Muscles

Question 1

1) Skeletal

Answer 1

Voluntary muscle
Movement, heat production, posture

Question 2

2) Smooth

Answer 2

Involuntary muscle
ie. Swallowing

Controlled by nervous system
Autonomic nervous / endocrine system

Question 3

3) Cardiac

Answer 3

Only in the heart 🫀
Electrical conduction

Question 4

Muscle cells are..

Answer 4

Striated

Question 5

Epimysium

Answer 5

Encases ENTIRE muscle
Holds fascicles together

Question 6

Perimysium

Answer 6

Covers fascicle (group of muscle fibers)

Question 7

Endomysium

Answer 7

Covers the muscle cell (fiber)

Question 8

Fascia

Answer 8

Connective tissue (fibrous)
Surrounds epimysium and tendon

Question 9

Tendon connects

Answer 9

Muscle to bone

Question 10

Tendons covered by

Answer 10

Tendon sheaths (lubrication)
Sheaths are lined with synovial membrane
Tendons glide within sheath during movement

Question 11

Skeletal muscle
Functions: Movement, heat production, posture

Answer 11

Excitability
Irritability
Ability to respond to nerve signals

Question 12

Skeletal muscle
Functions: Movement, heat production, posture

Answer 12

Contractibility - shorten
Extensibility - stretch

Question 13

Muscle fiber
Surrounding is sarcolemma =

Answer 13

Cell membrane

Question 14

Sarcoplasm =

Answer 14

Cytoplasm

Question 15

T tubules

Answer 15

Across sarcolemma in muscle fiber

T tubules allow electrical impulses to enter for contraction

Question 16

Myofibril (cytoskeleton)

Answer 16

Inside muscle fiber

Question 17

Thick myofilaments

Answer 17

Myosin (protein)

Question 18

Thin myofilaments

Answer 18

*Actin
Troponin
Tropomyosin
(Proteins)

Question 19

Sarcomere

Answer 19

Contractile unit of muscle in myofibril
Z disk to a disk

Question 20

Ca++ storage in..

Answer 20

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 21

How does a contraction work?

Answer 21

Excitation of the sarcolemma -> T tubules -> sarco. reticulum release Ca++ into sarcoplasm -> Ca++ binds to troponin (thin) = chemical reaction = contraction

Question 22

Mm at rest

Answer 22

Ca++ channels are closed
Tropomyosin covers active sites on actin

Question 23

Muscle structure

Answer 23

Connective tissue
Muscle fibers
Myofibrils

Question 24

Strain

Answer 24

Caused by: overexertion, trauma, no warming up (flexibility)

Symptoms: pain (myalgia), may be weakened

Question 25

Fibromyositis Myositis

Answer 25

Inflammation of muscle and tendon Inflammation of mm, result of a strain

Question 26

Torn Rotator Cuff (RTC)

Answer 26

Tear in tendons of cuff mm Hold head of humerus in glenoid fossa

Question 27

RTC tear causes and symptoms

Answer 27

Traumatic injury Chronic degeneration May hear tearing sound (crepitus) Acute pain LOM in abduction and flexion of shoulder

Question 28

Tendonitis

Answer 28

Microtrauma Many actually tendinosis, tenosynovitis

Question 29

RSI

Answer 29

Load > tissue tolerance Micro -> Macrotrauma

Question 30

Tetanus

Answer 30

Mm spasm, lockjaw, can cause fracture or tear Toxins from bacterium 🦠 Can be from any skin puncture

Question 31

Hernia

Answer 31

Protrusion of organ (sm intestine) through abdominal muscles/fascia

Question 32

Muscular Dystrophy Duchenne type

Answer 32

Muscle atrophy Mutation on X chromosome