Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Final Tier > Intro to Muscle + Skeletal Muscle > Flashcards

Intro to Muscle + Skeletal Muscle Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue in the body?

A
  • Smooth Muscle
  • Cardiac Muscle
  • Skeletal Muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

All three muscle tissues exhibit what quality?

A

They are all excitable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is it called when the plasma membrane can change their electrical state (from polarized to depolarized) and send an electrical wave called an ________ _________ along the entire length of the membrane?

A
  • Called excitability
  • Action Potential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The nervous system can influence the excitability of what kind of muscle tissue (s) only to a certain degree?

A

Cardiac and Smooth muscle Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What types of muscle tissue COMPLETELY depends on signaling from the nervous system to function properly?

A

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cardiac and smooth muscle can respond to other stimuli (besides the nervous system) such as…?

A

Hormones and local stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What kind of muscle tissue is this?

A

Skeletal Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kind of muscle tissue is this?

A

Smooth Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What kind of muscle tissue is this?

A

Cardiac Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When do muscles all begin the actual process of contracting (shortening)?

A

When a protein called Actin is pulled by a protein called Myosin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which muscle tissues are striated?

A

Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What quality of muscle tissue allows it to return to its original length?

A

Elasticity
- It can recoil back to its original length due to elastic fibers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is extensibility?

A

A quality of muscle tissue that allows it to stretch or extend.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What allows muscle tissue to pull on its attachment points and shorten with force?

A

Contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes the striated appearance of skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues under a miscroscope?

A

The actin and myosin proteins are arranged very REGULARLY in the cytoplasm of individual muscle cells/fibers. This creates a pattern or stripes called striations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

____________ muscle fibers are multinucleated structures.

A

Skeletal Muscle Fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

__________ muscle fibers each have one or two nuclei and are physically and electrically connected to each other.

A

Cardiac Muscle Fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why are cardiac muscle fibers connected physically and electrically?

A

So that the entire heart contracts as one unit (called Syncytium).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why does smooth muscle have a uniform, non-striated appearance?

A

Because the actin and myosin are not arranged in a regular fashion in the cytoplasm of smooth muscle fibers.

This results in a less organized appearance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What kind of muscle tissue has only a single nucleus?

A

Smooth Muscle Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the BEST known feature of skeletal muscle?

A

It’s ability to contract and cause movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Skeletal muscles not only produce movement, but also stop movement and prevent excess movement, why?

A
  • Maintain Posture
  • Maintain skeletal stability
  • Preventing skeletal structure damage or deformation
  • Keep joints stable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do skeletal muscles protect internal organs?

A

By acting as an external barrier or shield, and supporting the weight of the organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What type of muscle allows functions such as: swallowing, urination, and defecation to be under voluntary control?

A

Skeletal Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
How do skeletal muscles contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis?
Muscle contraction requires energy, and when ATP is broken down, heat is produced.
25
Each skeletal muscle has _______ layers of connective tissue called Mysia that enclose it and provide structure to the muscle as a whole, and also compartmentalize the fibers within the muscle.
3
26
Each muscle is wrapped in a sheath of dense, irregular connective tissue called the ______________.
Epimysium
27
What are the main functions of the Epimysium?
- Allow muscle to contract and move powerfully while maintaining structural integrity - Separates muscle from other tissues and organs in the area, allowing the structure to move independently.
28
Inside each skeletal muscle, there are muscle fibers organized into individual bundles, each called a _______________.
Fascicle
29
What is the middle layer of connective tissue for skeletal muscle?
Perimysium
30
Where is the endomysium located and what is it composed of?
(skeletal muscle) Inside each fascicle, each muscle fiber is encased in a thin connective tissue layer of collagen and reticular fibers called the ENDOMYSIUM.
31
The ____________ contains ECF and nutrients to support the skeletal muscle fiber. How are these nutrients supplied?
ENDOMYSIUM Supplied via blood to the muscle tissue.
32
Tension created by skeletal muscle fibers is transferred through the ___________ to the _________, and then to the ____________.
From the Mysia (3 connective tissue layers) to the tendon, and then to the Periosteum to pull on the bone for movement of the skeleton.
33
What is a broad tendon-like sheet?
Aponeurosis
34
What is fascia?
The connective tissue between the skin and bones.
35
Depending on the location the Mysia may fuse with these two structures to create force transmission for movement.
- Aponeurosis - Fascia
36
Are skeletal muscle vascular or avascular?
Every skeletal muscle is richly supplied by blood vessels.
37
What are skeletal muscles directly supplied with, that signals them to contract?
Axon branch of a Somatic Motor Neuron (The only way to functionally contract a skeletal muscle is through signaling from the nervous system)>
38
Skeletal muscle cells are also referred to as skeletal muscle ____________, and are what shape?
Skeletal Muscle fibers. They are long and cylindrical, and can be quite large.
39
What is it called when there are multiple copies of genes that permit production of large amounts of protein and enzymes needed for muscle contraction?
Multi-nucleated
40
In Greek "Sarco" means ________.
Flesh
41
The plasma membrane of muscle fibers is called the _______
Sarcolemma
42
The cytoplasm of muscle cells is referred to as the ____________.
Sarcoplasm
43
The specialized smooth ER is called ___________ in muscle cells.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)
44
What is the main function of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum?
Stores, releases, and retrieves calcium ions (Ca++).
45
What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber?
Sarcomere
46
What is a highly organized arrangement of contractile myofilaments actin and myosin, along with other support proteins?
A sarcomere.
47
Is actin a thick or thin filament?
THIN
48
Is Myosin a thick or thin filament?
THICK
49
1. Epimysium 2. Muscle fascicle 3. Perimysium 4. Endomysium 5. Muscle fiber
50
What is bundled within the myofibril that runs the entire length of the muscle fiber and attaches to the sarcolemma at its end?
The sarcomere itself.
51
1. Myosin (Thick filament) 2. Sarcoplasmic reticulum 3. Actin (thin filament) 4. Mitochondrion 5. Nucleus
52
What happens when myofibrils contract?
The entire muscle cell contracts.
53
Approximately how many myofibrils and sarcomeres can be found inside ONE muscle fiber?
hundreds to thousands of myofibrils thousands of sarcomeres
54
What is a thread-like structure made up of repeating units called sarcomeres?
Myofibril
55
What is a result of the arrangement of the myofilaments of actin and myosin in sequential order from one end of the muscle fiber to the other.
The striated appearance of skeletal muscle fibers
56
What are troponin and tropomyosin?
Regulatory proteins of the sarcomere.
57
Each sarcomere is bordered by structures called _______________.
Z-discs aka Z lines or Z bands
58
Where are Z discs located?
Within the I band, at the end of each sarcomere.
59
What are actin myofilament's anchored to?
Z- discs
60
Sarcomere is the region from one __-line to the next __-line.
Z-line to Z-line or disc
61
When a muscle contracts, what happens to the Z-lines?
They move closer together, shortening the sarcomere.

Final Tier (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions