Muscles Flashcards
(601 cards)
1
Q
What nerves supply the pectoralis major?
A
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves.
2
Q
What muscles connect the upper limb to the vertebral column?
A
Muscles of the back.
3
Q
What actions does the pectoralis major perform?
A
Adduction and medial rotation of the arm
4
Q
What is the action of the pectoralis major?
A
Adduction and medial rotation of the arm
5
Q
What muscles are included in the pectoral region?
A
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and subclavius.
6
Q
What actions does the pectoralis minor perform?
A
Protraction of scapula, depression of shoulder, accessory muscle of respiration.
7
Q
What nerve supplies the pectoralis minor?
A
Medial pectoral nerve.
8
Q
What is the insertion point of the pectoralis major?
A
By U-shaped bilaminar tendon into lateral lip of bicipital groove.
9
Q
What are the muscles connecting the upper limb to the thoracic wall?
A
Pectoral muscles and serratus anterior.
10
Q
What is the origin of the pectoralis minor?
A
Outer surface of 3, 4, and 5 ribs.
11
Q
What is the action of the pectoralis minor?
A
Protraction of scapula and depression of shoulder.
12
Q
What is the origin of the pectoralis major?
A
Clavicular head: front of medial ½ of clavicle
13
Q
What is the insertion point of the pectoralis minor?
A
Upper surface and medial border of coracoid process.
14
Q
What muscles connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton?
A
Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, and subclavius.
15
Q
What is the nerve supply for the pectoralis major?
A
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves.
16
Q
What are the primary functions of the subclavius muscle?
A
Depress and prevent excessive upward movement of the clavicle.
17
Q
Where does the subclavius muscle originate?
A
Upper surface of the 1st costo-chondral junction.
18
Q
Which nerve innervates the subclavius muscle?
A
Nerve to subclavius.
19
Q
What is the insertion point of the subclavius muscle?
A
Groove on the inferior surface of the middle 1/3 of the clavicle.
20
Q
Which muscle is located beneath the pectoralis major?
A
Pectoralis minor.
21
Q
What is the origin of the pectoralis major muscle?
A
Clavicle, sternum, and upper 6 costal cartilages.
22
Q
What is the function of the subclavius muscle?
A
Stabilizes the clavicle.
23
Q
What is the function of the serratus anterior muscle?
A
It helps in the movement of the scapula.
24
Q
Which muscle is responsible for movements of the shoulder and is labeled in the image?
A
Serratus anterior.
25
What structure is indicated by the term 'coracoid process'?
A bony projection on the scapula.
26
What is the function of the pectoralis major muscle?
It aids in the movement of the shoulder joint.
27
What does the term 'sternal angle' refer to?
The junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum.
28
What is the significance of the inter-tubercular sulcus?
It serves as a groove for tendon attachment.
29
What is the body of the sternum?
The central part of the sternum.
30
What muscle is located beneath the pectoralis major?
Pectoralis minor.
31
What is the function of the serratus anterior muscle?
It helps in the protraction and stabilization of the scapula.
32
What is the significance of the long thoracic nerve?
It innervates the serratus anterior muscle.
33
What muscle is primarily associated with the long thoracic nerve?
Serratus anterior.
34
What is the inferior angle of the scapula?
The lowest point of the scapula.
35
What does a winged scapula indicate?
Weakness or paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle.
36
What is the nerve supply for the trapezius muscle?
Spinal accessory nerve and nerves C3 & C4.
37
What actions do the rhomboid muscles perform?
Rotate the scapula so that the glenoid cavity looks downwards and retract the scapula.
38
What are the two layers of muscles connecting the upper limb to the vertebral column?
Superficial layer (trapezius & latissimus dorsi) and deep layer (levator scapulae, rhomboids minor & major).
39
What is the action of the rhomboid major muscle?
Rotates the scapula so that the glenoid cavity looks downwards and retracts the scapula.
40
What is the nerve supply for the trapezius muscle?
Spinal accessory nerve and nerves C3 & C4.
41
What are the two layers of muscles connecting the upper limb to the vertebral column?
Superficial layer (trapezius & latissimus dorsi) and deep layer (levator scapulae, rhomboids minor & major).
42
What is the origin of the levator scapulae muscle?
Transverse processes of upper 4 cervical vertebrae.
43
What is the origin of the rhomboid major muscle?
Spines & supra-spinous ligaments from T2 to T5 vertebrae.
44
What does the term 'Lamina' refer to in vertebra anatomy?
The flat part of the vertebra that forms the posterior portion of the vertebral arch.
45
What structure connects the occipital bone to the spine?
Occipital condyle.
46
What is the function of the spinous process on a vertebra?
It serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments.
47
What structure is indicated by 'Vertebral foramen'?
The opening in a vertebra that allows the passage of the spinal cord.
48
What bone is located at the back of the skull?
Occipital bone.
49
What is the main function of the vertebra?
To support the body and protect the spinal cord.
50
What is the significance of the 'Occipital condyle'?
It articulates with the first cervical vertebra (atlas).
51
What is the role of the 'Pedicle' in a vertebra?
It connects the body of the vertebra to the vertebral arch.
52
What is the 'Superior articular process'?
A projection on a vertebra that articulates with the inferior articular process of the vertebra above.
53
What is the purpose of the 'Transverse process'?
It serves as a point of attachment for muscles and ligaments.
54
What does the term 'Olecranon process of ulna' refer to?
The bony prominence of the ulna at the elbow.
55
What is the role of the 'Levator scapulae' muscle?
It elevates the scapula.
56
What is the origin of the trapezius muscle according to the diagram?
V-shaped origin from the spinous processes of C1 to C4 vertebrae.
57
What is the function of the deltoid muscle?
It is responsible for shoulder abduction, flexion, and extension.
58
What is the significance of the 'Olecranon process of ulna' in the diagram?
It serves as an attachment point for muscles and tendons in the arm.
59
Which muscle is indicated as 'Rhomboids major'?
A muscle that retracts the scapula.
60
What muscle is indicated as the Trapezius muscle?
A major muscle of the back that helps in shoulder movement.
61
What is the function of the Latissimus dorsi muscle?
It helps in the movement of the shoulder and arm.
62
What is the role of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle?
It helps in the rotation and flexion of the neck.
63
What is the significance of the Spine of scapula?
It serves as an attachment point for muscles.
64
What is the function of the Levator scapulae muscle?
It elevates the scapula.
65
What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Lower 6 thoracic spines, lumbar spines, thoraco-lumbar fascia, and posterior part of the iliac crest.
66
What type of activities might engage the latissimus dorsi muscle?
Swimming and rowing.
67
Which rib levels are associated with the latissimus dorsi muscle?
9th and 12th ribs.
68
What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle?; Small slip from the back of the inferior angle of the scapula
lower 6 thoracic spines
69
What movements does the latissimus dorsi muscle assist with?; Swimming
rowing
70
What is the function of the latissimus dorsi muscle?; It helps in the extension
adduction
71
Which rib does the latissimus dorsi muscle attach to?; 9th and 12th ribs.
72
What is the insertion point of the latissimus dorsi muscle?; Floor of bicipital groove of the humerus.
73
What forms the Triangle of Auscultation?; The lower part of the lateral border of the trapezius
the medial border of the scapula
74
Where can breath sounds be clearly auscultated?; In the Triangle of Auscultation.
75
What is the floor of the Triangle of Auscultation?; Rhomboid major.
76
What forms the Triangle of Auscultation?; Lower part of the lateral border of trapezius
medial border of scapula
77
What is the floor of the Triangle of Auscultation?; Rhomboid major.
78
Which muscles are referred to as the rhomboids?; Rhomboid Major and Rhomboid Minor.
79
What muscle is responsible for elevating the scapula?; Levator scapulae.
80
Where does the Rhomboid Minor muscle originate?; C7 Spinous Processes.
81
What is the insertion point of the Rhomboids?; Scapula (Shoulder Blade).
82
Where does the Rhomboid Major muscle originate?; T1-T4 Spinous Processes.
83
What is the role of the teres major muscle?; It assists in the medial rotation and adduction of the arm.
84
Which muscle is located at the top of the shoulder?; Deltoid muscle.
85
Which muscle is involved in elbow flexion?; Brachialis muscle.
86
Which muscle is located on the back of the upper arm?; Triceps brachii muscle.
87
What is the insertion point for the common extensor tendon?; Lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
88
Which muscle assists in flexing the elbow?; Brachialis muscle.
89
What is the function of the supraspinatus muscle?; Abducts the arm.
90
What is the function of the rhomboid muscles?; They retract the scapula.
91
What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi muscle?; Lower spine and iliac crest.
92
Which muscle is responsible for the lateral rotation of the arm?; Infraspinatus muscle.
93
What is the role of the teres major muscle?; Medial rotation and adduction of the arm.
94
Which muscle is responsible for external rotation of the arm?; Infraspinatus muscle.
95
Which muscle is located beneath the deltoid muscle?; Supraspinatus muscle.
96
What nerve supplies the trapezius muscle?; Accessory nerve.
97
What muscles are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve?; Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
98
Which spinal roots contribute to the nerve supply of the back muscles?; C1 to C6.
99
What is the role of the dorsal scapular nerve?; It supplies the rhomboid muscles.
100
Which artery is associated with the suprascapular nerve?; Suprascapular artery.
101
What is the function of the rhomboid major muscle?; Retracts the scapula.
102
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the levator scapulae?; Dorsal scapular nerve.
103
Which nerve innervates the rhomboid minor muscle?; Dorsal scapular nerve.
104
What muscle is supplied by the external branch of the accessory nerve?; Sternocleidomastoid muscle.
105
What is the function of the rhomboid major and minor muscles?; They retract the scapula.
106
What is the function of the coracobrachialis muscle?; Flexion and adduction of the arm.
107
What muscle is located in the lower back and assists in arm movement?; Latissimus dorsi muscle.
108
What muscle is located beneath the scapula?; Subscapularis muscle.
109
Which muscle is known as the long head of the biceps?; Biceps brachii muscle (long head).
110
Which muscle is located on the forearm and assists in flexing the wrist?; Brachialis muscle.
111
Which muscle assists in flexing the arm and is located near the shoulder?; Coracobrachialis muscle.
112
What muscle is responsible for shoulder abduction and is located above the scapula?; Supraspinatus muscle.
113
What muscle assists in forearm supination?; Supinator muscle.
114
Which muscle is involved in elbow flexion and is located in the upper arm?; Brachialis muscle.
115
Which muscle is responsible for wrist extension and is located on the forearm?; Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle.
116
Which muscle is located on the side of the chest and is responsible for arm movement?; Pectoralis major muscle.
117
Which muscle is located on the front of the shoulder and is involved in internal rotation?; Subscapularis muscle.
118
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the elbow and is located in the upper arm?; Biceps brachii muscle.
119
What muscle is located beneath the deltoid and assists in shoulder stabilization?; Teres major muscle.
120
Which muscle is located on the back and contributes to shoulder extension?; Latissimus dorsi muscle.
121
Which muscle is involved in shoulder abduction and is located above the scapula?; Supraspinatus muscle.
122
What muscle is located at the top of the shoulder?; Deltoid muscle.
123
What muscle is responsible for extending the elbow and is located in the back of the upper arm?; Triceps brachii muscle.
124
What is the insertion point of the Deltoid muscle?; Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
125
What actions are performed by the Infraspinatus muscle?
Adduction and lateral rotation of the shoulder.
126
What happens if the axillary nerve is injured?
It leads to flat shoulder and loss of abduction of the shoulder (15 - 90 degrees).
127
What is the origin of the Infraspinatus muscle?
Medial 2/3 of Infraspinous fossa.
128
Which nerve supplies the Deltoid muscle?
Circumflex (axillary) nerve.
129
What is the action of the middle fibers of the Deltoid muscle?
Abduction of the shoulder (15 - 90 degrees).
130
What action does the Supraspinatus muscle perform?
Initiation of abduction of the shoulder (0 - 15 degrees).
131
What actions are performed by the anterior fibers of the Deltoid muscle?
Flexion and medial rotation of the shoulder.
132
What is the origin of the Supraspinatus muscle?
Medial 2/3 of Supraspinous fossa.
133
What is the origin of the Deltoid muscle?
Anterior border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle, lateral border of acromion process, lower border of crest of spine of scapula.
134
What is the origin of the Subscapularis muscle?
Medial 2/3 of Subscapular fossa.
135
What is the action of the Subscapularis muscle?
Adduction and medial rotation of the shoulder.
136
Which nerve innervates the Teres major muscle?
Lower subscapular nerve.
137
What is the function of the Teres minor muscle?
Adduction and lateral rotation of the shoulder.
138
What is the insertion point of the Teres major muscle?
Medial lip of the bicipital groove (TLP).
139
Which nerve innervates the Teres minor?
Circumflex (axillary) nerve.
140
What is the role of the rotator cuff muscles?
Steady the head of the humerus inside the glenoid cavity.
141
What is the origin of the Teres minor muscle?
Upper 2/3 of the dorsal surface of the lateral border of the scapula.
142
What is the origin of the Teres major muscle?
Dorsal surface of the inferior angle and adjoining part of the lower 1/3 of the lateral border of the scapula.
143
What are the primary actions of the Teres major muscle?
Adduction, extension, and medial rotation of the shoulder.
144
How does the Teres major muscle relate to swimming?
It plays an important role in swimming, similar to the latissimus dorsi.
145
How does the Teres major muscle relate to swimming?
It plays an important role in swimming, similar to the latissimus dorsi.
146
What is the origin of the Teres major muscle?
Dorsal surface of inferior angle and adjoining part of lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula.
147
Which nerve innervates the Teres minor muscle?
Circumflex (axillary) nerve.
148
What is the insertion point of the Teres minor muscle?
Lowest facet of the greater tubercle osity.
149
Which nerve innervates the Teres major?
Lower subscapular nerve.
150
What is the role of the rotator cuff muscles?
They steady the head of the humerus inside the glenoid cavity.
151
What is the origin of the Teres minor muscle?
Upper 2/3 of dorsal surface of lateral border of scapula.
152
Which part of the deltoid muscle is responsible for shoulder abduction?
The lateral (middle) fibers.
153
What is the primary function of the deltoid muscle?
To facilitate shoulder movement.
154
What is the significance of the subscapular fossa in relation to the deltoid muscle?
It is located on the scapula, providing a surface for muscle attachment.
155
What is the insertion point of the deltoid muscle?
The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
156
What is the origin of the lateral fibers of the deltoid muscle?
Lateral border of the acromion.
157
What is the significance of the supraspinous fossa in relation to the deltoid muscle?
It is the origin point for the supraspinatus muscle, which works with the deltoid.
158
What is the function of the infraspinous fossa?
It provides an attachment for the infraspinatus muscle, which aids in shoulder stabilization.
159
What anatomical feature is located beneath the deltoid muscle?
The subscapular fossa.
160
What is the role of the posterior fibers of the deltoid muscle?
To assist in shoulder extension and external rotation.
161
What is the role of the supraspinous fossa?
It serves as an attachment point for the supraspinatus muscle, which assists the deltoid.
162
Where do the posterior fibers of the deltoid muscle originate?
Lower lip of the crest of the spine of the scapula.
163
Which muscle is located beneath the deltoid in the posterior view?
Infraspinatus.
164
What nerve is associated with the teres minor?
Axillary nerve.
165
What is the role of the suprascapular nerve?
Innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.
166
What muscle is shown in the anterior view of the shoulder anatomy?
Subscapularis muscle.
167
What structure is indicated as the 'capsule of shoulder joint'?
The protective covering of the shoulder joint.
168
What is the function of the rotator cuff?
Stabilizes the shoulder joint.
169
What structure is indicated as the 'Crest of spine'?
The ridge on the scapula.
170
What is indicated by the term 'deltoid tuberosity'?
A bony prominence for muscle attachment on the humerus.
171
What is the role of the teres major muscle?
Helps in shoulder adduction and medial rotation.
172
Which muscle is located above the subscapularis muscle?
Supraspinatus muscle.
173
What is the acromion process?
A bony projection on the scapula.
174
Which ligament connects the clavicle to the acromion?
Acromioclavicular ligament.
175
What is the significance of the greater tuberosity?
It serves as an attachment point for shoulder muscles.
176
What is the function of the subacromial bursa?
Reduces friction between the acromion and rotator cuff.
177
What is the function of the teres major muscle?
To assist in shoulder adduction and internal rotation.
178
Which muscle is located below the infra-spinatus muscle?
Teres minor.
179
Which muscle is located below the supraspinatus muscle?
Infraspinatus muscle.
180
Which muscle is located at the crest of the spine in the posterior view?
Supra-spinatus muscle.
181
What is the function of the rotator cuff?
To stabilize the shoulder joint.
182
What is the role of the acromial bursa?
To reduce friction between the shoulder joint structures.
183
What muscle is located at the surgical neck of the humerus?
Teres minor.
184
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the upper lateral cutaneous area of the arm?
Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm.
185
What is the nerve supply for the deltoid muscle?
Axillary nerve.
186
What is the anatomical position of the deltoid muscle?
It is located on the shoulder, covering the shoulder joint.
187
Which nerve is responsible for the upper lateral cutaneous sensation of the arm?
Upper lateral cutaneous nerve of arm.
188
What is the significance of the axillary nerve?
It innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles.
189
Which muscle is innervated by the axillary nerve besides the deltoid?
Teres minor.
190
What is the significance of the posterior branch of the axillary nerve?
It innervates the posterior part of the deltoid muscle.
191
What muscle is located at the surgical neck of the humerus?
Deltoid.
192
What is the posterior branch associated with?
Deltoid muscle.
193
What is the function of the suprascapular artery?
It supplies blood to the shoulder region.
194
What does the suprascapular nerve innervate?
It innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.
195
What is the spinoglenoid ligament associated with?
It is associated with the suprascapular nerve and artery.
196
What is the role of the transverse scapular ligament?
It bridges the suprascapular notch.
197
What is the spinoglenoid ligament associated with?
It is associated with the scapula and the suprascapular nerve.
198
What is the action of the Triceps Brachii?
Main extensor of the elbow.
199
What is the action of the long head of the Biceps Brachii?
Support head of the humerus from above.
200
Which nerve supplies the Biceps Brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve, except for the lateral part of brachialis which is supplied by the radial nerve.
201
Where does the Caracobrachialis muscle insert?
Middle of the medial border of the humerus.
202
What is the action of the Coracobrachialis?
Flexion and adduction of the shoulder.
203
What is the main action of the Brachialis muscle?
Main flexor of the elbow.
204
What is the origin of the medial head of the Triceps Brachii?
Back of the shaft of the humerus below the spiral groove.
205
What is the origin of the long head of the Biceps Brachii?
Arises from the supraglenoid tubercle.
206
Which nerve supplies the Triceps Brachii?
Radial nerve.
207
What actions does the Biceps Brachii perform?
Flexion of forearm and supination of flexed pronated forearm at radioulnar joints.
208
What is the origin of the Coracobrachialis?
Tip of the coracoid process.
209
What is the insertion point of the Triceps Brachii?
Superior surface of the olecranon process of the ulna.
210
What is the origin of the Triceps Brachii's long head?
Infraglenoid tubercle.
211
What is the insertion point of the Biceps Brachii?
Posterior part of radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia of the upper part of the medial side of the forearm.
212
Which nerve supplies the lateral and medial heads of the Triceps Brachii?
Radial nerve.
213
What is the function of the bicipital aponeurosis?
It provides support and attachment for the biceps muscle.
214
What does the term 'bicipital groove' refer to?
A groove on the humerus where the biceps tendon runs.
215
Which muscle is found in both the superficial and deep layers of the anterior compartment of the arm?
Brachialis muscle.
216
What is the radial tuberosity associated with?
It is associated with the biceps muscle's tendon.
217
What is the function of the coraco-brachialis muscle?
It helps in flexing and adducting the arm.
218
What is the function of the ulnar tuberosity?
It serves as an attachment point for muscles and ligaments.
219
What muscle is located in the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the arm?
Biceps muscle.
220
What is the significance of the deltoid tuberosity?
It serves as the attachment point for the deltoid muscle.
221
What does the medial intermuscular septum separate?
It separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the arm.
222
What is the role of the transverse humeral ligament?
It holds the tendon of the long head of the biceps in place.
223
Which muscle is located in the anterior compartment of the arm?
Brachialis muscle.
224
What muscle is indicated as the 'short head of biceps'?
Biceps muscle.
225
What does the term 'medial intermuscular septum' refer to?
A connective tissue structure that separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the arm.
226
Which muscle has both a short head and a long head?
Biceps brachii.
227
Which muscle has a short head and is part of the biceps brachii?
Biceps brachii (short head).
228
What is the function of the 'Brachialis' muscle?
It flexes the elbow.
229
What is the role of the 'Pronator teres' muscle?
It helps in pronating the forearm.
230
What is the function of the supraspinatus muscle?
Helps form the rotator cuff.
231
What does the 'Coracoacromial ligament' connect?
It connects the coracoid process to the acromion.
232
What is the function of the 'Supraspinatus' muscle?
It helps in shoulder abduction.
233
Which muscle is located on the medial side of the arm?
Triceps brachii (medial head).
234
What muscle is labeled as 'Coracobrachialis'?
A muscle located in the upper arm.
235
Which muscle is part of the triceps brachii and has a medial head?
Triceps brachii (medial head).
236
What muscle is labeled as 'Teres major'?
Teres major.
237
What structure is referred to as the 'Acromion'?
A bony process on the scapula.
238
What is the long head of the biceps brachii?
Biceps brachii (long head).
239
Which muscle is located beneath the biceps brachii?
Brachialis.
240
Which muscle is labeled as coracobrachialis?
Coracobrachialis.
241
What muscle is identified as having short and long heads?
Biceps brachii.
242
What is the name of the muscle located next to the coracobrachialis?
Brachialis.
243
What are the two heads of the triceps brachii muscle mentioned in the image?
Long head and lateral head.
244
What structure connects the triceps brachii muscle to the elbow?
Tendon.
245
What structure connects the triceps brachii muscle to the elbow?
Tendon.
246
What is the primary muscle located at the shoulder responsible for arm abduction?
Deltoid muscle.
247
What is the name of the muscle that is located on the lateral side of the forearm?
Brachioradialis muscle.
248
Which muscle is indicated as the primary muscle of the upper arm?
Triceps brachii muscle.
249
Which muscles are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?
Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis.
250
What is the origin of the musculocutaneous nerve?
Lateral cord of the brachial plexus.
251
What branches does the musculocutaneous nerve give off?
Branches to coracobrachialis, biceps, and brachialis.
252
What is the primary nerve supplying the muscles of the front of the arm?
Musculocutaneous nerve.
253
What is the function of the musculocutaneous nerve?
Innervates the muscles of the front of the arm.
254
What is the role of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve?
Provides sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the forearm.
255
Which branch of the musculocutaneous nerve supplies the skin of the forearm?
Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve.
256
What is the insertion attachment point for the triceps?
Olecranon process.
257
What is the medial head of the triceps attached to?
Medial intermuscular septum.
258
Which muscle has a lateral head that attaches to the upper rear of the humerus?
Triceps Brachii.
259
What is the function of the triceps brachii?
Extension of the elbow.
260
What is the origin attachment point for the long head of the triceps?
Glenoid cavity.
261
What are the three heads of the triceps brachii?
Long head, lateral head, and medial head.
262
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the elbow and is located in the upper arm?
Biceps brachii.
263
What is the primary action of the Flexor pollicis longus?
Flexion of the thumb.
264
What is the insertion point for the Flexor digitorum superficialis?
Middle phalanges of the fingers.
265
What is the function of the Supinator muscle?
To supinate the forearm.
266
Which muscle is responsible for the flexion of the distal phalanges?
Flexor digitorum profundus.
267
What is the origin of the Brachialis muscle?
Humerus.
268
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the wrist and is located on the ulnar side?
Flexor carpi ulnaris.
269
Which muscle is located on the lateral side of the forearm and helps in flexion?
Brachioradialis.
270
What is the role of the axillary nerve in relation to the triceps?
It innervates the deltoid and teres minor, which are adjacent to the triceps.
271
What is the function of the triceps muscle?
Extension of the elbow joint.
272
What anatomical structure is located near the triceps?
Brachial artery.
273
Which part of the triceps is innervated by the radial nerve?
All heads of the triceps.
274
Which nerve innervates the lateral head of the triceps?
Radial nerve.
275
What is the primary nerve supply of the triceps?
Radial nerve.
276
What is the role of the ulnar nerve in relation to the triceps?
It does not innervate the triceps but is located nearby.
277
What muscle is located on the medial side of the triceps?
Triceps brachii, medial head.
278
Which artery is associated with the nerve supply of the triceps?
Posterior humeral circumflex artery.
279
What is transmitted through the quadrangular space?
Posterior circumflex humeral vessels and axillary nerve.
280
What are the boundaries of the lower triangular space above?
Teres major.
281
What are the boundaries of the upper triangular space below?
By teres major.
282
What is the upper triangular space bordered by?
The long head of the triceps and the teres minor muscle.
283
What muscle is located in the lower triangular space?
The long head of the triceps.
284
Which muscle is located above the quadrangular space?
Teres minor muscle.
285
What is the quadrangular space bordered by?
The teres major, teres minor, long head of the triceps, and the lateral head of the triceps.
286
What is the quadrangular space associated with?
Teres major and long head of triceps.
287
What muscle is located in the lower triangular space?
Lateral head of triceps.
288
Which muscle is located below the supraspinatus?
Infraspinatus.
289
Which muscle is the long head of the triceps associated with?
Triceps.
290
Which muscle is indicated as the upper border of the triangular interval?
Teres minor.
291
Which muscle is located above the Infraspinatus?
Supraspinatus.
292
What muscle is indicated as the lower border of the triangular space?
Teres major.
293
What is the primary role of the Teres major muscle?
Adduction and internal rotation of the arm.
294
What is the function of the Infraspinatus muscle?
External rotation of the shoulder.
295
What muscle is located above the scapular spine?
Supraspinatus.
296
Which nerve is associated with the axillary artery?
Axillary n.
297
What artery is associated with the circumflex scapular?
Circumflex scapular a.
298
What is the function of the deltoid muscle?
Shoulder abduction.
299
What is the role of the axillary nerve?
Innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles.
300
What is the significance of the lateral intermuscular septum?
Separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the arm.
301
Which muscle is found below the scapular spine?
Infraspinatus.
302
What is the role of the teres minor muscle?
External rotation of the shoulder.
303
What is the function of the teres major muscle?
It helps in the adduction and medial rotation of the arm.
304
Which muscle is indicated as the long head of the triceps brachii?
Long head of triceps brachii.
305
Which nerve is found in the triangular interval?
Radial nerve.
306
What nerve passes through the quadrangular space?
Axillary nerve.
307
What is the function of the suprascapular nerve?
Innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.
308
What is the name of the muscle that is located below the teres major?
Latissimus dorsi.
309
What artery is associated with the triangular space?
Circumflex scapular artery.
310
What is the long head of the triceps brachii associated with?
The triangular interval.
311
Which muscle is indicated as the subscapularis?
Subscapularis.
312
Which artery and vein are located in the quadrangular space?
Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein.
313
Which muscle is located beneath the scapula?
Subscapularis.
314
From where do all muscles of the superficial group of the front of the forearm arise?
From the front of the medial epicondyle of the humerus (Common flexor origin).
315
What is the insertion point of the pronator teres?
Rough area in the middle of the lateral surface of the radius (Pronator tuberosity).
316
What is the main action of the pronator teres muscle?
Pronation of the forearm at the radioulnar joints.
317
What is the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Flexion of metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the medial four fingers.
318
Which nerve supplies all muscles in the superficial group of the front of the forearm?
Median nerve, except for flexor carpi ulnaris which is supplied by the ulnar nerve.
319
What is the common action of the muscles in the superficial group of the front of the forearm?
Weak flexors of the elbow and flexion of the wrist (except pronator teres).
320
Which muscles arise by two heads in the superficial group of the front of the forearm?
All except flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus.
321
What is the insertion point for the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Sides of the shaft of middle phalanges of the medial 4 fingers.
322
What is the origin of the palmaris longus?
Common flexor origin (C.F.O.), may be absent.
323
What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis?
Abduction (radial deviation) of the hand.
324
What are the relations of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
It is deep to flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus
325
Where is the ulnar nerve and artery located in relation to the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
Deep to the muscle in the upper 2/3 of the forearm, then lateral to the tendon in the lower 1/3 of the forearm.
326
Where does the humoral head of the Flexor carpi ulnaris originate?
C.F.O. (Common Flexor Origin).
327
What is the common action of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
Adduction (ulnar deviation) of the hand.
328
What are the insertions of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
Pisiform bone and base of the 5th metacarpal bone.
329
What are the two heads of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
Humoral head and Ulnar head.
330
What is the origin of the ulnar head of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
From the medial border of the olecranon and upper 2/3 of the posterior border of the ulna.
331
Where does the Flexor carpi ulnaris insert?
Pisiform bone and base of the 5th metacarpal bone.
332
What is the anatomical position of the flexor pollicis longus?
It is located on the front of the forearm.
333
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the wrist and is located on the radial side?
Flexor carpi radialis.
334
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the wrist and is located in the superficial group?
Flexor carpi radialis.
335
What is the function of the Flexor pollicis longus?
It flexes the thumb.
336
What is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
It flexes and adducts the wrist.
337
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the wrist and is located in the superficial group?
Palmaris longus.
338
What is the role of the Flexor digitorum superficialis?
It flexes the fingers.
339
What is the purpose of the Flexor retinaculum?
It holds the tendons of the flexor muscles in place at the wrist.
340
Which muscle assists in flexing the wrist and is located laterally?
Flexor carpi radialis.
341
What structure is indicated as the common flexor origin?
The front of the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
342
What is the significance of the common flexor origin?
It is the point where several flexor muscles originate.
343
Which muscle is located on the front of the forearm and is part of the superficial flexors?
Flexor carpi radialis.
344
Which muscle is located on the ulnar side of the forearm and helps in wrist flexion?
Flexor carpi ulnaris.
345
Which muscle is known for flexing the digits and is part of the superficial flexors?
Flexor digitorum superficialis.
346
What is the function of the pronator teres muscle?
It helps in pronating the forearm.
347
What is the name of the muscle that pronates the forearm?
Pronator teres.
348
What is the role of the flexor retinaculum?
It acts as a fibrous band that holds the tendons in place.
349
What is the function of the Palmaris longus muscle?
It assists in wrist flexion.
350
What are the two heads of the pronator teres muscle?
Humeral head and ulnar head.
351
What is the anatomical location of the pronator tuberosity?
It is located on the ulna.
352
What artery is associated with the pronator teres muscle?
Ulnar artery.
353
What is the significance of the medial epicondyle in relation to the pronator teres?
It serves as an attachment point for the muscle.
354
What types of muscles are found in the forearm?
Flexors and extensors.
355
What is the primary function of the muscles in the forearm?
To facilitate movement of the wrist and fingers.
356
What structures are visible alongside the muscles in the forearm?
Nerves and blood vessels.
357
What anatomical structures are visible alongside the muscles in the forearm?
Nerves and blood vessels.
358
What is the primary function of the muscles in the forearm?
To facilitate movement of the wrist and fingers.
359
What is the significance of the tendons in the forearm?
They connect muscles to bones, enabling movement.
360
What type of muscles are primarily found in the forearm?
Flexors and extensors.
361
Which muscle is located in the deep layer and assists in flexing the fingers?
Flexor digitorum profundus.
362
What is the role of the pronator quadratus?
It assists in pronating the forearm.
363
What is the role of 'flexor digitorum profundus'?
It flexes the distal phalanges of the fingers.
364
Name one muscle from the superficial layer of extrinsic flexors.
Flexor carpi radialis.
365
What is the primary function of the muscles shown in the image?
They are extrinsic flexors of the forearm.
366
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the thumb?
Flexor pollicis longus.
367
Which muscle is labeled as 'palmaris longus'?
It is a superficial flexor muscle.
368
What is the function of the 'flexor carpi radialis'?
It flexes and abducts the wrist.
369
Which muscle is labeled as 'pronator teres'?
It is located in the superficial layer of extrinsic flexors.
370
What is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
It flexes and adducts the wrist.
371
What is the function of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
It flexes the middle phalanges of the fingers.
372
What is the role of the pronator teres?
It helps in pronating the forearm.
373
What is the role of 'pronator quadratus'?
It pronates the forearm.
374
Which muscle is labeled as 'flexor digitorum superficialis'?
It is a superficial flexor muscle that flexes the middle phalanges.
375
What is the function of 'flexor carpi ulnaris'?
It flexes and adducts the wrist.
376
Which nerve is associated with the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?
Ulnar nerve.
377
What is the 'Medial epicondyle of humerus'?
A bony prominence on the inner side of the elbow.
378
What is the apex of the palmar aponeurosis?
The point where the palmar aponeurosis converges.
379
What structure is indicated by 'Flexor retinaculum'?
A fibrous band that holds tendons in place.
380
What is the function of the Palmaris longus muscle?
It assists in flexing the wrist.
381
What do the tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis do?
They flex the fingers.
382
What are the 'Tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis' arranged in?
Arranged in 2 pairs.
383
What is the 'Apex of palmar aponeurosis'?
The point where the palmar aponeurosis converges.
384
What is the function of the 'Flexor digitorum superficialis'?
To flex the fingers.
385
What muscle is labeled as 'Palmaris longus muscle'?
Palmaris longus muscle.
386
What does 'Flexor digitorum superficialis' refer to?
A muscle that flexes the fingers.
387
What does the 'Radial head' refer to?
The proximal end of the radius bone.
388
What structure is referred to as the 'Arch of flexor digitorum superficialis'?
A structure in the superficial group of the front of the forearm.
389
Which artery is associated with the superficial group of the front of the forearm?
Radial artery.
390
What is the role of the reflected humeral head of the pronator teres?
It assists in pronation of the forearm.
391
Where does the ulnar nerve run in relation to the medial epicondyle?
It runs posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
392
What muscle is indicated as 'Flexor carpi ulnaris'?
A muscle in the superficial group of the front of the forearm.
393
What is the primary nerve supplying the superficial group of the front of the forearm?
Median nerve.
394
What is the significance of the radial artery in the context of the forearm?
It supplies blood to the forearm.
395
What is the nerve supply for the superficial group of the front of the forearm?
Median nerve and Ulnar nerve.
396
Which nerve is associated with the medial epicondyle of the humerus?
Ulnar nerve.
397
What is the function of the radial artery?
Supplies blood to the forearm and hand.
398
What is the primary function of the 'Biceps' muscle?
Flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm.
399
What muscle is associated with the 'Common flexor origin'?
Flexor muscles of the forearm.
400
Which nerve is responsible for the flexor muscles in the forearm?
Median nerve primarily supplies these muscles, with some contribution from the ulnar nerve.
401
What is the function of the pronator teres?
It pronates the forearm and assists in elbow flexion.
402
What muscle is indicated by the label 'Biceps'?
A muscle in the front of the forearm.
403
What muscle is indicated by 'Flexor carpi ulnaris'?
A muscle that flexes and adducts the wrist.
404
Which nerve is associated with the common flexor origin?
Median nerve.
405
What is the function of the flexor digitorum profundus?
It flexes the fingers.
406
What structure is indicated as the 'Superficial arch'?
A vascular structure in the forearm.
407
What is the role of the radial artery?
It supplies blood to the forearm and hand.
408
Which muscle is indicated as 'Flexor carpi ulnaris'?
A muscle that flexes and adducts the wrist.
409
What structure is labeled as the 'Superficial arch'?
A vascular structure in the front of the forearm.
410
What is the role of the 'Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve'?
Provides sensory innervation to the skin of the hand.
411
Which nerve is responsible for sensation in the forearm and hand?
Median nerve.
412
What group of muscles does the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis belong to?
Deep Group of Muscles of Front of Forearm.
413
What is the common origin of the deep group of muscles in the front of the forearm?
Interosseous membrane and upper 2/3 of corresponding bone (except pronator quadratus).
414
What is the action of the Flexor pollicis longus?
Flexion of wrist & all joints of thumb.
415
Which nerve supplies all muscles in the deep group of the front of the forearm?
Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve), except the medial 1/2 of Flexor digitorum profundus which is supplied by the Ulnar nerve.
416
What is the action of the Flexor digitorum profundus?
Flexion of wrist & all joints of medial 4 fingers.
417
Where do the tendons of the Flexor digitorum profundus insert?
By 4 tendons into the base of terminal phalanges of medial 4 fingers.
418
What is the origin of the Pronator quadratus?
Lower 1/4 of front of ulna.
419
What is the origin of the Flexor digitorum profundus?
Upper 2/3 of anterior & medial surface of shaft of ulna & interosseous membrane.
420
What is the common action of the deep group of muscles in the front of the forearm?
Flexion of wrist and all joints of fingers (except pronator quadratus).
421
What is the common action of the deep group of muscles in the front of the forearm?
Flexion of wrist and all joints of fingers (except pronator quadratus).
422
What is the insertion of the Flexor pollicis longus?
Base of terminal phalanx of thumb.
423
Where do the tendons of the Flexor digitorum profundus insert?
Into the base of terminal phalanges of medial 4 fingers.
424
Which nerve supplies all muscles in the deep group of the front of the forearm?
Anterior interosseous nerve (branch of median nerve), except the medial 1/2 of Flexor digitorum profundus which is supplied by the Ulnar nerve.
425
What is the origin of the Pronator quadratus?
Lower 1/4 of front of ulna.
426
What is the action of the Pronator quadratus?
Pronation at radioulnar joints and binding radius to ulna.
427
What is the origin of the Flexor pollicis longus?
Upper 2/3 of anterior surface of shaft of radius & interosseous membrane.
428
What is the common origin of the deep group of muscles in the front of the forearm?
Interosseous membrane and upper 2/3 of corresponding bone (except pronator quadratus).
429
Which muscle is responsible for wrist flexion and is located in the superficial layer?
Palmaris longus.
430
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the wrist and is located on the medial side?
Flexor carpi ulnaris.
431
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the fingers?
Flexor digitorum profundus.
432
What is the role of the 'flexor carpi radialis'?
It flexes and abducts the wrist.
433
What is the primary action of the flexor retinaculum?
To hold the tendons in place at the wrist.
434
Which muscle is indicated as the 'brachialis'?
A muscle located beneath the biceps brachii.
435
What muscle is located at the lateral side of the anterior view of the arm?
Biceps brachii.
436
What muscle is located on the medial side of the forearm?
Flexor carpi ulnaris.
437
Which muscle is indicated as 'palmaris longus'?
A muscle that helps in wrist flexion.
438
What is the role of the 'flexor pollicis longus'?
It flexes the thumb.
439
Which muscle is responsible for pronation of the forearm?
Pronator teres.
440
What is the function of the pronator teres?
To pronate the forearm.
441
What muscle is located at the deepest layer in the anterior view?
Flexor pollicis longus.
442
What is the function of the 'brachioradialis'?
It assists in flexing the forearm.
443
What is the function of the 'flexor carpi ulnaris'?
It flexes and adducts the wrist.
444
What is the role of the flexor digitorum profundus?
To flex the fingers.
445
What is the function of the 'pronator quadratus'?
It pronates the forearm.
446
What is the primary action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
To flex and adduct the wrist.
447
What structure connects the radius and ulna?
Interosseous membrane.
448
What is the primary function of the flexor pollicis longus muscle?
To flex the thumb.
449
What is the anatomical position of the interosseous membrane?
Between the radius and ulna.
450
What is the function of the palmaris longus?
Flexes the wrist.
451
Which muscle is located superficially in the forearm flexors?
Flexor digitorum superficialis.
452
Which nerve innervates the flexor muscles of the forearm?
Median nerve.
453
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the thumb?
Flexor pollicis longus.
454
What is the significance of the ulnar tuberosity?
It serves as an attachment point for the brachialis muscle.
455
What is the function of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle?
To flex the proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers.
456
What is the role of the palmaris longus muscle?
To assist in wrist flexion.
457
Which muscle is located on the anterior side of the forearm?
Flexor carpi radialis.
458
What is the anatomical position of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?
On the medial side of the forearm.
459
What are the lumbricals responsible for?
They flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints.
460
How many lumbrical muscles are there in the hand?
Four.
461
What is the role of the Flexor Pollicis Longus?
It flexes the thumb.
462
Describe the tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus and Flexor Pollicis Longus.
These tendons are responsible for flexing the fingers and thumb, respectively.
463
What is the function of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus?
It flexes the distal phalanges of the fingers.
464
What are the Lumbricals in the hand responsible for?
They flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints.
465
Which nerve supplies most muscles in the superficial group of the back of the forearm?
Posterior interosseous nerve.
466
What is the action of the brachioradialis muscle?
Flexion of the elbow in the midprone position.
467
Which muscles are the main extensors of the wrist?
Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris.
468
What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar deviation (adduction) of the wrist.
469
What is the unique feature of the anconeus muscle?
It arises separately from the lateral epicondyle.
470
What is the insertion point of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Base of the 5th metacarpal bone.
471
What is the common origin for most muscles in the superficial group of the back of the forearm?
Front of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (common extensor origin).
472
What is the action of the extensor digitorum?
Extension of metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the medial 4 fingers.
473
Which muscles are exceptions to the common action of wrist extension?
Brachioradialis and anconeus.
474
What is the common action of the muscles in the superficial group of the back of the forearm?
Extension of the wrist.
475
What is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Lower 1/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge.
476
What is the action of the anconeus muscle?
Assists triceps in extension of the elbow.
477
Which muscle extends the index finger?
Extensor indicis.
478
What is the primary function of the extensor pollicis longus?
Extends the thumb.
479
What is the primary function of the extensor digitorum?
To extend the fingers.
480
What muscle is responsible for extending the wrist and fingers?
Extensor digitorum.
481
What is the role of the extensor indicis?
To extend the index finger.
482
Describe the most lateral extensor muscle in the forearm.
The extensor carpi radialis brevis is located laterally and assists in wrist extension.
483
Which muscle is responsible for wrist abduction?
Abductor pollicis longus.
484
Which muscle is located on the anterior side of the forearm and is responsible for wrist flexion?
Flexor carpi ulnaris.
485
Which muscle is located on the lateral side of the forearm and assists in wrist extension?
Extensor carpi radialis brevis.
486
What is the role of the abductor pollicis longus?
Abducts the thumb.
487
Which muscle is responsible for supination of the forearm?
Supinator.
488
What is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Flexes and adducts the wrist.
489
What is the origin of the triceps brachii?
Scapula and humerus.
490
What is the function of the supinator muscle?
To supinate the forearm.
491
Describe the longest extensor muscle in the forearm.
The extensor pollicis longus is the longest extensor and extends the thumb.
492
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the digits?
Flexor digitorum profundus.
493
Describe the primary function of the forearm muscles.
These muscles are responsible for movement and manipulation of the hand and wrist.
494
Describe the muscles of the forearm.
The forearm contains muscles that are responsible for various movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction of the wrist and fingers.
495
To which part of the body do the forearm muscles belong?
The forearm.
496
What type of muscles are primarily shown in the forearm?
Skeletal muscles.
497
What is the significance of the muscles in the forearm?
They are essential for fine motor skills and grip strength.
498
How many main groups of muscles are typically found in the forearm?
Two main groups: superficial and deep.
499
Which muscle is responsible for extending the little finger?
Extensor digiti minimi.
500
Which muscle is responsible for extending the digits?
Extensor digitorum.
501
What muscle is responsible for extending the wrist and fingers?
Extensor digitorum.
502
What is the anatomical term for the base of the proximal phalanx?
Base of proximal phalanx.
503
What is the anatomical term for the area labeled as 'anatomical snuff-box'?
A triangular depression on the lateral aspect of the wrist.
504
Which muscle is located at the base of the proximal phalanx?
Abductor pollicis longus.
505
What is the primary function of the muscles in the superficial group of the back of the forearm?
They are superficial extensors.
506
Which muscle is located in the medial group of the superficial extensors?
Extensor carpi ulnaris.
507
Which muscle is located at the base of the 5th metacarpal bone?
Extensor carpi ulnaris.
508
What is the role of the Extensor carpi ulnaris?
It extends and adducts the wrist.
509
What is the function of the Anconeus muscle?
It assists in elbow extension.
510
What is the function of the Abductor pollicis longus?
It abducts the thumb.
511
From where do the muscles of the deep group of the back of the forearm arise?
Back of interosseous membrane and back of shaft of radius or ulna (except supinator).
512
What nerve supplies the deep group of muscles in the back of the forearm?
Posterior interosseous nerve (branch of radial nerve).
513
What is the action of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Extension of proximal phalanx of thumb.
514
What does the extensor indicis do?
Extension of all joints of index finger.
515
What are the origins of the supinator muscle?
Superficial part: lateral epicondyle and radial collateral ligament
516
Where does the abductor pollicis longus insert?
Base of 1st metacarpal bone.
517
What is the action of the supinator muscle?
Supination of forearm at radio-ulnar joints.
518
What is the origin of the extensor pollicis longus?
Posterior surface of ulna & interosseous membrane.
519
What is the action of the extensor indicis?
Extension of all joints of index finger.
520
Where does the extensor pollicis longus insert?
Base of terminal phalanx of thumb.
521
Which muscle extends the index finger?
Extensor indicis.
522
What is the role of the posterior interosseous nerve?
Innervates the extensor muscles of the forearm.
523
Which muscle abducts the thumb?
Abductor pollicis longus muscle.
524
Which muscle is located in the deep group of muscles of the back of the forearm?
Extensor pollicis brevis.
525
What nerve is associated with the posterior interosseous region?
Posterior interosseous nerve.
526
What structure is indicated by the dorsal tubercle of Lister?
A bony prominence on the distal radius.
527
What is the significance of the interosseous membrane?
Connects the radius and ulna, providing stability.
528
What is the function of the extensor pollicis longus?
Extends the thumb.
529
What is the anatomical snuff box?
A triangular depression on the lateral aspect of the wrist.
530
Which muscle abducts the thumb?
Abductor pollicis longus.
531
What is the role of the interosseous membrane?
Connects the radius and ulna.
532
What muscle is responsible for supination of the forearm?
Supinator muscle.
533
What is the function of the supinator muscle?
To supinate the forearm.
534
What branches are associated with the radial nerve?
Deep branch and superficial branch.
535
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the supinator muscle?
Posterior interosseous nerve.
536
What artery is mentioned in relation to the posterior interosseous nerve?
Recurrent interosseous artery.
537
Where does the deep branch of the radial nerve travel?
It travels deep to the supinator muscle.
538
What muscle is associated with the supinator?
Supinator muscle.
539
What does the posterior interosseous nerve innervate?
Muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm.
540
What anatomical structure is indicated by 'lateral epicondyle'?
A bony prominence on the outer part of the elbow.
541
What is the function of the supinator muscle?
To supinate the forearm.
542
Which muscle is located on the lateral side of the forearm?
Brachioradialis.
543
What role do the muscles in the forearm play?
They facilitate movement of the wrist and fingers.
544
Which muscle is responsible for extending the thumb?
Extensor pollicis longus.
545
What is the function of the extensor retinaculum?
It holds the tendons of the extensor muscles in place at the wrist.
546
What is the difference between extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis?
Extensor pollicis longus extends the thumb at the interphalangeal joint, while extensor pollicis brevis extends the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint.
547
What is the function of the extensor pollicis brevis?
It extends the proximal phalanx of the thumb.
548
What is the role of the abductor pollicis longus?
It abducts the thumb.
549
What is the function of the muscles in the deep layer of the posterior compartment?
They primarily extend the wrist and fingers.
550
What is the action of the Abductor pollicis brevis?
Abduction of the carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb.
551
Which nerve supplies all thenar muscles except adductor pollicis?
Median nerve.
552
What is the action of the Opponens pollicis?
Opposition of the thumb against other fingers at the carpo-metacarpal joint.
553
What muscles are included in the lateral muscles of the palm?
Abductor pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis, and Adductor pollicis.
554
What is the action of the Adductor pollicis?
Adduction of the thumb at the carpo-metacarpal joint.
555
What are the two heads of the Adductor pollicis?
Transverse head and oblique head.
556
What is the common origin of the thenar muscles?
Lateral part of flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, and trapezium.
557
What is the action of the Flexor pollicis brevis?
Flexion of the carpo-metacarpal and metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the thumb.
558
Where are the thenar muscles inserted?
Proximal phalanx of the thumb, except for opponens pollicis.
559
Which muscle abducts the little finger?
Abductor digiti minimi.
560
What are the muscles that control the little finger called?
Hypothenar muscles.
561
What are the muscles located in the medial palm of the hand called?
Thenar muscles.
562
What is the function of the opponens pollicis muscle?
It allows opposition of the thumb.
563
What are the muscles located in the lateral palm of the hand called?
Hypothenar muscles.
564
What is the function of the flexor digiti minimi?
It flexes the little finger.
565
What is the function of the flexor pollicis brevis?
It flexes the thumb.
566
Name one type of intrinsic muscle found in the hand.
Lumbricals.
567
What is the function of the palmar interossei muscles?
Adduction of the fingers.
568
Which intrinsic muscle is involved in opposition of the thumb?
Opponens pollicis.
569
What is the function of the palmaris brevis?
Improves grip by tightening the skin on the palm.
570
What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand responsible for?
Fine motor movements of the fingers.
571
What is the function of the palmaris brevis muscle?
Improves grip by tightening the skin of the palm.
572
Which muscle is responsible for flexing the thumb?
Flexor pollicis brevis.
573
What is the function of the palmar interossei?
Adduction of the fingers.
574
Which muscle is responsible for the adduction of the thumb?
Adductor pollicis.
575
Which intrinsic muscle is involved in opposition of the thumb?
Opponens pollicis.
576
What is the role of the first dorsal interosseous muscle?
Abduction of the index finger.
577
Which muscle assists in flexing the proximal phalanges?
Lumbricals.
578
What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand responsible for?
Fine motor movements of the fingers.
579
Which muscle assists in flexing the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints?
Lumbricals.
580
What is the movement called that combines flexion and medial rotation of the thumb?
Opposition.
581
What muscle is responsible for the opposition of the thumb?
Opponens pollicis.
582
What is the role of the flexor retinaculum?
It holds the tendons of the flexor muscles in place.
583
What are the interosseous muscles responsible for?
They assist in finger abduction and adduction.
584
What is the function of the lumbricals in the hand?
They flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints.
585
What is the primary action of the adductor pollicis?
Adduction of the thumb.
586
Which muscle is located in the hypothenar eminence?
Opponens digiti minimi.
587
What are the muscles located in the thenar eminence?
Abductor pollicis brevis, Opponens pollicis, Flexor pollicis brevis, Adductor pollicis.
588
Which muscle abducts the little finger?
Abductor digiti minimi.
589
Which muscle is located in the hypothenar eminence?
Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi brevis, Opponens digiti minimi.
590
What is the role of the flexor retinaculum?
It holds the tendons of the flexor muscles in place at the wrist.
591
What is the origin of the opponens digiti minimi?
Medial surface of the shaft of the 5th metacarpal bone.
592
What is the common origin of the medial muscles of the palm?
Medial part of flexor retinaculum, pisiform bone, and hook of hamate.
593
What is the origin of the palmaris brevis?
Medial border of the palmar aponeurosis.
594
Where do all the medial muscles of the palm insert?
Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger (except opponens digiti minimi).
595
What is the action of the opponens digiti minimi?
Opposition of the little finger against the thumb.
596
What is the action of the flexor digiti minimi?
Flexion of the proximal phalanx of the little finger.
597
What is the action of the palmaris brevis?
Deepens the hollow of the palm of the hand.
598
Which nerve supplies all the medial muscles of the palm?
Ulnar nerve.
599
What is the action of the abductor digiti minimi?
Abduction of the little finger.
600
What is the origin of the palmaris brevis?
Medial border of palmar aponeurosis.
601
What is the action of the flexor digiti minimi?
Flexion of the proximal phalanx of the little finger.
