muscle tissue

Question 1

which two muscle types are striated and which nervous system do they belong to?

Answer 1

skeletal (somatic) and cardiac (autonomic)

Question 2

which type of muscle tissue is not straiated?

Answer 2

smooth

Question 3

what are the functions of skeletal muscle?

Answer 3

voluntary movement of skeleton, movement of eye/tongue, sub-consciuos movement to maintain balance/posture

Question 4

what is the basic structure of skeletal muscle?

Answer 4

elongated, un-brached cylindrical cells that appear like fibres, multiple peripherally locted nuclei

Question 5

name the components of macroscopic skeletal muscle tissue in order

Answer 5

muscle fibre, endomysium, fascicle, perimysium (loose connective tissue) and epimysium (dense connective tissue) (bloodvessels inbetween fascicle)

Question 6

the arrangement of …. within muscle cells gives it its straited appearance?

Answer 6

myofibrils

Question 7

each myofibril is separated by a small layer of?

Answer 7

sarcoplasm

Question 8

what is the name of the specialised plasma membrane found in skeletal muscle fibres?

Answer 8

sarcolemma

Question 9

what are myofilaments?

Answer 9

repeating units of myofibrils

Question 10

what are the thick dark myofilaments?

Answer 10

myosin

Question 11

what are the thin light myofilaments?

Answer 11

actin

Question 12

what are Z lines, and what do they divide each myofibril into?

Answer 12

2 lines that bisect actin, dividing each myofibril into contractile units called sarcomoers

Question 13

how do sarcomere units contract?

Answer 13

sliding filament mechanism

Question 14

what is a motor unit within skeletal muscle?

Answer 14

a motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers

Question 15

what is the sarcomplasmic reticulum?

Answer 15

a structure found within striated muscle cells that stores calcium ions

Question 16

what is the function of the cardiac muscle?

Answer 16

continuous autonomic contractions that pump blood through the cardiovascular system

Question 17

what is the general strcuture of cardiac muscle?

Answer 17

elongated, branched cylindrical cells, 1 or 2 centrally located nuclei

Question 18

what are the outermost, middle and inner layer of the macroscopic sctructure of the cardiac muscle?

Answer 18

pericardium, myocardium and endocardium (simple squamous)

Question 19

describe the histological structure of cardiac muscle

Answer 19

cardiac muscle fibres surrounded by reticular connective tissue, special intercelluar junctions known as intercalated disks amd capilliaries

Question 20

which muscle type slowly leaks calcium ions?

Answer 20

cardiac muscle

Question 21

what are modified cardiac muscle cells known as and give examples of the strcutures within the conducting system of the heart

Answer 21

conducting system - sinoatrial node, left/right atria, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, purkinje fibres, cardiac muscle fibres

Question 22

what do cardiac muscle fibres have that modified ones do not?

Answer 22

t tubules and intercalated disks

Question 23

wha is the function of smooth muscle?

Answer 23

lines hollow organs and propells lumen contents by peristalsis

Question 24

describe the general structure of smooth mucle

Answer 24

small, elongated spindle-shaped cells with tapered ends, single centrally located and no striations

Question 25

give the outermost, middle and inner layers of the GI tract

Answer 25

outer longitudial layer, inner circular layer and lumen

Question 26

describe how peristalsis occus in the GI tract?

Answer 26

inner circular layer contricts lumen diameter and outer longitudial layer shortens

Question 27

what do focal densitiesin smooth muscle do?

Answer 27

anchor cytoplasm to membrane