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Gross Anatomy test #2 > muscles > Flashcards

muscles Flashcards

1
Q

endomysium

A

muscle fiber surrounded by collagen

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2
Q

fascicle

A

Bundles of muscle fiber wrapped by perimysium

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3
Q

muslce

A

bundle of fascicles

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4
Q

epimysium

A

covers and entire muscle

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5
Q

what is the tendon continuous with on the bone?

A

periosteum

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6
Q

myofibrils

A

bundles of thin actin and thick myosin filaments arranged in an orderly fashion

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7
Q

sarcomere

A

repeating units of contraction that make up the myofibrils

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8
Q

When building muscle is it more likely to build the current muscle cells or synthesize new cells?

A

90% of the time the current muscle cells get bigger. 10% of the time new muscle cells are synthesized.

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9
Q

Whats the name of the cell that synthesizes new muscle?

A

Satellite cells

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10
Q

sarcolemma

A

refers to the outer plasma membrane of the cell and it is excitatory because an action potential can run thru the sarcolemma.

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11
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

it is an endoplasmic reticulum that is a closed compartment surrounding every myofibril.

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12
Q

what is the purpose of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

calcium pumps in the sarcoplasmic reticulum cause it to take up calcium ions from the sarcoplasm.

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13
Q

muscle tone

A

degree of contraction of a muscle. readiness to fire a contraction

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14
Q

what happens it deep rem sleep?

A

your muscle tone starts to shut down

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15
Q

circular muscle

A

orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris (mouth)

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16
Q

convergent muscle

A

pectoralis major

17
Q

parallel muscle

A

sartorius (lateral quad) and biceps brachii

18
Q

bipennate

A

rectus femoris (quad)

19
Q

unipennate muscle

A

extensor digitorum longus (near the tibia)

20
Q

characteristics of pennate muscles

A

tend to be composed of red fibers

21
Q

type I muscles (red twitch)

A 
Oxidative (aerobic)
High endurance
High myoglobin
Postural (anti-gravity)
Low force
22
Q

type II muscles (white twitch)

A

Glycolytic (anaerobic)
Low endurance
Low myoglobin
High force

23
Q

muscle role: stabilizing

A 
Type I fibers
Deep
Single joint
Postural
ie Brachialis, Soleus
24
Q

muscle role: mobilizing

A 
Type II fibers
Superficial
2-joints
ie Biceps brachialis
        Gastrocnemius
25
Q

origin

A

Fixed attachment

26
Q

instertion

A

Mobile attachment

27
Q

nerve supply

A

Innervation

28
Q

action

A

Movement of affected joint(s)

29
Q

agonist

A

Prime mover

30
Q

antagonist

A

opposes the agonist. ex.) Tricep is the antagonist to the bicep.

31
Q

synergist

A

helps the agonist. ex.) The brachialis is the synergist to the bicep when doing curls

32
Q

stabilizer

A

muscles for posture, they allow for the smoothness of movements by supporting the joints during movements

33
Q

skeletal muscle

A

responsible for voluntary movements.cells appear striped because of the regular arrangement of sarcomeres. MULTINUCLEATED

34
Q

smooth muscle

A

usually long and spindle-shaped, and each cell has a single nucleus. the actin and myosin filaments are not as regularly arranged as they are in the skeletal and cardiac muscle.

35
Q

what do smooth muscles do and what controls them?

A

Controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Smooth muscle provide contractile force for most organs, moves food thru digestive system, empties bladder and controls flow of blood thru blood vessels.

36
Q

cardiac muscle

A

appears striated as does skeletal muscle because of the regular arrangement of actin and myosin filaments into sarcomeres. but they are much smaller and have only ONE nucleus.

37
Q

how are cardiac muscles arranged?

A

the cells interdigitate to form a meshwork that is resistant to tearing. cardiac muscles need to be strong to handle high pressures that occur while pumping blood.

38
Q

neuromuscular junction

A

connects the nervous system to the muscular system via synapses between efferent nerve fibers and muscle fibers, also known as muscle cells

Gross Anatomy test #2 (3 decks)

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