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Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Occipitofrontalis (frontal belly)

A

Action: Raise the eyebrows, wrinkles the forehead and protract the scalp

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2
Q

Occipitofrontalis (occipital belly)

A

Action: retracts the scalp slightly

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3
Q

Galea aponeurotica

A

Location: tendinous sheath in superior skull

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4
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Action: puckers the lips, used to kiss and suck on a straw

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5
Q

Buccinator

A

Action: Compresses cheeks, holds food between cheeks, aids in sucking and blowing. “trumpeter”

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6
Q

Temporalis

A

Mastication muscle
Action: elevates and retracts the mandible
Origin: Superior and inferior portion of temporal bone
Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible

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7
Q

Masseter

A

Mastication muscle
Action: Prime mover of jaw closure; elevates and protracts mandible. “chewer”
Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: lateral surfaces of angle of mandible and coronoid process

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8
Q

Medial and Lateral Pterygoid

A

Action: Elevates and protracts mandible, moves mandible laterally. “grinder”

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9
Q

Platysma

A

Action: Pulls lower lip inferiorly, tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible. “grimace”

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10
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Action: Both contracted - flexion pulls head forward and down. One contracted - rotation of the atlantoaxial joint; lateral flexion turns head to the opposite side
Origin: Manubrium and sternal ends of clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone

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11
Q

Splenius Capitis/Semispinalis Capitis

A

Action: Both contracted - extends and hyperextends head/neck. Unilateral contractions turn head and neck to the same side.
Synergistic to Trapezius

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12
Q

Muscles of facial expression

A
  1. Occipitofrontalis (frontal and occipital belly)
  2. Orbicularis oris
  3. Buccinator
  4. Platysma
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13
Q

Erector Spinae / Transversospinalis

A

Action: Both contracted - extends vertebral column.
One side contracted - flexes vertebral column laterally toward that same side.

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14
Q

Rectus sheath

A

Tendinous sheath over the abdominal muscles

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15
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Action: Flexes vertebral column, and compresses the abdominal wall
Origin: Superior surface of pubis near symphysis
Insertion: Xiphoid process, inferior surface of middle ribs

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16
Q

External/Internal Obliques

A

Both contracted - compresses abdomen, and flexes the vertebral column. One side contracted - lateral trunk flexion and/or trunk rotation occurs.

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17
Q

Transverse abdominis

A

Compresses abdomen. Supports spine while lifting.
“the body’s natural back brace”

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18
Q

Linea Alba

A

Fibrous tissue running down the center if the rectus abdominis

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19
Q

Linea semilunaris

A

Fibrous tissues running along the lateral edges of the rectus abdominis

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20
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A

connects the oblique muscles of the abdomen to the pelvis, deep in the groin

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21
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Action: Prime mover of arm flexion; adducts and medially rotates arm at glenohumeral joint
Origin: Body of sternum, medial clavicle, and costal cartilage of upper ribs.
Insertion: Lateral part of intertubercular groove of humerus

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22
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Action: Protracts and depresses scapula

Synergistic muscles for scapular protraction
Antagonistic rhomboid major/minor

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23
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Action: Prime mover in scapular protraction; stabilizes and superiorly rotates scapula
Synergistic muscles for scapular protraction
Antagonistic rhomboid major/minor

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24
Q

Deltoid

A

Action: Anterior fibers: flexes and medially rotates. Middle fibers: prime abductor. Posterior fibers: extend and laterally rotates
Origin: Acromial end of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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25
Coracobrachialis (action only)
Action: Adducts and flexes at the glenohumeral joint Synergistic to the Pectoralis major
26
Biceps Brachii (Long Head)
Action: Flexes cubitus, powerful supinator of antebrachium at cubitus; weakly flexes the glenohumeral joint Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Insertion: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
27
Biceps Brachii (short head)
Action: Flexes cubitus, powerful supinator of antebrachium at cubitus Origin: Coracoid process of scapula Insertion: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
28
Trapezius
Action: Adducts and elevates the scapula; extends neck Origin: Occipital bone, Ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C7-T12 Insertion: Clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula
29
Rhomboid Minor/Major
Action: Adducts and elevates scapula; inferiorly rotates scapula Antagonist to pectoralis minor and serratus anterior
30
Rotator Cuff Muscles
1. Supraspinatus 2. Infraspinatus 3. Subscapularis 4. Teres minor
31
Subscapularis
Action: Medially rotates the brachium Antagonist to infraspinatus and teres minor
32
Supraspinatus
Action: Abducts brachium at glenohumeral joint
33
Infraspinatus
Action: Adducts and laterally rotates at glenohumeral joint Synergistic to teres minor
34
Teres minor
Action: Adducts and laterally rotates at glenohumeral joint Synergistic to Infraspinatus
35
Teres major
Brachium extension, adducts humerus inferiorly and posteriorly while rotating it medially Synergistic to latissimus dorsi
36
Latissimus dorsi
Action: Prime mover of arm extension; adducts humerus inferiorly and posteriorly while rotating medially. "swimmers" Origin: Spinous processes of T7-T12, lower ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus
37
Triceps brachii (long head)
Action: Prime extensor of cubitus; also extends the glenohumeral joint O: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula I: Olecranon of ulna
38
Triceps brachii (lateral head)
Action: prime extensor of cubitus O: Posterior humerus above radial groove I: Olecranon of ulna
39
Triceps brachii (medial head)
Action: prime extensor of cubitus O: Posterior humerus below radial groove I: Olecranon of ulna
40
Tensor fascia latae
Action: Abducts and medially rotates femoral region at acetabulofemoral joint. O: Iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine I: Iliotibial tract
41
Sartorius
Action: Flexes acetabulofemoral joint and laterally rotates femoral region. Flexes tibiofemoral joint and medially rotates crural region. O: Anterior superior iliac spine I: Medial side of tibial tuberosity (Pes Anserine)
42
Muscles of Quadricep
1. Rectus Femoris 2. Vastus Lateralis 3. Vastus intermedius 4. Vastus medialis
43
Rectus femoris
Action: Extends leg at tibiofemoral joint; also flexes femoral region O: Anterior inferior iliac spine I: Quadriceps tendon to patella then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
44
Vastus lateralis
Action: Extends leg at tibiofemoral joint O: Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur I: Quadriceps tendon to patella then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
45
Vastus intermedius
Action: Extends leg at tibiofemoral joint O: Anterior and lateral surface of femur I: Quadriceps tendon to patella then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
46
Vastus medialis
Action: Extends leg at tibiofemoral joint O: Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur I: Quadriceps tendon to patella then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
47
Gracilis (only insertion)
Action: Adducts and flexes femoral region at acetabulofemoral joint, flexes crural region at tibiofemoral joint I: Pes Anserine
48
Tibialis anterior
Action: Primary dorsiflexor of foot; inverts
49
Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Action: Plantar flexes and everts foot at talocrural region
50
Gluteus Maximus
Action: Chief extensor of femoral region; extends and laterally rotates femoral region O: Iliac crest, sacrum, and coccyx I: Iliotibial tract, linea aspera of femur, and gluteal tuberosity of femur
51
Piriformis
Action: rotates the femur during the hip extension and abducts the femur during flexion of the hip Deep to the gluteus maximus
52
3 Hamstring Muscles
1. Biceps femoris (long/short head) 2. Semitendinosus 3. Semimembranosus
53
Biceps femoris
Action: Extends femoral region and flexes crural at tibiofemoral joint (long head). Biceps femoris laterally rotates crural O: Ischial tuberosity I: Head of fibula
54
Semitendinosus
Action: Semitendinosus and semimembranosus medially rotate crural O: Ischial tuberosity I: Medial side of tibial tuberosity (Pes Anserine)
55
Semimembranosus
Action: Semitendinosus and semimembranosus medially rotate crural O: Ischial tuberosity I: Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
56
2 Tricep surae muscles
Gastrocnemius has 2 heads Soleus
57
Gastrocnemius
Action: Plantar flexes foot and flexes tibiofemoral joint O: Superior posterior lateral and medial condyles of femur I: Calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
58
Soleus
Action: Plantar flexes foot at talocrural region Deep to the gastrocnemius
59
Muscles of respiration
Diaphragm External intercostals Internal intercostals
60
Diaphragm
Inhalation - contracts and flattens diaphragm to pull lung interior and compress abdominopelvic cavity
61
External intercostals
Restful breathing - elevates ribs up and out Exhalation - muscles relax allowing the elastic recoil of lung tissue
62
Internal intercostals
Forceful exhalation - depresses ribs. Used in coughing and sneezing.
63
Pes Anserine insertion muscles
Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosus
64
3 muscles originating on axial skeleton
Pectoralis major Trapezius Latissimus dorsi
65
IM Injection Muscles
Deltoid Gluteus maximus Vastus lateralis
66
Deltoid and Pectoralis major are synergistic to what muscles?
latissimus dorsi/supraspinatus

Anatomy (3 decks)

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