoplastic cells originate from a ___ area.
Remote
50
What are the 2 common sites for metastatic bone tumors?
1. Lumbar vertebrae | 2. Pelvis
51
True or False: Primary bone tumors can cross the joint.
FALSE: primary bone tumors do NOT cross the joint.
52
What are the differential diagnoses to bone tumors? (6 listed here)
1. Infection (osteomyelitis ) 2. Multiple myeloma 3. Metastatic neoplasia 4. Hypertrophic pulmonary osteopathy 5. Trauma 6. Aneurismal bone cysts
53
What are 4 ways to get a definitive diagnosis of bone tumor?
1. Jamshidi biopsy 2. Histopathology after amputation 3. Fine needle aspirate 4. Wedge biopsy
54
What is: aiming to provide comfort?
Palliative care
55
What is: aiming to remove all tumor cells from the body?
Curative intent
56
What are the 5 options for treatment of a primary bone tumor?
1. Tumor excision (amputation) 2. Tumor excision and chemotherapy 3. Palliative radiation 4. Palliative analgesia 5. Euthanasia
57
True or False: Limb spare surgery does not improve survival time.
TRUE
58
What is chemotherapy used to treat and successful at treating?
Micrometastases
59
True or False: Chemotherapy prolongs survival.
TRUE
60
Palliative radiation is used to diminish ___ ___.
Bone pain
61
Does palliative radiation affect metastasis or median survival time?
No
62
What is the median survival time with palliative care of OSA in dogs?
3-5 months
63
What is the median survival time with curative intent of OSA in dogs?
10-14 months
64
In cats, ___-___% of bone tumors are osteosarcoma.
70-80%
65
What is the median survival time of a cat after diagnosis with osteosarcoma?
24 months
66
For osteosarcoma, is the prognosis better in dogs or cats?
Cats

Small Animal Surgery (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions