Muscle Tissue W4 (intro and skeletal)

Question 1

What are there tree types of muscle

Answer 1

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 2

how do muscles move (broad three steps)

Answer 2

energy from hydrolysis of ATP
transfered into mechanical energy
resulting in movement

Question 3

Three other names for muscle cells

Answer 3

Muscle fibres
Myofibres
Myocytes

Question 3

Two ways we can classify muscles

Answer 3

Microscopic appearance

Innervation

Question 4

Muscle classification: microscopic appearance

2types

Answer 4

Stripes

No stripes

Question 5

What type of muscle has visible stripes under the microscope

Answer 5

Striated (cardiac and skeletal)

Question 6

What type of muscle doesn’t have stripes under microscope

Answer 6

Smooth muscle

Question 7

Muscle classification: innervation

2types

Answer 7

Voluntary

Involuntary

Question 8

What muscles are voluntary

Answer 8

Skeletal

Question 9

What muscles are involuntary (2)

Answer 9

Cardiac and smooth

Question 10

Main interactions between muscle tissue and connective tissue (2)

Answer 10

Connective tissue delivers blood vessels nerves and lymphatics

Muscle cells generate force –> connective tissue transmits it

Question 11

Primary functions of skeletal muscle (6)

Answer 11

• skeletal movement
• Maintains posture and body position
• supports soft tissue
• maintains body temperature
• guards body entrances and exits
• provides nutrient reserves

Question 12

what type of muscle is skeletal muscle (2)

Answer 12

striated voluntary

Question 13

what does the epimysium line

Answer 13

the whole muscle

Question 14

what is the epimysium made of

Answer 14

dense irregular CT`

Question 15

what does the perimysium line

Answer 15

facicles

Question 16

that is the perimysium made of

Answer 16

dense irregular CT

Question 17

what is a facicle

Answer 17

a group of muscle cells

Question 18

what does the endomysium line

Answer 18

individual muscle cells

Question 19

what is a tendon

Answer 19

the connective tissue that continues (without the muscle) to join to a bone

Question 20

level of organisation of cconnective tissue found in muscle (from from small to large

Answer 20

endomysium
perimysium
epimysium

Question 21

how long can muscle cells get

Answer 21

upto 30cm

Question 22

what is endomysium made out of

Answer 22

loose connective tissue

Question 23

steps of formation of muscle fibre(3)

Answer 23

myoblasts
myotubes
muscle fibre

Question 24

what are myoblasts

Answer 24

immature muscle cells

Question 25

what happens to myoblasts in muscle formation, what do they form

Answer 25

they fuse together to form myotubes

Question 26

what happens to nuclei of myoblasts in a myotube

Answer 26

they move to the outer edges of the cell

Question 27

what happens to reminant myoblasts during myotube formation

Answer 27

they form stem cells called myosatellite cells

Question 28

what are myosatellite cells

Answer 28

stem cells formed from reminant myoblasts

Question 29

what happens to the myotube overtime (2) | what is the result

Answer 29

proteins form in cytoplasm proteins align giving striated appearance

Question 30

what is the cytoplasm of a muscle cell called

Answer 30

sarcoplasm

Question 31

what do myofibril make up

Answer 31

myofibres

Question 32

what are sarcomeres

Answer 32

protein organised in little contractile units

Question 33

what do sarcomeres contain

Answer 33

myofillaments (similar to actin and myosin)

Question 34

levels of organisation of a muscle (small to large)

Answer 34

``` myofillaments (proteins) that make up sarcomeres myofibril myofibres facicle muscle ```

Question 35

a myofibre is a single cell with lots of nuclei, whats the word to describe this

Answer 35

mutinucleated

Question 36

the nuclei in a muscle cell are ..... located

Answer 36

peripherally

Question 37

what does the i band represent | what colour is it

Answer 37

pale region, with only thin filaments (no overlap of thick filaments

Question 38

what does the M line represent

Answer 38

where the thick filaments are joined together

Question 39

a sarcomere runs from .....to .....

Answer 39

z disc | z disc

Question 40

what does the z disk bisect

Answer 40

i band

Question 41

what does the A band represent

Answer 41

region where thick filaments exist

Question 42

what is the H zone

Answer 42

the part of the a band in which there is no overlap between thick and thin filaments

Question 43

what does calcium bind to during muscle contraction

Answer 43

troponin

Question 44

name of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells

Answer 44

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 45

aside from myofibril, what other organeles does the skeletal muscle cell contain

Answer 45

mitochondria to produce ATP sacroplasmic reticulum

Question 46

what does the sarcoplasmic reticulum store and release

Answer 46

ca+2

Question 47

what do the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes contain

Answer 47

calcium ion pumps

Question 48

what is the muscles cell membrane called

Answer 48

sarcolema

Question 49

what are t-tubules

Answer 49

invaginations of cell membrane that connect the inside of the cell and th eoutside

Question 50

what is the full nae for t-tubules

Answer 50

transverse tubules

Question 51

what is the purpose of t-tubules

Answer 51

to carry impulces to the scroplasmic reticulum which then release ca+2 into the cytoplasm (sacroplasm)

Question 52

what is a traid

Answer 52

central t-tublue surrounded either side by cicternae of sacroplasmic reticulum