Muscles

Question 1

What muscle is this? What is its function? Where does it originate and where does it insert?

Answer 1

Masseter 
function - elevated mandible

originates - zygomatic arch
Inserts - mandibular angle

Question 2

What muscle is this? What is its function? Where does it originate and where does it insert?

Answer 2

Temporalis 
 function - elevated and retracts mandible

originates - temporal fossa
inserts - coronoid process

Question 3

What muscle is this? What is its function? Where does it originate and where does it insert?

Answer 3

Sternocleidomastoid 
function - laterally rotates and flexes head, forced inhalation

originates - manubrium/sternal end of clavicle
inserts - mastoid

Question 4

For each of the colors, answer the following: What muscle is this? What is its function?

Answer 4

Green - Buccinator - presses cheeks against teeth and lips (blows and sucks)
Yellow - Orbicularis oris - closes and protrudes lips (kissing)
Purple - Orbicularis oculi - closes eyes
Red - occipitofrontalis - raises eyebrows

Question 5

What muscle is this? What is its function?

Answer 5

Platysma - depresses mandible

Question 6

What muscle is this? What is its function? Where does it originate and where does it insert?

Answer 6

Trapezius
Function - raise, rotate and retract the scapula

Origin - occipital bone, ligaments nuchae, spines of C7-T12
Insertion - acromion, spine of scapula, end of clavicle

Question 7

What muscle is this? What is its function? Where does it originate and where does it insert?

Answer 7

Muscle - Serratus anterior 
function - protract and hold scapula against chest wall

originates - ribs 1-8
inserts - anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula

Question 8

What is each muscle and what are their functions?

Answer 8

1. Rhombus minor - elevates and retracts scapula
2. Rhombus major - elevates and retracts scapula
3. Erector spinae - extend vertebral column

Question 9

What are each of these muscles and what are their functions?

Answer 9

Purple - internal intercostal - depresses the ribs for exhaling

Yellow - external intercostal - elevates the ribs for inhaling

Question 10

What is this muscle and what is its function?

Answer 10

Levatator ani

supports pelvic vicar, elevates and retracts the anus

Question 11

What are each of these muscles and what are their functions?

Answer 11

1. internal oblique - compresses abdominal; laterally flex and rotate vertebral column
2. External oblique - compress abdomen, laterally flex and rotate vertebral column
3. Rectus absominis - flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen
4. Transverse abdominis - compresses abdomen

Question 12

What are the yellow, green and purple structures?

Answer 12

Green - apeoneurosis of the external oblique

Yellow - Linea alba

Purple - inguinal ligament

Question 13

What is the yellow structure?

Answer 13

thoracolumbar fascia

Question 14

What muscle is this? What is its function? Where does it originate?

Answer 14

Biceps brachii
Flexes and supinates forearm, flexes arm

Origins

• short head: coracoid process
• long head - supraglenoid tubercle

inserts at common tendon on radial tuberosity

Question 15

What muscle is this? What is its function? Where does it originate and where does it insert?

Answer 15

Brachialis - flexes forearm

origin- front distal half of humerus (where deltoid inserts)
insertion - coronoid process of ulna and capsule of elbow joint

Question 16

What is this muscle? What is its function? Where does it originate and where does it insert?

Answer 16

Brachoradialis - flexes forearm

origin - lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
insertion - styloid process of radius

Question 17

What is this muscle? What is its function? Where does it originate and where does it insert?

Answer 17

Triceps brachii - extends forearm and arm

origin:

1. lateral head - posterior humerus
2. long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
3. medial head - posterior, distal humerus

insertion - common tendon into olecranon process of ulna

Question 18

What are these muscles? What are their functions?

Answer 18

Yellow - Extensor carpi radials longus - extends and abducts hand

Green - extensor carpi ulnaris - extends and adducts hand

Purple - extensor digitorum - extends phalanges

Question 19

What muscle is this? What is its function?

Answer 19

Flexor carpi radialis

flexes and abducts hand

Question 20

What muscle is this? What is its function?

Answer 20

Flexor carpi ulnaris

flexes and adducts hand

Question 21

What muscle is this? What is its function?

Answer 21

palmaris longus

flexes hand

Question 22

What is this muscle? What is its function? Where does it originate and where does it insert?

Answer 22

deltoid - arm abduction

origin - arcomial end of clavicle, spine, and acromion of scapula (where trap inserts)

Insertion - deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Question 23

What are the names of these structures?

Answer 23

1. flexor retinaculum

2. extensor retinaculum

Question 24

What is this muscle? What is its function? Where does it originate and where does it insert?

Answer 24

Latissimus dorsi - extends, adducts and medially rotates arm

origin - thoacolumbar fascia, spines of T7-L5, crest of sacrum and ilium

insertion - spirals around theres major to insert in floor of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus

Question 25

What muscle is this and what is its function?

Answer 25

subscapularis | medially rotates arm

Question 26

What is this muscle? What is its function? Where does it originate and where does it insert?

Answer 26

Pectoralis major - arm flexion, adduction and medially rotation origin: clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6, and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle insertion - greater tubercle of humerus

Question 27

What are these muscles? What are their functions?

Answer 27

1. Supraspinatus - arm abduction 2. Infraspinatus - laterally rotates and adducts arm 3. Teres minor - laterally rotates, extends and adducts arm

Question 28

What muscle is this? What is its function? What is its origin and what is its insertion?

Answer 28

Gluteus maximus - extend and laterally rotates thigh origin - posterior ilium, sacrum, coccyx insertion - gluteal tuberosity and IT band

Question 29

What muscle is this? What is its function? What is its origin and what is its insertion?

Answer 29

Gluteus Medius - abducts and medially rotates thigh Origin - lateral surface of the ilium Insertion - greater trochanter

Question 30

What muscle is this? What are its functions? Where does it originate and where does it insert? What is is part of, and what other muscles contribute to this muscle group?

Answer 30

Biceps femoris - extends and laterally rotates thigh, flexes knee origin: 2 due to being a biceps - long heat: ischial tuberosity - short head - lines aspera Insertion: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia part of the hamstrings - also includes semitendinosus and semimembranosus

Question 31

What muscle is this? What are its functions? Where does it originate and where does it insert? What is is part of, and what other muscles contribute to this muscle group?

Answer 31

semimembranosus - extends and medially rotates thigh, flexes knee origin - ischial tuberosity insertion - medial condyle of tibia this is part of the hamstrings - also includes biceps femoris and semitendinosus

Question 32

What muscle is this? What are its functions? Where does it originate and where does it insert? What is is part of, and what other muscles contribute to this muscle group?

Answer 32

semitendinosus - extends and medially rotates thigh, flexes knee origin - ischial tuberosity insertion - proximal, medial surface of tibia part of the hamstrings - also includes the hamstrings and the semimembranosus

Question 33

What muscle is this? What are its functions? Where does it originate and where does it insert? What is is part of, and what other muscles contribute to this muscle group?

Answer 33

rectus femoris - extends leg, flexes thigh origin - anterior inferior iliac spine insertion - patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament part of quadriceps femoris - also incudes cactus intermedius, lateralis, medalis

Question 34

What are the purple and yellow muscles? What are their functions? Where do they originate and where do they insert? What muscle group is it part of and what are the other muscles?

Answer 34

Purple - vastus medialis - extends knee/leg origin - linea aspera, intertrochanteric line insertion - patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Yellow - vastus lateralis - extends knee/leg origin - greater trochanter, lines aspera, intertrochanteriic line insertion - patella and tibial tuberosity vita patellar ligament both are part of the quadriceps femoris - also includes the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius

Question 35

What are these muscles? What are their functions? Where do they originate and where do they insert? What muscle group are they part of?

Answer 35

A. rectus femoris - extend leg and flex thigh origin - anterior inferior iliac spine insertion - patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament B. vastus intermedius - extends leg/knee origin - anterolateral surface of fetur insertion - patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament part of the quadriceps femoris - also includes vastus lateralis and vastus medialis

Question 36

What muscle is this? What is its function? Where does it originate and where does it insert?

Answer 36

Gracialis - adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh origin - inferior ramus of pubis inserts - just inferior to medial condyle of tibia

Question 37

What muscle is this? What is its function? Where does it originate and where does it insert?

Answer 37

Sartorius - flexes leg; flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh origin - anterior superior iliac spine insertion - medial condyle of tibia

Question 38

What are these muscles? What are their functions?

Answer 38

yellow - adductor magnus - adducts and laterally rotates thigh green - gracialis - adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh purple - sartorius - flexes leg; flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh

Question 39

What are these structures?

Answer 39

Yellow - MUSCLE Tensor fascia lata - flexes and abducts thigh purple - LIGAMENT iliotibial band

Question 40

What is the yellow muscle? What is its function? Where does it originate and where does it insert?

Answer 40

Gastrocnemius - plantar flexes foot, flexes leg and knee origin - by 2 heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur insertion - calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

Question 41

What is this muscle? What is its function?

Answer 41

Piriformis - laterally rotates and abducts thigh

Question 42

What are these structures?

Answer 42

A. inguinal ligament B. Fascia lata C. Tensor fascia lata

Question 43

What is the blue muscle? What is its function? Where does it originate and where does it insert?

Answer 43

Soleus - plantar flexes foot origin - head and proximal shaft of fibula, superior tibia insertion - calcaneus vis calcaneal tendon

Question 44

What muscle is this? What is its function? Where does it originate and where does it insert?

Answer 44

Tibialis anterior - dorsiflexion and inversion of foot origin - lateral condyle and proximal shaft of tibia insertion - medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bone

Question 45

What muscle is this? What is its function?

Answer 45

Peroneus (fibularis) longus - plantar flexion and eversion of foot

Question 46

What muscle is this? What is its function?

Answer 46

Extensor digitorum longus - dorsiflexion of foot, extension of phalanges

Question 47

What is this structure?

Answer 47

Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

Question 48

What are these structures?

Answer 48

Purple - Sarcolemma - plasma membrane of the muscle cell Yellow - endomysium - dense irregular Ct that covers muscle fibers

Question 49

What are these structures?

Answer 49

Yellow - myofibril - contracting units of muscle cells, made of sarcomeres Green - motor neuron - AP goes down axon, releases AcH from synaptic end bulb, AcH travels through synaptic cleft to motor end plate - In total, all called neuromuscular junction

Question 50

What are all these structures and what are they made of?

Answer 50

green - I band - Actin (thin) only yellow - A band - Overlapping Actin (thin) and myosin (thick) pink - M line - region at the center of an H zone, holds myosin filaments together at center to sarcomere blue - Z disc - narrow, plate shaped region made of dense material, separates sarcomeres from each other H zone (not pictured) - narrow region in center of A band that only has myosin (thick)